1、Engineering,工程学,Pa 1,Put to useutilize We shall put it to good use. 我们将好好利用它。 Have a role inplay a role in 起作用，发挥作用 Headmaster has a strong role in education,The function of role,Pa 2 engineering covers various kinds of activities,A variety of a series of All of them arrived late for a variety of re
2、asons. 由于种种原因,他们都来晚了。 Reachareas (江、河的)一段流域;地带;大片地区C the upper reaches of the river 河的上游地区,Pa 3,Ingenuity: ,indinju:iti心灵手巧;独创性;足智多谋 She had the ingenuity to succeed where everyone else had failed. 她真是心灵手巧,别人办不到的事她却做成了。 The history of engineering is the record of human ingenuity through the ages. 工程
3、学的历史就是人类世世代代匠心的独运记录。,Adapt：dpt使适应,使适合(+to) utilize 1. He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己适应新的情况。 2. 改编,改写(+for) The author is going to adapt his play for television. 作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。 Giza-The Great Pyramid of Giza (called the Pyramid of Khufu) is the oldest and largest of the
4、 three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt.吉萨，就是胡夫大金字塔所在地,The history of engineering,Pa 4,Harness：h:nis治理,利用;控制,驾驭 They will harness the suns energy to heat homes. 他们将利用太阳能为住宅供暖。 Provide sb with sth.provide sth for sb He provided me with a lot of useful information.T
5、hey provided information for me.The growing interest in new types of machines and new sources of power to drive them helped bring about the Industrial Revolution if 1700s and 1800s, during which, their role expanded rapidly.,对新型机械和驱动这些机械的动力源不断增长的兴趣促使他们引发了18和19世纪的工业革命。,Pa 5 branches of engineering,Di
6、stinct branches: obvious, clear, different Civil engineer：土木工程 Emerge: im:d浮现;出现(+from/out of) The moon emerged from behind a cloud. 月亮从云层后面钻了出来。 Mechanical engineer emerged as specialists in industrial machinery, and mining and metallurgical engineers were needed to supply metals and fuels. 机械工程师是指
7、工业机械方面的专家，而金属和燃料方面的供应则需要采矿和冶金工程师。,Pa 6 The development of engineering,The number ofthe amount of 数量 The number of the apples is 40. A number of lots of There are a number of ants on the ground.地上有很多蚂蚁 breakthrough: creativity, originality Expertise：,eksp:ti:z专门知识;专门技术 They face the challenging task
8、of keeping pace with the latest advances while working to shape the technology of the future. 在致力于未来技术发展的同时，他们面临着跟上最新技术的挑战。,Pa 7 The function of engineering,Others are responsible for turning plans and specifications for new structures, machines or systems into reality. 有的工程师可能负责将新结构、新机械和新系统的设计及说明付诸
9、于实施。 Work on-从事于，努力做 Im working on a new book.,Pa 8 qualification for engineering,Meet the deadlinefinish in time Can you meet the deadline? 你能按时完成吗 In addition, skill in directing and supervising other workers is an important part of many engineering jobs. 另外对于很多工程任务，指挥和监督其他工作人员的技巧也是很重要的。,Exercise:
10、 II,1. engineering is the profession that puts scientific knowledge to practical use. 2. engineering has a long history and represents peoples creativeness. Even in prehistoric times people began to use simple engineering techniques, and there are many ancient engineering feats which prove their ski
11、lls. 3. it was in the 1700s and 1800s.,4. James Watt. 5. because science and technology are progressing and changing rapidly, they have to study in order to keep pace with the latest advances.,III Vocabulary A,C Fill in the blanks with the proper word.,1. range 2. monumental 3. Load 4. Practical 5.
12、Reduce,6. Expanded 7. Distinct 8. Process 9. Career 10. Specification,IV Translation,1. 工程师在绝大部分现代科技的创新中发挥直接的作用，例如，为使生活更轻松自如，我们靠他们才有了工具、材料、技术和能源等。 2. 他们开发复杂的科学设备来勘探外层空间和海洋深处。 3. 他们致力于减少环境污染，增加世界粮食的供应，以及使运输更加快捷和安全。 4. 公元前26世纪，在吉扎建造的巨大的埃及金字塔是古代最伟大的工程奇迹之一。 5. 对新型机械和驱动这些机械的动力源不断增长的兴趣引发了18和19世纪的工业革命。在工业革
13、命时期，工程师的作用得到迅速扩展。,B,1. 一个健壮结实的孩子 A sturdy child 2. 利用河流发电 To harness the river 3. 在史前时期 in prehistoric times 4. 使他成为合格的工程师 To qualify him for an engineer 5. 对知识充满好奇心 To be curious about knowledge 6. 按时完成工作 To meet the deadline,C,1. Its obvious that it is no use arguing with him. 2. He played the rol
14、e of the old king in our school play. 3. This photograph makes her look very young. 4. He assisted the professor in compiling the dictionary. 5. Please make sure that the house is locked up before you leave.,Grammar: gerund,动名词,动名词的定义,它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语
15、等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。,动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）,注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing,V-ing形式的构成方式：,1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾 ing。 eg. go going; do doing; ask asking; read - reading study studying; carry carrying; fly flying; worry worrying; 2.在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come coming live living dance dancing make makin
16、g 3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加 ing. sit sitting; run running; begin beginning; forget forgetting 4.在少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作y，再加- ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明) eg. die dying; tie tying lie lying,动名词能在句中充当什么成分？,动名词的基本用法,用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous.Climbi
17、ng mountains is really fun. 注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。 1)It is no use/ good / useless + doing 2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收）There is no joking about the matter.It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。,2.
18、用作宾语,1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on,
19、 cant stand, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如： They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。,为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：,后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：,避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅
20、忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid, miss, postpone/put off,suggest, finish, practice,enjoy, imagine, cant help,admit, deny, envy,escape, risk, excuse,stand, keep, mind,2）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？ Des
21、pite lacking money, his parents sent him to a good university.He was late again because of getting up late.Lock the doors and windows before going out. What/How about the two of us playing games？,注意：to 在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/get used to look forward toget down to pay attention todevote oneself to lea
22、d to contribute to object to（反对）Lets get down to preparing for the exam.,动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：give up, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, think of，insist on等 She cant help crying at the sad sight. Do you feel like having a break? 4) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mea
23、n, try等，但表达的意义不同。I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生),1remember/forget/ regret,to do 动作尚未发生,doing 动作已经发生,2. try,to do 设法、努力去做，尽力,doing 试试去做（看有何结果）,3. mean,to do 打算做（主语一般是人）,doing 意味着（主语一般是物）,4.regret,to do对将要做的事抱歉,doing 对已经发
24、生的事感到后悔,Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.),作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。,）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构 Would you mind _（我开窗户吗）？
25、 Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语 I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife. I cant understand his/him leaving his wife. Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. 动名词的逻辑主语 动名词动名词的复合结构,动名词的几个注意事项,2. 动名词的被动形式: being doneThe officers narrowly escaped _(kill) in the h
26、ot battle. 3. 动名词的否定形式：not doingnot having done You will be punished for not finishing your homework on time.,being killed,1.The news that our team had been defeated was disappointed. 2.Lucy dosent mind to lend you her MP3. 3.After take his measure, they decided to give him the position. 4.I still r
27、emember taken to Shanghai when I was a child.,disappointing,lending,taking,being,Correct the mistakes in each sentence.,6.I am not used to be spoken to like that. 7.We would appreciate to hear from you soon. 8.People sometimes cant help to buy something they wont need. 9.I can hardly imagine Peter s
28、ails across the river. 10.Tony was very unhappy for having not been invited to the party.,being,hearing,buying,sailing,not having,1. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldnt help _. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries2. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. to practise speaking B.
29、 practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak3. It is no use _ without doing. to promise B. promising C. promise D. to be promised,Translation,1. Translating this book is very difficult. 2. It is no use hurrying to the railway station. The train must have left. 3. We know that
30、he is very fond of collecting stamps. 4. Smoking is prohibited in the classroom. 5. Our task is increasing the production.,6. They objected to delaying the meeting until next week. 7. Do you mind my closing the window. 8. He avoided giving us a clear answer. 9. Are you interested in going to an English play? 10. His method of organizing the work is effective.,
