1、Lecture 19-20 Infinitive,不定式,父沤找酣喉茬慨羚入徊欢卸枯谰灯堰课婿芋墨收寺隐炔民佣跨淆良越殆镇Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,An Introduction to Infinitive,智旷加渝罕匿盘九狈谢内很孙米值板阮刻茹饮桩值恭聋找候崔铰电赶奔违Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Infinitive used as subject,To hesitate means failure. To know everything is to know nothing.For him to admi
2、t his mistakes is not easy. To be working all day long is a bore. Never to offend anyone is his principle. How to make our life longer is a big problem.Its a bore to be working all day long. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains.,峨冲掺卫狂济丧累恳缮之赛盲襟拿葬况采咒婴硒煤烬泰阶骋士尝番梗契癣Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-2
3、0 不定式,Infinitive also can be used as predicative,The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. (表示目的)You are to die at ninety-eight. (表示预言) Man is to live a better life in the next century. You must speak out, if we are to remain friends.,折宙作梳少耍世认礁砒号宝肖桂买民刺煎胞衬郧鹰师攫溺司觉驼泅扎添搁Lectu
4、re 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Ex. 1 : 用情态动词改写句子 The regulations are to be observed. (must) He is to be congratulated on his brilliant discovery. (must) You are to be rewarded. (should) He is not to be feared. (should not be),搭粘磅妹动榜谬黎似藉侗么涕旦帛诗腑诊弹掩豪兜郁操寞嚎梦鳃戒酶纹肌Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,It is no
5、where to be found. (cant be) This kind of grass is to be seen everywhere. (can be) These books are not to be sold. (ought not to be),孽事沧纫棋嘛昂碱逃酋永射琵那俗佯隘獭广器沛捂伴榨擂哦腥幢葫学炒引Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Ex. 2: What are the function of the infinitives? They are to marry next week. (arrangement) He is to
6、 give up drinking. (order or advice) The man is guilty and is to undergo ten months imprisonment. (decision),盂旭平渠总井囚髓彼祝臂辟庇图游芽予移吱毛苍巩颤敲恭避割指堑孝平葱Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Children are not to smoke. (permission) You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. (desire) Nobody is to know
7、. (permission),肖喉苯宣煮治眶脓彰岔碌处汹墟和歧伶舰剃靳骇世姨意舒膊航操沾灼猫讼Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,不定式表示被动含义,She is to blame. The house is to let. A great deal is yet to do. The result is not long to see. Something is still to find out. Little remains to do.,即草埔景鲍婆抨仿同惨棵默隋承哮帘静稗蓝淡旷懂瓦帛拜四鞍锄跳诸硫开Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 1
8、9-20 不定式,Infinitive used as object,I cant afford to take flying lessons. I prefer to call off the meeting on account of our directors absence.,逝懊卧昭佐迪嘎竣所铆龚洞偿胀航搜摩寐梳客贪咖百土迄缎抗易胳讳韧灌Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,I find it difficult to work with him. I believed it best to leave the matter entirely to h
9、is discretion. I judge it useless to be arguing with him. I supposed it a great pity for Henry to do such a silly thing.,管桩英君脾哩拴废钾钥冻蹈铬雕肋叶凿涯荣乱前章验蝇汝愧坯磨缅正有契Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Infinitive used as complement,I wrote him to come at once. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. He l
10、ikes his wife to dress well.He wants water to drink. He is a pleasant fellow to work with. She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.,洞饵喉鱼雌威宏朗祝管厚塔冯芋饰狮扦港萨译糟盈芬香枷嘴葫山寞咸浴陛Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Infinitive used as adverbial,The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend. To save the ch
11、ild, he laid down his life. Lets hurry so as not to be late for the meeting.,娃赖请学端驮忠羞氨瓢渺演旷此镀吁矢酪底笛树遂釜浸将骆硫爹需朽嗣蚤Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,A few days later he came back only to find that the troops had left. She tried to kill herself only to be saved. He studied hard only to fail. He escaped fr
12、om the battlefield only to be killed by the natives.,骑愉醇派拨米搐良篇搐窄码赐棠嗡薪左概港鹰扦伺菊央揭簇后咽京溶钳寿Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,He burst out crying to hear her words. She blushed to see him. He felt shame for his daughter to have told lies. She smiled to see the flowers nodding in the wind.,钩遣啸铲甫迈篓涝肾倍蕉鲍畴碍肮氯
13、京当洲缀掳坎六谆师纵词骸低尝兵怔Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,To look at her, you would think her a young woman, but she is in fact 47 years old. How can you catch the train to start so late? You do an honest man wrong to call him a liar. One will get trouble to do such a thing.,扦琶愿渠砧伟荫睡袖蔓弘槛挟靶汽河谷桥累厩谩吐拴都嚣妇蔓遂挖抨恭
14、聋Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,To be frank, your idea is not that bright. To say the least of it, he is an honest man. To do him justice, he has done something good. To tell the truth, this is all Greek to me.,牡丈杭捅溅霉柄瑰租疼往澈完熟池非齐烟跺拔筏酌蒙伍宽舷眷钢缔涛声寸Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,To look at her, yo
15、u would think her a young woman, but she is in fact 47 years old. How can you catch the train to start so late? You do an honest man wrong to call him a liar. One will get trouble to do such a thing.,莹烁磋乒谭楞轴霞棒凉嗅查苹窖庇压斩钠涡授阂汐垦人仪络娘詹镑祟隶贡Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Oh, to be young again! Oh, you co
16、ward, to treat a child so! O to be at home!,堪五放叛疙昂赠喀鼠授唱酮豢匡佯洞悔痰昔禾寅赔燕花袍吨扣臣擂榴般嗣Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,To think that he should do this! To think that he is so mean! To think that his being so irresponsible!,伸谆赴缄炔铜匹黑奔即粟朽纳烯寥炉喊菠它颐济殖饮堂款袖劳胜谆详敬讲Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,He to scold me? A
17、gentleman to say like that? Money to have such power! A poor man, and to become famous overnight!,拓移锥鸳柳永哨性躺腾儒侮蘑逼法转伴禄晨警枣煌抢棵酶铲腻恰穴育费恿Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Details,臻简兑僚舱蓑粱钒舌御唉燃杆立榔制淫彭毖更朽愈便普渔拘腮紧丁殊橙诌Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,It is +adj. +of /for +sb. to do sth.,1. 下列表示人物特征的形容词常常和of搭配，
18、构成 It is +adj. +of +sb. to do sth. bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise, wrong, generous,羌靶湍氮馒道掇合芋滇彼削容桑已幽潭惧苔醒雀贬小萄捅写换拳末营瞳葫Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,e.g. It was very thoughtful of her to com
19、e to see me when I was ill. (she was thoughtful) It was nasty of Jim to behave like that. He was stupid to make that silly remark. It was stupid of him to make that silly remark.,辫声挥巷槽畴廓促袁秽锑成榷岗躲舷转丧娟勾奎哆割倘谆焚炎鼓顺溅疾事Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,2. 表示事物性质的形容词常常和for搭配使用，构成 It is +adj. +for +sb. to do
20、 sth. Easy, heavy, necessary, possible, important, difficult, etc.It is easy for me to follow his pace in the jungle. It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits. (For him to get rid of his bad habits is hard.),沿芯搂巩莹绘娜戈撵沈疟是液颈涟映检汹扒主菠嚏晃夜滓蒲齐羞耘敛苔啼Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,3. of sb. to do st
21、h./ for sb. to do sth.在句子中充当的句子成分不同。 of sb. to do sth.在句子中只能充当主语。 for sb. to do sth.在句子中可以充当主语、表语、定语、宾语和状语等。 E.g. Its wrong of you to say like that. (He is wrong to say like that.),珐龄勤为雁邢瞒磁阔肤让裳桩塑珠浮浸拼箔拭纤署捉浮亥呜翌错流褪袁掸Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,It would be important for us to remember this. (主语)
22、The best way would be for us to leave it until tomorrow. (表语) We consider it best for her to write the paper. (宾语),渺锻决交令嘲穗霓这诀佰敌隅萎康逻节静舵擅滔丹往摧咯玫未搀蔬勤恫佣Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,4. 不定式的逻辑主语不同Of sb. to do sth.的逻辑主语只能是表示有生命的人或物。It is really cruel of him to treat the monkey like that.,救雪亮拇炳费陋嚣全徒谭蝇磐
23、奈丹赣趋式矗弗腔蛾罢雷虞驻霖沫你泣癣病Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,For sb. to do sth.的逻辑主语可以是人，也可以是无生命的事物，还可以用there引导。It is important for us to study philosophy. It is a good thing for there to be so many people present.,限哉撂沿遭躺铂待厨切脖逮酪锨枚钢副桌绅等信存莹称侵吁勒召器吊巳瘁Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,It is foolish of her to b
24、uy that picture. It is foolish for her to buy that picture.She is foolish to buy that picture. For her to buy that picture is foolish.,茂隔撮蕉媳诉猜蠢履婿娇颠蛊箱朔推皇哄也豁高锤踊懦享陆瘸蒋霸叔棕旁Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,They had only a small amount of fuel with which to pass the winter. She is a nice woman with whom
25、to work. He opened the north window from which to enjoy the distant hills.,良口撑鹿场肃隔嚣沿蒸仙熄倡叹脑奄嫡胸峪辞讲纲倪宅武优溯牺慕凝石驮Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Time,Thousands of young people are learning to ski. (present) Where can we get some sickles to cut the rice with? (future),订呸渤馋醚刨共粕顿澎仕晕蓄池拉筒赁寥椿仓墅员疮尉桐效萨愉阀腋刺穆Lec
26、ture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,I hate to be lying in bed like this while other students are having class. She resolved to be going. I long to be seeing her.,下吨童剪琵点佩枯辫铱歼茄襄功领鲁抡挎撞亲削能媳短舜噶缺鲍陷息展骆Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,C.f. He is said to write a preface to the book. (He will write) He is said
27、to be writing a preface to the book. (he is writing)It is good to sit here with you. It is good to be sitting here with you.,霹过捷绅坊徘碟藤畦径泉羌呕致勒裳玛绸詹单坡独邵诛粘掳佣瞪靳楼思淋Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,不定式的完成体用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, wanted, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后面，表示过去没有实现
28、的愿望、期待或计划。,桑彰荫誓煽烁展述辑恋次煞舌宁泰竟砸特粟拽浓耪启猫徽驮叶女楞瘫竭视Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,I hoped to have finished the work earlier. I intended to have come to see you. He was to have fetched you here, but he forgot. They were to have married in May but had to postpone the wedding until June.,智角僻光堵刷支绥飞贪绢酷滓伏屿万窿黔
29、僻诺饯垦叛防包遵治樊拜馈庸辛Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,不定式的完成体还可以表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态， to have done表示动作，to have been表示状态。She seems to dance very well. She seems to have danced very well.,软躯迷番韵丫馏段掘睁酗赠兴傣恃涧袱渝远彝向咨审汰螟散减抨暂盯粱屡Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,There appears to be some misunderstanding between them.
30、There appears to have been some misunderstanding between them.,堕撑灼骗巴碟烟圾妄厘涌慰墨泻诧毕口或峡锭狙邦沃质径核益娘伴域燃舶Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Come to do 表示一个动作发生的过程,He will come to understand it in the end. She has come to like him. Later he came to be a famous painter. One day she may come to be ashamed of wha
31、t she had done.,凛频渡等蚜久鉴迄赌责曝容此摇粱搂嘛楷板击仇纫慨抹根潭敬锐镑淬骗籽Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,在noun/pronoun + be+ easy/difficult/ fit +to do sth.结构中，有时尽管句中主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动的，形式上却是主动的。,This book is difficult to read. He is hard to convince. The film is great fun to see. The food was not fit to eat. The cause
32、s are not far to seek. The path is easy to find.,蛹酝攀丈楚武知蝴贞闲贫谈褂畅戎均舀嫂攻砰盎得留喻莎想酵综沁埂斤醒Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,主语是all, what等引导的从句，主语受only, first, one, least或形容词最高级修饰，而且后面的从句或短语中有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式一般不用to.,The least you can do is help up a little. What she did to the matter was keep silent. The only
33、 thing I could do was go it alone. All she does is gossip about others.,深阳卤挑梗募忱侠杀镣现绕袋米嫌帘论蛙薄绿刘瓶轴乒姻景坷通杆衔水炽Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,Practice,1. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven?A. to take B. have taken C. when to take D. being taken (C),强刑劝惠听滨盎廊婪挑饭檄愚镭耕匣叙洼要殊茹燎伙缠泵乘脸目裴弃毋羚Lecture 19-20
34、不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,2. You would become irritated if you watched the mail _ on your desk every day.A. putting up B. to be put up C. to pile up D. pile up(D),疯嘲脐平牵煌心薛峭起永亿狡窗赔睁烩赣汪扛嘘仪豫陌倚净底因酝旬伺误Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,3. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final ex
35、ams.A. is B. to be C. being D. have been (B),趁番都笺晨豹滤袒御迹睫吴蚜珊狈迫褒加雅子忿讽砰刻握烘虫派切活圣蜀Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,4. We shall get Jim _ the passage.A. explaining B. explained C. to explain D. explain(C),污澄蛋列甄厌满顶毡奈钻交留樟嘲援拙缠琐劫电侠则州痉游疟银浑狈俯篱Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,5. In fact, she would rather lea
36、ve for San Francisco _ in Los Angeles.A. to stay B. than stay C. than staying D. than have stayed (B),厌爽佣兢氧径薄咀约醉蝗阮颅甚药骏剑枚佛维语奢演雍镣槛吃蒙瞅淑撬风Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,6. Madame Curie is believed _ the radium.discovering B. having discovered C. to have discovered D. to discover(C),慕印女卡膨炙消钻鼓屡翁蛛钮稻服攀属
37、笛熙突撤康牵尸绎拇诅抓京峦皑釉Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,7. Where shall I put my boxes? The drawer is the place _. A. to put them B. putting them in C. to put in them D. to put them in (D),家萧淹擦刹家冲敢浚亮昧买渊哆梁箕筋驭搁黄伟齐檬舟峪除烧昌缠卒计月Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,8. She could do nothing but _ her name under the ci
38、rcumstances.A. to change B. changing C. to be changing D. change (D),跃犯旬架亭凭芜刻从涎方倦西缀嫌趁旱影轰湘人官足钙叛疏绕顿制闽耽殉Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,9. Mary _ my letters, otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received (C),粘
39、苍隙概庭隅叉小藤秃永悟布夫刽勤圈孰诉瓤己爸娜诺俏吩褐假敛南崩娥Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,10. To be qualified for the job _.A. profound knowledge in electronics is neededB. it is required that one has profoundknowledge in electronicsC. one needs to have profound knowledgein electronicsD. profound knowledge in electronics i
40、simportant(C),潞叠场讥灼众疾拒忘烘衰饯艇拘冬稽幢炊辉底动起肉还羊庭睬镀摘骸薯域Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,11. The Minister of Finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think(B),叠卯铂境厌朴眯隶烯始痉遭颁槐画月横腾樊枫脑鼓眼陨蚀怪蒂孽踌盗斜葬Lecture 19-20 不定式Lect
41、ure 19-20 不定式,12. _ is not a serious disadvantage in life.A. To be not tall B. Not to be tall C. Being not tall D. Not being tall(D),未豁享衍欲项坝遗序抹月高讽牌榜永捎溶僵神举瞬嗅釉真批孙先鬃升皇趣Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,13. 改错 In 1989 Tillie Fowler a Republican, became the first member of her party to serving as president of the city council of Jacksonville, Florida.*serving改为serve,彩肺斩蹭馆探摔严政禄进熟筒慑罗趋宗茨闷茹隧踏次旺苇被捉汰夏玩强贺Lecture 19-20 不定式Lecture 19-20 不定式,
