1、英汉对比: 静态与动态,用名词来表达属于动词、形容词、甚至副词所表达的概念 由动词派生的名词 （worker, government,examination, ) 名词优势造出介词优势 Is this train for Chicago? The machine is in operation.,动词的虚化与弱化 It is there is, Have a break/quarrel, do so some cleaning, make an investigation 汉语的动态 多动词谓语 动词词组可充当句子的各种成分 来的来，去的去,conversion:名词转变为动词,The int
2、ernational food shortage had a dire-ct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries. 由于世界普遍缺乏粮食，这就直接影响到科威特和其它不毛的沙漠国家。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙,The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli with
3、drawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israelis right to exist. 联合国文件要求在以色利撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色利的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。,Ordinarily a territorial claim requires physical possession of the territory by one or more explorers. 在一般情况下，提出任何一种领土要求都需要由一个或更多个先驱者实地占有这块土地。 Nuclear warfare would lea
4、ve no time for the old-style mobilization of the armed forces. 核战争将不让你有时间照老样子按部就班地动员武装部队。,Of 或所有格并非总是表示所属关系 the occupation of the land（动宾） the city of Shanghai（同谓语） The Prime Ministers arrival The criminals punishment Newtons law Mens clothes,An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study
5、of current affairs. 读一点世界史对学习时事是有帮助的 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。,I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I 我未必会教你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。 Some of my classmates are good singers Mao Amin is
6、a well-known singer. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.,Tobacco and smoking were the subject of 413 broadcast news stories during the year. 那一年里,广播新闻报道提及烟草和烟草工业413次。 Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry. 如果我们测得地震的走时和振幅,就能确定地表岩石土壤的几何图形。,名词转译
7、成形容词,The security and the warmth of the destroyers sick bay were wonderful. 驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了 As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 他对这城市完全陌生 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。,副词转译为动词,The sea thundered on, over and
8、past, and as it roared by it revealed a hideous sight. 海浪狂啸着滚来，如泰山压顶一般，又怒吼着滚远，巨浪过处，一片狼藉 Motor vehicles will increasingly pollute poor cities. 在落后的城市，机动车造成的污染日益增加,形容词转译为动词,They were suspicious and resentful of him 他们不信任他，讨厌他 If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible to
9、study nuclear physics. 如果我们不知道原子的结构，就不能研究核物理。,The following plan may become available during the next decade. 下列计划在10年间可能实现。 Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America. 类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。Salt and Sugar are both soluble in water. 盐和糖都溶于水。,Heat is a form of energy
10、into which all other forms are convertible. 热是能的一种形式，其他一切形式的能都能转化为热能 When is the next earthquake due? 下次地震将在什么时候发生？,Be destructive of 有害于 Be devoid of 缺少乏 Be pregnant with 包含 Be subject to 易于，受支配 Be responsible for 担负，负责 Perpendicular 垂直于 Relative to和有关,介词转译为动词,Public opinion was against the proposa
11、l. 舆论都反对这个提议。 Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building. 他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦,Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞， 靠微弱的灯光，长时间工作 With these words, she went away. He has someon
12、e behind him. 有人在给他撑腰,Heat sets these particles in random motion 热量使这些粒子作随机运动。 The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force 通常用E这个字母表示电动势。,转译成名词,Formality has always characterized their relationship 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustrations, the embo
13、diment of all evils 随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成了一切坏事的化身,Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions. 美国大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后在大气层中焚毁。 The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 海军现在摆下阵势，防卫太平洋和大西洋,He was always sm
14、artly dressed. 他穿着一直很考究。 He looked and talked like an American. 他外表和谈吐都象个美国人。,He objected that the plan is impractical 他反对的理由是这个计划不实际 The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity 设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高,形容词转译成名词,Stevenson was eloquent and elega
15、nt-but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱 The Wilde family were religious. 王尔德一家人都是虔诚的教徒 Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人,形容词，副词转换,We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague. 我们短短地不安地睡了几次，
16、 竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播 This is sheer nonsense 这完全是胡说 Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利显然属于少数,副词形容词转换,The president had prepared meticulously for his journey. 总统为这次出访作了周密的准备 The movie impressed him deeply 这部电影给了他深刻的印象 I suppose boys think differently from girls 男孩子的思维方式和女孩子是不一样的,副词，名词转换,They have not
17、done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好 He is physically weak but mentally sound 他身体虽弱，但思想健康 The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。,When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonis
18、t, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor 只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来 I had the fortune to meet him 我很幸运地遇到他。,换形译法,His brother is thirty years old now. 她哥哥今年已到而立之年 He has spent about three quarters of a year on his research 他花了九个月时间作研究 Four scores and seven years ago our father
19、s brought forth on this continent a new nation 87年前，我们的祖先在这块大陆上创建了一个新的国家,汉英翻译中的词类转换,国有企业改革是一项艰巨的任务,必须解放思想,勇于探索,大胆实践,采取有力措施 Reform of the state enterprise is a very difficult and complex task which demands the emancipation of minds and bold exploration in both theory and practice, strong measures.,中国
20、政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。 The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries. The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.,禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。 译文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to spli
21、t the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets. 译文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets,在当今的中国，建设法治国家已成为一种浓重的社会诉求。立法速度不断加快，法治制度不断健全，司法改革不断推进， 法学教育不断发展，这无疑标志着中国正在向法治社会大步迈进 In contemporary China, the establishment of a law governed national state has alrea
22、dy become an urgent appeal. The acceleration of legislation, the perfection of the legal system, the promotion of legal reform and the steady development of legal education all these undoubtedly combine to mark the big strides of the nation towards a law governed society,其它词性转换,我常常梦想着能建立一家大公司 It has
23、 been my constant dream to establish a large company 这种词典目下没货，你可以预定。一旦有货，我们会立即通知你 The dictionary is not in stock at the moment, but you can place an order here. We will inform you as soon as it is available.,他正在找另一份工作呢。 He is between jobs 在当班 on duty 在吃饭 at table 孩子醒了 The baby is awake 会议开完了 The meeting is over.,立正！ Attention! 向右看齐！ Eyes right! 向前看！ Eyes front! 稍息！ At ease!,举起手来！ Hands up! 我们在洗耳恭听！ We are all ears 发生了什么事？ Whats up? 下课 Class is over,
