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类型分词概述完整版.ppt

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    分词概述完整版.ppt
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    1、分词,分词,现在分词 the present participle,过去分词 the past participle,状语、 定语、宾补、表语 (adj. adv.),1. 分词作状语,Hearing a noise, they stopped talking. Taken round the city, we were impressed by the citys new look. Being ill, he didnt come. Tired out, they stopped to have a rest. Praised by the neighbours, he became th

    2、e pride of his parents.,1. 分词作状语,_ (stay) here for some time, youll find the people here friendly. _(give) another chance, I will do a better job. 多给点时间,我能把这件事做的更好。 She sat there _(read) a newspaper. He cut off the electricity quickly, _ (prevent) an accident.,Having stayed,Given,Given more time, I

    3、will be able to do it better.,reading,preventing,1. 分词作状语,She walked into the classroom, _ (follow) by two students. _(follow) two students, she walked into the classroom.,Notes: 1)当分词或分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。,followed,Following,满怀着希望和恐惧,他进入了山洞。,Walking along the road, an accident happened. Walkin

    4、g along the park, he saw an accident happen. Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door. Listening to the radio, he heard a knock at the door. 被箭射中了,这个人从马上摔了下来。,1. 分词作状语,Hit by the arrow, the man fell from the horse.,Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.,1. 分词作状语,Notes: 2)分词作状

    5、语,还可以在前面加上适当的连词。如:when, while, until, if, unless, though, although, once 但是分词作原因状语时,不可以带有because, since, as,尽管被告知了危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个男孩。,1. 分词作状语,While walking along the street, he was hit by a falling stone. He will do better if properly encouraged. 一旦看见,这件事情就永远难忘。,Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

    6、,Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.,before & after After taking the medicine, he went to bed. After being beaten, they were discouraged. Before being exposed to the sun, I used some sunscreen to protect my skin. After, before后跟动名词,主动用doing, 被动用being done。,1. 分词作状语,一

    7、句话多没说,他的眼泪从他的脸上滑落。,2. 独立主格结构,The train coming in, they stood in a line. It being Sunday, there was no school. Weather permitting, well have the party in the garden. 附近没有公交车,我们不得不乘出租车。,There being no buses nearby, we had to take a taxi.,No word said, his tears came down his face.,3. 分词结构的时态,1)简单时的分词结

    8、构表示与句子的动词发生在相同时间或略早些。 Living in the suburbs, I have few visitors. Walking along the street, he found a wallet. Turning around the corner, the thief met a policeman face to face. Hearing the news, he was wild with joy. Arriving there, he called me.,略早些,略早些,略早些,_ (realize) my mother is angry, I am afr

    9、aid to talk with her. _ (find) his house broken into, he dialed 110. _(not know) what to do, he turned to his father for help. _ (feel) sick, I decide to go to see the doctor.,Realizing,Finding,Not knowing,Feeling,3. 分词结构的时态,如果分词结构的时间观念迟于主要动词,则通常将分词结构放在句尾,但仍然要用逗号分开。 Finding the door locked, I had to

    10、 leave. He left, leaving his wife and two children . I went back, only to find the door locked.,3. 分词结构的时态,2)完成时的分词所表示的时间比主句的动词早完成。这种形式的分词在句中只作状语,一般不作其他成分。 Having lived in America, he is fluent in English.= As he has lived in America, Having finished his work, he took a rest.= After he had finished

    11、his work, he took a rest. = After finishing his work, he took a rest.,4. 分词结构的语态,1)主动语态 doing, having done 2)被动语态 being done, having been done, done Having written something on a card, he gave it to me. Having written my composition, I have nothing to do. Having been written Written in an easy style

    12、, the book has many readers. Being written in an easy style, the book will have many readers.,4. 分词结构的语态,doingbeing donehaving donehaving been donedone, 主动、正在进行、同时发生, 被动、正在进行, 主动、已经完成, 被动、已经完成, 被动、完成或状态,5. 几种分词形式的区别,doing 与 having done Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 一看到妈妈,这个孩子就冲向她的怀抱。,Having

    13、seen the film, we went home. 完成作业后,他停下来休息一下。,Seeing his mother, the baby rushed into her arms.,Having finished his homework, he stopped to have a rest.,5. 几种分词形式的区别,done, being done 与 having been done Heated, water changes into steam. 给我五分钟,我可以完成这个事情。,Given five minutes, I can finish it.,Being paint

    14、ed, the house in empty. 因为在整修中,这条马路不通车。,Being repaired, the road is not open to traffic.,Having been discussed for many times, the problem was solved. 在带领下参观图书馆后,我们被带去了教学楼。,Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the teaching building.,5. 几种分词形式的区别,Having been told not to break the ru

    15、les, they behave themselves.Told not to break the rules, they behave themselves.,被告知之后,由于被告知,在although, though, once, if, unless 后常用ed分词 另外,有些非谓语形式在句中为独立成分:Judging from, Generally speaking, Talking of, to tell the truth, to be honest, to make matters worse,6. 分词的否定形式,not + 分词not doing, not done, not

    16、 having done Not knowing what to do, he just stood there. 在小区里没被任何人知道,他感到孤独。,Not known to anybody in the neighbourhood, he felt lonely.,还没有做好足够准备,他们不得不推迟会议。,Not having made enough preparations, they had to put off the meeting.,Practice,1)The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk

    17、s, _that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 2)_in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being found B. It was foundedC. Founded D. Founding,C,C,3)_ a vase, the boy stood still without daring to raise his head.A. Break B. Br

    18、oken C. Having broken D. To break 4)_to the party, Joan was greatly hurt.A. Having not been invitedB. Not having been invitedC. Having not invitedD. Not having invited,C,B,5)Walking down the street the other day, _.A. I saw unusual something happenedB. a terrible accident happenedC. something unsual

    19、 was seen by meD.I saw a terrible accident 6) _many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he had been toldC. He had been told D. Having told,D,C,7)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 8)_ in white, she

    20、looks much more beautiful.A. Wearing B. Dressing C. Dressed D. Having dressed,C,C,9) European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 10) He sent me an e-mail, _to get further information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

    21、 11) _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,A,B,A,12) _after a long walk, Mike called and said he couldnt come to the party.A. Having worn out B. Being worn out C. To wear out D. Worn out 13) _good,the fo

    22、od was soon sold out.A. Tasted B. Tasting C. Being tasted D. Having tasted,D,B,14) Lucy is very shy and never speaks_.A. until speaking to B. unless spoken toC. unless speaking to D. only if spoken to 15) Though_ to stop, the _speakerkept on talking at the meeting.A. being told; exciting B. to be to

    23、ld; excitingC. told; excited D. telling; excited,B,C,7. 分词作定语,1) 作定语的分词如果是单词,一般放在所修饰的名词前面,如果是短语,一般放在所修饰的名词后面,相当于定语从句。 The rising sun was hidden by the clouds. The man standing there is our group leader. A broken cup is lying on the ground. This is a factory built in 1950.,7. 分词作定语,2) 过去分词一般修饰人表示感到,现

    24、在分词修饰物,表示令人。有些“使”动词有两种形容词:-ing & -ed His words surprised me. His words made me surprised. His words were surprising. I was surprised by his words. 类似动词:interest,move, astonish, encourage, discourage, puzzle, excite, trouble, worry, frighten, delight, disappoint, please, shock, bore, touch, satisfy,

    25、annoy, embarrass,7. 分词作定语,他告诉了我们这个令人兴奋地消息。 这些兴奋地学生高兴地跳了起来。 这个逗人发笑的故事使我们大笑起来。 被逗乐的观众一直笑着。 在听这个讲座时,他带着感兴趣的微笑。他是一个鼓舞人心的领导人,每个人都钦佩他。,He told us the exciting news.,The excited pupils jumped with joy.,The amusing story made us laugh.,The amused audience laughed all the time.,When listening to the lecture,

    26、 he wore an interested look.,He is an inspiring leader so that everyone admires him.,7. 分词作定语,3) 动词的现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。及物动词的过去分词表示已经被完成的动作。,boiling water boiled water developing country developed country changing situation changed situation,不及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成的动作。,falling fallen leaves rising risen sun e

    27、scaped prisoner retired teacher returned students,7. 分词作定语,几组意义相近的分词The book has one page missing.My lost wallet has been found.,The remaining money is on the desk.The money left is on the desk.,cf. The missed lecture is boring.,关于first,He is always the first _ (come) and the last _ (leave). Learnin

    28、g is now the first thing for you _ (care) about. Do you know which is the first language _ (speak) in the world? Soccer, first _ (play) in England, is played around the world now.,to come,to leave,spoken,to care,played,7. 分词作定语,注意:分词的完成式having done和having been done不可以作定语。 Do you know the accident ha

    29、ving happened last night?,The building having been built last year is in use now.,which happened,an accident which happened yesterday,a pen which belongs to my sister,built,7. 分词作定语,分词和动名词作定语的区别 分词修饰名词,与所修饰名词构成主谓结构 动名词修饰名词,说明名词的用途a sleeping bag a sleeping childa waiting room a waiting cara flying sc

    30、hool a flying bird,8. 分词作宾补,1) 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, smell We heard her singing in the room. I smell something burning. I feel myself beaten by the failure. 比较: We can see the children playing in the garden. I saw him go upstairs, open the door and turn on the light.,8. 分词作宾补,2) 使役动词make, have

    31、, get, keep, leave make sb. do sth. make oneself done,have sb. do sth. have sb. doing sth. have sth. done ,keep sb. doing keep sth. done leave sb. doing leave sth. undone,sb. be made to do sth.,get sb. to do sth.,get sth. done,8. 分词作宾补,Speak louder so that you can make yourself _ (hear). Keep quiet

    32、so that you can make yourself _(hear) the speaker. Dont have the water _ (run). I had my hair _ (cut) yesterday. I must get my watch _(repair).,heard,hear,running,cut,repaired,8. 分词作宾补,He kept his eyes _ (shut). The mother left her baby _(cry). He left a lot of work _ (not finish). 与have有关的一些非谓语形式 I

    33、 had the note _(send) to him. He had his pockets _(pick) yesterday. He thought he had have everything _(fix) up.,shut,crying,unfinished,sent,picked,fixed,8. 分词作宾补,The teacher had the pupil _(clean) the room. The officer had the soldiers _(stand) at attention. It is not proper to have the students _(

    34、do) homework all the time. I cant have you _ (shout) at me that way. I wont have anything _ (say) against me.,clean,stand,doing,shouting,said,8. 分词作宾补,have解释为“有”,常用不定式作定语修饰“有”后面的名词 I have a letter to write. 你有可以写字的钢笔么?,Do you have a pen to write with?,I am going out. 你有什么东西要买吗?,Do you have anything

    35、to be bought?,8. 分词作宾补,3) catch, find I caught him _ (steal). I found him _ (sleep) in the sofa. I found my wallet _(steal). I found a boy _ (sit) in the corner. I found a boy _(seat) in the corner.,stealing,He was caught stealing.,sleeping,stolen,sitting,seated,8. 分词作宾补,4) with, without的独立结构with +

    36、n. + doing done to do,The road is beautiful, with trees and flowers _ (grow) well here and there. With night _(come) on, they went home. He was sleeping with the light _(burn) all the night. He left home, without a single word _(say). With a lot of homework _(do) this afternoon, I wont go to the cin

    37、ema.,growing,coming,burning,said,to do,8. 分词作宾补,with + n. + adj. adv.prep phr. He came out, with an umbrella in his hand.=umbrella in hand The guards stood at attention, with guns on their shoulders. =,guns on shoulders,老师进来了,手上拿着书。 他踏上了舞台,满脸通红。 灯亮着,他睡着了。,The teacher came in, with a book in his hand

    38、.,book in hand.,He stepped onto the stage, with her face red.,With the light on, he fell asleep.,分词和不定式作宾补的意义区别,1) 现在分词表示动作正在进行,强调过程,不定式表示动作全过程。 I saw the man climbing over the wall. I saw the man climb over the wall. I saw her coming in. I saw her come in.,分词和不定式作宾补的意义区别,2) 现在分词表示反复的动作,不定式表示一次性的动作。

    39、 I saw the boys jumping with joy. I saw the boys jump onto the stage. 3) 过去分词作宾补表示与宾语的关系是被动或表示状态。 I heard the song sung several times last week. I found the train gone. We keep the door closed.,9. 分词作表语,The story was moving. I was moved by the story.The window was broken by the boy. The window is broken.,9. 分词作表语,His words were _(encourage). We were greatly _(encourage).I was once _ (lose) in the city. The days are _ (go) when we were together.,encouraging,encouraged,lost,gone,The End,

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