1、TEM 4 Grammar & Vocabulary(一),2010年3月19日,语法部分,30道题/15分 分句 虚拟语气 非谓语 时态 情态动词 比较级 限定词 主谓一致 反意疑问句 倒装 省略 其他,复合句,主句,从句,名词性从句,关系从句,状语从句,状语从句,状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句,状语从句,1，条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition,If,unless,as long as,so long as,on con
2、dition that,in the event that,provided/providing (that),given that,suppose/supposing that,assuming(that),say,25, he ought not to be idle. A. whatever a rich man may be B, however may be a rich man C. Be a man ever so rich D.To be a man ever so rich,C,2,让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession,Though/al
3、though Even if/even though No matter what/who/when Whatever/whoever/whenever- In spite of the fact that While Much as For all that As/though Granted/granting(that) 23,退一步说“尽管”或“即使”，,4.No sooner he went away again. A. have he arrived than B. did he arrive when C. had he arrived than D. had he arrived
4、 when,C,13.Hardly a student came to visit her. A. did she go out when B. had she gone out when C. did she go out when D. had she gone out than,B,3,时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time,当-的时候：When, while, as,just as, next time, the last time, each time, every time, whenever 时间先后：Before, after 一就-As soon as
5、, once, hardlywhen/before, scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan, directly, immediately, instantly, the moment/second/minute,=as soon as,我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。 As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started. Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started. No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the
6、 bus started.,1. A man without love is a home than a man without soul. A. no much B. not so C. much more D. no more,D,6.Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere. A. as it is B. so is C. the same is D. and so is,B,9.Its not so much that the machine is out of order I have not learned to
7、 operate it. A.than B.so C.as D.that,as,4,比较状语从句 adverbial clause of comparison,The more/lessthe more/less 越-，越- Just asso 正如-，-也- A is to B what/as C is to D A之于B就如C之于D一样 As A is to B,(so)C is to D 正如A之于B，C也之于D No (not any) morethan:-与都不- No (not any) lessthan：-与都- Not so muchas 与其说-，不如说-,3. grains
8、 formed the chief means of living n a primitive society, it could not afford to be used for other purpose. A. In as much as B, As much as C. As long as D. For as much as,A,10.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. A. that B
9、. so that C. now that D. in that,D,15. we have got everything prepared, we should begin the project at once. A. as long as B. In that C. Much as D. Now that,D,5,原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause,As由于 Because因为因为 Since既然 Now that既然 Considering (that)鉴于，顾及到,Seeing (that)鉴于 in as /so much as因为 not becau
10、se-but because不是因为而是因为 in that 因为，在于,Because, since, as, for的区别,6,方式状语从句,As-/(just)asso-/as if-/as though/the way,7,结果状语从句,So-that-/such-that/with the result that/so much so that/to the degree that/to the extent that/to such a degree thatTom longs to visit the Great Wall, so much so that he dreams a
11、bout it every day. Lily likes hamburgers so much so that he eats them almost every day.,与目的状语从句区别,目的状语从句,So that, in order that, for the purpose that, in case, in the hope that 24,the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator, the trade wind causes a flow of water to the West. What That When where,D,8,地点状语
12、从句,Where/wherever/anywhere/everywhere,9,对比状语从句,While/whereas,1, dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. A.although B. whatever C. As D However 2. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, that he paid me back the following week. A. on occasion B. on purpose C
13、 on condition D only if,3. , Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. A. although he is a socialistb. even if he is a socialistc being a socialist d since he is a socialist,I like economics, I like sociology much better. A . As much as b so much c how much d much as Does Alan like h
14、amburgers? Yes. So much that he eats them almost every day. A. for b. as c. to d so,The experiment requires more money than A. have been put in B. being put in C. has been put in D. to be put in,She did her work her manager had instructed. A, as B until C when D though,Barry had an advantage over hi
15、s mother he could speak French A, since that B in that C. at that D. so that,一，虚拟语气,34.The same thing, happening in war time, great disaster. A. will amount to B. would amount to C. amounted to D. would have amounted to,B,1.推测虚拟条件句,指对未来的事情进行虚拟推测，讲话人认为实现的可能性较小。与将来事实相反的虚拟形式适用于推测虚拟条件句。,26.If we about i
16、t last time we had the meeting, we what to do now. A. discussed, know B. had discussed, know C. discussed, would know D. had discussed, would know,D,28.If I you, I that exciting film last month. A.was ,didnt miss B.was,hadnt missed C.were,wouldnt have missed D.were,hadnt missed.,C,35. the doctor rig
17、ht away, he now. A. Did he go to ,might be alive B. Had he gone to, might have been C. Did he go to, might have been alive D. Had he gone to, might be alive,D,2.错综时间条件句,如果我是你，我昨晚不会和他出去。 If I were you, I wouldnt have gone out with him last night. 如果我今天早上吃了早餐，我现在不会这么饿。 If I had had breakfast this morn
18、ing, I would not be so hungry now.,33.I dont know he ,otherwise I . A.were a liar,wouldnt believe him B.was a liar, wouldnt believe him C.were a liar, wouldnt have believed him D.was a liar, wuoldnt have believed him,D,3.含蓄条件句,but for(要不是）/without,with,or(否则）/otherwise(否则）/in case of(在情况下，如果)/under
19、the /such circumstances(在-情况下）/ what if(如果-将） I would have passed the exam.(if I worked harder. A wise man wouldnt have done that(if he were a wise man) But for his fathers encouragement, he wouldnt have won the first prize. Under such circumstances I would probably have said the same. With better e
20、quipment, we would have succeeded.,4.比较级,A more careful person would not have made such kind of mistakes. Anyone who had been in your case would have done the same. Having arrived on time, she would have seen his father.,I think its high time that you measures to handle it. A. should take B. take C.
21、 took D. would take,C,5.在固定句型It is (high/about) time-中，谓语动词使用过去时，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而现在有些晚了”。 你早该告诉我了。 Its high time you told me about it.,Its astonishing that she the secret from her husband all through her lifetime. A. keep B. has kept C. have kept D. should have kept,D,6.在Its amazing/surprising/od
22、d/strange/not good/wrong/incredible/inconceivable/a pity/a shame-that-结构中的从句谓语要用 Should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词），表示说话人的惊讶，失望，懊悔等情感。 小孩子在小学就有这么多作业是不好的。 Its not good that the children in this primary school should be given so much homework to do. 他在这么多时间学了这么长的文章，真是令人吃惊。 It is amazing that he should hav
23、e learnt such a long essay by heart in such a short time.,27.The teacher asked that thestudents a pencil in the examination. A.didnt use B.wouldnt use C.not use D.dont use,C,31.He reminded me twice of it lest I . A. forget B. would forget C. forgot D. will forget 在引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词通常用(should)+动词原形的虚拟形
24、式。 她不让她妹妹出去，以免染上感冒。 She didnt allow her little sister go out lest she (should) catch flu.,A,7，几种常用（should）+动词原形）的结构,1，表示“命令，建议，请求，意愿，主张，目的”等意义的词时，需使用虚拟语气，通常用(should)+动词原形“的形式，should可以省略。 2，It is+形容词+that从句 3,It is a pity/shame/no wonder/ones wish+that 4,以lest,in case,for fear that(以免）引导的目的状语从句,32. y
25、our timely help, I . A. If it were not for, would have gone bankrupt B. But for, would go bankrupt C. If it had not been for, would go bankrupt D. But for, would have gone bankrupt.,D,But for=if it were not for-(与现在事实相反）=if it had not been for(与过去事实相反） 如果没有水和空气，任何东西都不能在世界上生存。 But for water and air,
26、nothing could live in the world. =If it were not for water and air, nothing could live in the world. But for his fathers encouragement, he wouldnt have won the first prize. =If it had not been for his fathers encouragement, he wouldnt have won the first prize.,but that-,要是没有下这么大的雨，她早到了。 She would ha
27、ve arrived earlier but that it rained heavily. =-/but for+名词结构 But for the heavy rain, she would have arrived earlier.,8，由某些连词、介词或介词短语引出的虚拟条件句,明显表示假设的连词/介词：but for(若非）, but that（若非）, on condition that（如果）, supposing（假若）, provided（倘若）, providing（倘若）, unless（除非）, without（若没有）, whether（无论） 动词谓语用过去时，或sh
28、ould/would/could/might+v. Should/woud/could/might+have done,9.特殊结构,1）as if/as though 2)wish 3)if only 4)had hoped 5),would rather/sooner/as soon,1）. as if/as though引起的虚拟方式状语从句 对现在的假设，用过去式，be用were 对过去的假设，用过去完成时 对未来的假设，用would+动词原形,Robert wishes now that he French instead of German when he in high scho
29、ol. A. studies, was B. studied, were C. had studied, was D. had studied, were,C,2）,由wish引导的从句需要用虚拟语气，通常用过去时态表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟，用would+动词原形“表示对将来的虚拟。 我希望我能给像小鸟一样飞翔。 I wish I could fly like a bird. 我希望我没把电脑借给了他。 I wish I hadnt lent him my computer. 我希望我能担负环游世界的费用。 I wish I would afford to travel
30、the whole world.,30.If only we earlier. A. saw him through B. had seen him through C. would see him through D. should see him through,B,3）.If only引导的从句表示没有实现的愿望或遗憾，需要使用虚拟语气。通常用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。(规则同wish） 要是我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔该多好啊！ If only I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 如果我早
31、知道就好了，可以停下来。 If only I had known it earlier and I could have stopped it.,4）.had hoped表示未实现的愿望或令人失望的事情“本来希望-”从句谓语用would+动词原形 His father had hoped that he would go into business. 我本来希望她能给我回信。 I had hoped that she would answer my letter.,I would sooner he the wall red next time. A. paint B. would paint
32、 C. will paint D. painted,D,29.Id rather you just in bed and anything for at least one weak. A. stayed, dont B. stay, dont C. stayed, wouldnt do D. stayed, didnt do,D,5）,在would rather, had rather, would sooner引导的从句中要用虚拟语气，用过去时表示现在或将来的情况，用过去时表示过去的情况、希望或委婉的责备。 我宁愿你立即告诉我/早点告诉我。 Id rather you told me ab
33、out it right away. Id rather you told me about it earlier.,He a present for you except his wallet then. A. would buy, was stolen B. would have bought, had been stolen C. would have bought, was stolen D. would buy, had been stolen,C,6）.but/except+表示条件“但是，不巧的是”,在“but/except+表示条件”结构中，主句应使用虚拟语气。 具体而言，当表
34、示同现在事实相反的假设时，应用“would do(主句）+现在时陈述语气“的形式；当表示同过去事实相反的假设时，应用主句”would have done(主句)+but/except+过去时陈述语气“的形式。 我那天本来应该和她一块去，但是我生病了。 I would have gone with her that day but/except I was ill.,1.If only the patient a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. A. had re
35、ceived B. received C should receive D. were receiving,2.He would have finished his college education, but he to quit and find a job to support his family. A. had had B. has C. had D. would have,3. It is absolutely essential that William his study in spite of learning difficulties. A. will continue B
36、. continued C. continue D. continues,4. If only I play thee guitar as well as you. A. would B. could C. should D. might,5. Its high time we cutting down the rainforests. A stopped B had to stop C. shall stop D. stop,6.Itis imperative that the government more investment into the shipbuilding industry
37、. A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract,7. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were,8.That as not the first time he us. I think its high time we strong actions against him. A. betr
38、ayed,take B. had betrayed, took C. has betrayed. Took D. has betrayed. take,9. if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? A would you be surprised B. were you surprised C. had you been surprised D. would you have been surprised,10. It is imperative that student their term papers
39、 on time. A. hand in B. would hand in C have to hand in D handed in,11. What courses are you going to do next semester? I dont know. But it is about time on something A. I d decide B I decided C I decide D. I m deciding,12. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there quite such a crowd of people there. A. werent B hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be,
