1、Unit 5,英汉同声传译的常用技巧（三） 转换,转换指的是同声传译中的词类变换。 英语非动词转成汉语动词是英汉词类转换中使用最多的类型。,核心例句,1. Every State is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security. 笔译： 每个国家是需要什么来保卫自己国家安全的最好判断者。 口译： 每个国家自己才能最好地判断需要什么来保卫自己的国家安全。2. The Chairman of the Working Group has given a report on the work of the
2、 group. 笔译： 工作小组的主席就小组的工作作了汇报。 口译： 工作小组主席汇报了该组的工作。,3. I hope my presence here tonight is further proof of the importance we in Britain attach to relations with your great country. 口译： 我希望我今晚到这里来就可以进一步证明，我们英国重视和你们伟大的国家的关系。4. Your historic 12th Congress has laid down new guidelines for your administra
3、tion and your plans for construction. 笔译： 你们历史性的第十二次代表大会为你们的政府管理和建设计划制定了新的方针。 口译： 你们历史性的第十二次代表大会制定了新的方针，指导政府管理和建设计划。,其他例句,1. They make full use of their time. 他们充分利用时间。2. Any attempt to spread rumors and deceive the world public opinion will be of no avail. 企图散布谣言欺骗世界舆论，这是不会得逞的。3. Implementation of
4、international human rights standards is extremely important. 贯彻国际人权标准十分重要。4. The Commission on Human rights is a unique world forum with the primary objective of which must be to make the enjoyment of human rights a reality for all people. 人权委员会是一个独特的世界论坛，其首要目标就是要使所有人都能真正享受人权。,5. In the information
5、field, instant and universal communication of large quantities of data is now the norm. 在信息领域，瞬间全球性地传递大量数据已司空见惯。6. Together with the Bretten Woods institutions, WTO has, as its mission, to take over the regulation and oversight of international trade relations. 与布雷顿深林机构一起，世界贸易组织的使命就是调节和监督国际贸易关系。7. W
6、e must realize the objective of effective prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of chemical weapons. 我们必须实现有效禁止研制，生产和储存化学武器的目标。8. We should try to know the availability of other comparable texts. 我们应力求搞清楚是否有其他可比较的案文。,9. A better knowledge of the local culture will help our work.
7、 更好地了解当地文化有助于我们的工作。10. In this context, the experts underlined the importance of UNCTADs work in the area of trade efficiency and the need to pursue the work undertaken by UNCTAD and its partners to promote the implementation of the Columbus Ministerial Declaration on Trade Efficiency and its recomm
8、endations. 在这方面，专家们强调了贸发会议在贸易效率方面工作的重要性，强调需要推动贸发会议及其伙伴所进行的工作，来推动执行“贸易效率问题哥伦布部长级宣言”及其建议。11. In the longer term, a fundamental rethinking of the role of the Council may be required, given the experience of the past 50 years and new economic and social realities. 长期来看，根本性地重新考虑理事会的作用也许是必要的，过去50年的经验和新的经济
9、与社会现实需要我们这样做。,12. How to facilitate the economic and institutional integration of developing countries into the world trading system is a major challenge for international economic cooperation. 如何在经济上，体制上便利发展中国家融入国际贸易体制是国际经济合作面临的重大挑战。13. The delegation was accompanied by an United Nations officer an
10、d three non-combat military policemen. 陪同代表团的是一位联合国官员和三名非战斗人员的军事警察。14. They want to use military force against so-called terrorist countries. 他们要用军事力量来对付那些所谓的恐怖主义国家。15. You and your country waged a long struggle for social justice. 您和贵国进行了长期斗争以争取社会正义。,16. Because of our historical experience and our
11、 active participation in the Commonwealth, Britain is responsive to the concern, particularly the economic concerns, of the developing countries. 由于我们的历史经验，也由于我们积极参与英联邦事务，英国是非常关心发展中国家所关切的问题，特别是经济问题。17. The weight of this factor is best measured by the fact that trade among the members of regional gr
12、oupings already accounts for almost half of world trade. 此项因素的最好说明就是区域集团成员之间的贸易已经占了世界贸易的几乎一半。18. Reformers need tangible evidence of rising living standards. 改革者需要具体的证据，来证明人民生活水平日益提高。,19. This report provides certain policy orientation and guiding principles for this organizations actions over the n
13、ext five years. 这个报告提出了某些政策方向和指导原则，指导本组织今后五年的行动的工作。20. Negotiations are still going on over the future composition of the Committee. 谈判仍在进行之中，继续讨论委员会今后的组成问题。21. We have a growing habit of high-level exchanges on world problems and on bilateral issues. 我们日益养成高级会谈的习惯，探讨世界和双边问题。22. In order to be effec
14、tive, the United Nations human rights programme must achieve a higher degree of professionalism through both reform and reorganization of its structure. 为了提高效率，联合国人权方案必须达到更高的专业水准，方法是改革和重组结构。,23. China urged that further attention and impetus should be given to science and technology for development.
15、 中国呼吁进一步关注和推动科学技术促进发展问题。24. We should have a saner and more balanced view of our relations with our neighbours. 我们应该更明智，更平衡地看待我们与邻国的关系。25. As for the precise interpretation of the mandate of the organization, most delegations prefer the first option. 至于如何准确地解释该组织的职权，大部分代表团赞成第一种选择。26. Let history rat
16、her than the battlefield be the judge of their different ideas. 让历史而不是战场来最终判断不同思想。27. We can work out fairly plausible explanations for such major extinctions and for the continuing fast pace of evolution. 我们能够相当合理地解释这样的绝种问题以及生物进化步伐加快的问题。,请用转换的方法翻译下列句子：,1. We have not yet begun our discussions on Ho
17、ng Kong.2. The report includes a more detailed discussion of the entire set of reform measures.3. Investment liberalization has proceeded unevenly.4. The nature of development has changed dramatically and is now characterized by greater political and economic openness as well as sensitivity to socia
18、l and environmental concerns.5. All of this reflects the desire by many governments to have a range of opportunities for pushing forward with liberalization, rather than relying solely on global multilateralism.,6. The report comprises two parts. Part one contains an introduction, together with a th
19、ematic overview of the main reform elements.7. This country has taken giant steps forward on the path of democracy, equality and national reconciliation.8. Asia-Pacific region has become a major force for world economic growth.9. The talks are still going on over a number of controversial issues.10.
20、 The Economic and Social Council undertakes its assessment of the implementation of the relevant policy directives.,Memory training,北京奥运会 IOC Welcomes Lenovo to the Olympic Family,Note-taking,中国人民迎奥运 IOC President Rogges Video Message for Beijing 2008 Emblem Unveiling,Practice Interpreting,单句： 1. 要坚
21、持党的领导，必须改善党的领导。To uphold the Partys leadership calls for improving its leadership.2. 必须坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放。We must stick to the Four Cardinal Principles and press ahead with reform and opening-up.3. 我们坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。We adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace.4. 要实现人们思想和精神生活的全面发展。Efforts must b
22、e made to bring about an all-round development of their ideology and cultural life.5. 国有企业改革与脱困目标基本实现。The targets set for the reform of State-owned enterprises and lifting those enterprises out of difficulty have been met.6. 国家加大对教育的投入，积极为公民实现受教育创造条件。China has increased its investment in education t
23、o create favorable conditions for citizens to exercise their right to receive education.,7. 中国于1970年4成功地发射了第一颗人造卫星。China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite in April 1970. 8. 我们对两国关系的顺利发展，特别是经济技术合作的不断扩大，感到满意。We are gratified with the smooth development of relations between two c
24、ountries and particularly the steady growth of our economic and technological cooperation. 9. 在扩大进出口贸易，引进国外技术和设备，使用国外资金，取得咨询服务，培训技术人员和管理人员等方面，我们都愿同你们进行长期合作。We are disposed to cooperate with you on a long-term basis in terms of augmenting import and export trade， introducing foreign technology and eq
25、uipment， employing foreign funds， seeking consulting services， training technicians and managerial personnel and so on.,10. 自20世纪70年代末实行改革开放政策以来，中国服务行业平均每年以10.9%的幅度增长。Chinas service sector has grown at an overage annual rate of 10.9% since the establishment of the reform and opening-up policy in the
26、 late 1970s. 11. 我们从经济发展，文化建设，和对外关系三个方面回顾了中国一年来所取得的成就。We reviewed Chinas progress of the previous year in respect of economic growth， cultural development and foreign relations. 12. 在全球市场迅猛发展的今天，贸易投资自由化和便利化的重要性变得更加突出。Trade and investment liberalization and facilitation have taken on increased import
27、ance at a time when rapid changes are reshaping the global market place.,13. Approximately 50 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce. In many cases, single-parent families are created, where one parent, usually the mother, takes responsibility for raising the children. Many people believe
28、 that its better for children to live in peace with a single parent than to live with both parents when the marriage is unhappy. However, others feel that the presence of both parents is very important for raising children at least financially, and point out that single-parent families are often poo
29、rer than two-parent families. It is difficult and challenging to be a parent today, and it is even more difficult to raise children alone. Parents are often overwhelmed and lacking the parenting skills necessary to do a good job.,美国大约有50%的婚姻以离婚而告终。在很多情况下，单亲家庭由此产生。在单亲家庭中，由父母单方，通常是母亲负责抚养孩子。很多人认为，对孩子来说
30、，生活在一个平静的单亲家庭，要比生活在婚姻不和的双亲家庭中更好。 然而，也有一些人认为双亲家庭对于抚养孩子是很重要的，至少在经济上来说是这样的。他们指出，单亲家庭往往要比双亲家庭贫穷。为人父母如今既困难又富有挑战性，而一个人抚养孩子就更困难了。父母往往感到茫然，缺少必要的育儿技巧以尽父母之责。,14. I want to thank Mr. Chairman for giving me the opportunity to talk on the environmental issues of today. I am really proud to address this group, as
31、 you are at the frontlines of the battle to save the world. Time is not on our side. We need to keep moving forward and we need to move fast. We are at a crucial point in the worlds history: our oceans and forests are suffering, species are disappearing, the climate is changing. Around the world, bi
32、llions of our fellow human beings lack the most basic requirements of health and dignity.,我想要感谢主席先生给我这个机会谈论今天的环境问题。能够给在座各位做演讲，我真的感到十分自豪，因为你们处于拯救世界的战斗的前线。时不我待，我们必须不断前进，迅速行动。我们正处于一个世界历史的关键时刻，我们的海洋和森林正遭到破坏，物种在逐渐消失，气候发生着变化。全球几十亿人缺乏满足健康与尊严的基本生活条件。 分析：今年以来，类似环保、新能源、高科技这样的话题层出不穷，成为人们日常生活茶余饭后的热点话题，而这种趋势也越来越
33、明显地在最近几年的高口题目当中显现。本段中出现了一系列并列结构，包括海洋和森林正遭到破坏，物种在逐渐消失，气候发生着变化等等现象。,口译中需要强记的词组,face severe challenges 面临严峻挑战 acutely aware 清醒地看到 ecological deterioration 生态恶化 strengthen the awareness 提高意识 respect each other 相互尊重 seek the common ground while putting aside difference 求同存异 enjoy equality and mutual bene
34、fits 平等互利 complement each others advantages 优势互补 learn each others experience 借鉴经验 expand the cooperation 拓展合作 stand from the present 立足当前 look forward to the future 着眼未来 take the opportunity of this seminar 以此会议为契机 lag behind 滞后 the transition of mechanism is slow 转轨建制过程缓慢 draw lessons from the pas
35、t 总结经验教训 community development oriented 以发展社区为宗旨的 deserved winners 当之无愧的获奖者 ethnic minorities 少数民族 gainful employment 有报酬的,口语题,Topic: going west 1. What prompts students to go west? What are the possible difficulties if they work in rural areas? 2. Have you ever considered going west? Why or why not? 3. There are many polices issued by the government in regard to the people who volunteer to go west. In your opinion, what should the government do to help these students?,
