1、虚拟语气,The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气 1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it . 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the p
2、ark. 如果明天不下雨的话，我们就去公园。,虚拟语气陈述语气,结论：条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条年句中的谓语用陈述语气。,在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。 1) 与现在事实相反： If 主语 , 主语 +V原 2)与过去事实相反： If 主语had Ved ,主语 +have Ved 3)与将来事实相反： If 主语 , 主语 +V原,were V-ed,should (would could, might),should (would could, might),should wer
3、e to,should (would could, might),1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果 eg.If I were you ,I would go at once. 我是你的话，我会马上走。 eg.If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。,Translation: 1、如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。 eg.If he had time,he would /could/might go with you. 2、要是我是你，我就会（可能）对他说实话。 eg.If I were
4、you ,I should/woud/could/might tell him the truth.,注：主句中should只用于第一人称，从句中的should可用于任何人称。,2.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果 eg.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。 eg.if I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have b
5、ought a car. 如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。,Translation: 1、要是她早来五分钟，她就能赶上早班车了。 eg.If she had come five minutes earlier,she would have caught the early bus. 2、如果你昨天在这里，昨天他就能找到你了。 eg.If you had been here, he would have found you yesterday.,3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果 eg.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to se
6、e you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。 If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .,4、主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 eg.If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你
7、当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。（从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）。 eg.If you had practised speaking English more , you would be able to speak it fluently. 如果你多练习讲英语，现在就能讲得很流利了。,5.虚拟条件句可以转换的形式 （1）省略连词if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were,had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 Were I you (If I were you ), I would not do it 我要是你，就不做这事 Should he co
8、me(If he should come),tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。,( 2 )用介词短语代替条件状语从句 Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。 But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)I couldnt have done it. 要不是你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气在条件主从复合句中1. I _ (c
9、ome)too if I had time to spare.2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ (come), she would have met my brother. 3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there_ (be)more deaths.,should come,had come,would have been,4.If it_ (rain) tomorrow,we _ (not go out).5._(be) I in good heal
10、th, I _ (go) with you tomorrow.eg. Had you told me earlier, I could have done something.Should anyone call, tell him to call in the afternoon.,rained/should rain/were to rain,should not go out,Were,would go,虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,在It is important(strange, natural, necessary) that句型里 that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 （ sh
11、ould ） +动词原形,It is important that every member(should) know these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。,It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。 It is very strange that she ( should) have left without saying goodbye. 她不辞而别，真让人奇怪。,( 2 ) It is said/ reported/ known/ hoped+that clause It i
12、s decided (has been decided)that the meeting (should)be postponed延期 till tomorrow,1. It is strange that he _(make)such a mistake. Thats unexpected. (necessary,important,impossible,natural, surprising,a pity etc.) 2. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip. (ordered,sugges
13、ted,demanded,desired, etc.),(should) make,(should) bring,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法：,在suggest建议, propose建议, demand要求/需要， request要求/请求, desire请求/期望，order命令, command命令, insist坚持等动词后的宾语从句中。 谓语动词用“( should )+动词原形”，表建议、要求、命令。,eg.I suggest that we ( should ) set off at once. 我建议马上动身。,另外： wish+宾语从句：表示不能实现的愿望，表示“但愿.； 就好
14、了；可惜；多好 （1）表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式。 I wish (that) I were young again. 要是我能返老还童就好了。 I wish I were ten years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻10岁。,（2）表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用had done / would(could)+have done We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 我们要是早两个小时到达那儿就好了。 （3）表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用would(could)+动原/were to +
15、动原 I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 但愿将来某一天我能飞上月球。,He is not a pilot, but he wishes he_ (be). I wish I _(meet)him yesterday. I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow. He ordered the work _ (start) at once. 5. Id rather you _(stay) at home all day today.,were,had met,would be,(should ) be started,stayed,
16、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法,demand ，suggestion, proposal等同位从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即: ( should ) + 动词原形,eg.The suggestion that the plan ( should ) be delayed延迟 will be discussed tomorrow. 推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。,虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 （1）由as if 或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时 He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as i
17、f she had really seen it .,结论：从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）/“ had+过去分词”/would/could +v。,IV.在表语从句或方式状从中,1. My demand is that you_(get up)at six. 2. He speaks as if he _(be) an Englishman. 3. They talked as if they _(be)good friends for years.,(should) get up,were,had been,(2)在in order that或 so that引导的目的状语从句
18、中 谓语动词多用could/might/should+动词原形 Mr Green spoke slowly so that this students could/might hear clearly. 在in case , for fear (that),lest以免，万一等引导的从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形 She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that /lest he should be caught in the rain. Remind me of it in case I should forget.,（3）在
19、带有even if /even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句 Even if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing . Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.,结论：主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。,虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法 It is (about/high)time +过去式/should+动词原形 It is time that we went /should go home. 我们该回家了。 It
20、 is high time that you went/should go to bed. 你早该睡觉 了。,虚拟语气其它常见句式 (1) If only(要是就好了）的用法： 现在：动词用过去式 过去：动词用过去完成时 将来：动词用would/could+动词原形 If only I could learn English well in one day.现在 If only I had not been late for the interview.过去 If only he would reply to my letter.将来,（2）would rather(宁愿，宁可）的用法 现在：
21、动词用过去式 过去：动词用过去完成 I would rather she were not present. 我宁可她不在场。（事实上她在场） I would rather he had told me the truth. 我宁可他告诉我事实真相。（事实上他没告诉我真相）,VI.在其他句型中,Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem. Without air, there _(be) no living things. But for your help, I _(not, do) it. If only I _(take) hi
22、s advice,but I didnt.,were,would be,couldnt have done,had taken,5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _(come) to the meeting. 6. Look at the clock! Its(high) time we _(go) home.,would have come,went/should go,1. If we _ sooner, we might have got there. A. started B. had started C. would have sta
23、rted D. start 2. If he _ the detective honestly, he would not have been arrested. A. would have answered B. answered C. should answer D. had answered,3. Why didnt you go to the dance last night? If I _ tired, I would have. A. haven t B. hadnt C. haven t been D. hadnt been 4. “I _ worry too much if I
24、 were you,“ she added. A. oughtnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt,5. If I _ in this uniform, I wouldnt feel so proud. A. wasnt dressed B. didnt dress C. werent dressed D. dont dress 6. If he_ on tourists for his business, he would have to close his shop. A. depends B. will depend C. depended D. has depended,7. If you _ see Mr Green, give him my regards. A. should B. would C. shall D. will 8. If you _ to see Mary, what would you tell her? A. are B. will be going C. must D. were,
