1、【课前检测】1. They are from _. Theyve _.A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen2. -Do you like _? -No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress.A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots3. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time?A. 20 years B. 20 year C. 20-yea
2、rs D. 20-years4. At night the koala bear gets up and eats _.A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs D. leaies5. It is over _ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A. three hours drive B. three hours drive C. three hours drives D. three hours drive6. This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B
3、. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Jane7. The _ park will open next week.A. childrens B. childrens C. children8. Jenny should take more _, because she was always busy doing her _ at the desk.A. exercise; exercise B. exercises; exercises C. exercise; exercises D. exercises; exercise9. -E
4、xcuse me, where are _ offices? -Over there.A. teachers B. teachers C. the teachers D. the teachers10. _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room一、名词的定义Mike toy dog school man love 表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。2、名词的功能1) 作主语 The whites
5、are going to Beijing. Ten days has passed. How much is this pair of shoes? There are two pieces of bread on the plate.Tom with his parents goes to the Disneyland every Sunday.2) 作宾语 I like to play basketball with my classmates very much.3) 作介宾 She was dancing with a dog called Mimi.4) 作表语 Song Cheng
6、xian is my favorite actor all the time.5) 作定语 These are apple trees. a sports meeting a clothes shop a student teacher6) 作定语 This is my English teacher, Mr Li.7) 名词所有格 Jacks shirt the wall of the bedroom some friends of Jacks some books of mine the key to the door a ticket for movie3、名词的分类1. 简单名词: b
7、oy girl toy box 名词复合名词: classroom birthday moonlight2. 个体名词：girl, factory, desk, cat , country可数普通 集体名词：people, police, team, clothes, group, crew名词 物质名词：食品 bread, pork, cheese,chicken 饮料milk, water, Coke 不可数 自然物sand, soil, fog名词 抽象名词： fun, health, happiness, courage, love, care 1)人名、地名、国家名 Jim Qing
8、dao the Summer Palace Japan专有 2)机构、组织、团体名 Red Cross Society of China WTO WHO名词 3)星期、月份、节日名 Saturday November Christmas Day4)电影、书名、学科名 The Sound of Music Pride and Prejudice English4、名词的数的用法名词有单数与复数之分，中考中对名词数的考查多是针对名词复数而言的。1. 可数名词的复数1)规则变化构成方式 例词一般情况加-s cake orange student 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的加-sh box wat
9、ch class以辅音字母加 y 结尾的去 y 加-ies party family baby以元音字母加 y 结尾的加-s boy toy day去 f(e)+ -ves leaf thief knife以 f(e)结尾的直接+s belief proof roof+es hero potato tomato以 o 结尾的+s photo piano radio【巧学妙记】 巧记 f(e)结尾的名词之复数变化直接+s：证据显示，悬崖、海湾、屋顶、农奴相信首领。(proof, cliff, gulf, roof, serf, belief, chief)去 f(e)+ves：小偷妻子扫叶忙，架
10、后发现亡命狼，命刀一下砍两半，留作晚上做羹汤。(thief, wife, leaf, shelf, life, wolf, knife, half) 巧记以 o 结尾名词复数加-es 的单词黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆、西红柿。(Negro, hero, mango, potato, tomato)2) 不规则变化构成方式 例词改变名词中元音字母 man foot tooth改变名词词尾 child mouse(老鼠)单复同形 Chinese deer yuan某国人的复数 Japanese Englishman German 以 man/woman 作第一部分的，都变，否则，后变man docto
11、r woman doctor girl classmate apple tree中间无连字符或间隔的，后变 girlfriend boyfriend storyteller中间有连字符或间隔的，前变 passer-by looker-onson-in-law合成词的复数复合词中无名词的，最后动词后+sgrow-up has-been(过时的人) hang-up(麻烦，问题)只有复数形式 trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, stockings, socks形复实单 maths, physics, politics, news【巧学妙记】 各
12、国人变复数：中日瑞不变, 英法荷变，其余 s 加后面。Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 单复数同形； Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman 中 man 变为men；其余各国人，如 German, American, Indian 等均在后面直接加-s 。 单复数同形：中日养(羊 )鱼鹿有方法。Chinese, Japanese, sheep, fish, deer, means . (注：fish 表示鱼的种类时，其复数形式是fishes)3) 集体名词的复数变化形单实复的：人们在路上驱赶家禽与牛群，遇上警察民兵在维护治安，却见旁边一僧人在为死去的害虫
13、祈祷(people, poultry, cattle, police, militia, clergy, vermin)可单可复的：family, class, crew(船员), audience(听众), government, group, team 等。当这些名词指整体时，视为单数；指组成集体的各个成员时，则视为复数。Her family is going to move. Her family are football fans. 2. 不可数名词的复数不可数名词的复数有两种表达方式:1) some, any, no, a bit, a little 等修饰语+不可数名词 some
14、water/milk2) 基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词( 数词决定量词单/复数形式)a glass of water two glasses of milk three boxes of pears中考常考不可数名词：information, weather, news, advice, fun 等。【小试牛刀】写出下列名词的复数形式1.teacher _ 2.wish_ 3.name _ 4.orange_5.number _ 6.apple_ 7.bus_ 8.eraser_9.photo_ 10.tomato_ 11.country_ 12.friend_13.knife_
15、14.foot_ 15.boy_ 16.mouse_17.toy_ 18.factory_ 19.family_ 20.monkey_ 将下列词组译成英语：1. 一群孩子_ 2. 两箱子苹果_3. 一副眼镜_ 4. 三张纸_5. 四瓶橘汁_ 6. 五杯茶_五、名词的格的用法一般词尾+s the boys father, Jacks books以 s 结尾的+ the teachers office, the twins dad 复数名词 不以 s 结尾的+s the childrens toys各自的各自+s Japans and Americas problem 所有关系 共有的最后+s L
16、ucy and Lilys room名词+/s 结构所有格表“某人家、店铺” ，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, my unclesthe teachers无生命的事物常用 of 结构表示所属关系the window of classrooma picture of the wall of 结构所有格 名词的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用 of 结构a long story of a 50-year-old manthe struggle of the poor名词+of+名词所有格 双重所有格 名词+of+名词性物主代词This is an article
17、of Lu XunsHe is a friend of mine his/hers名词的格一些表距离、时间等无生命的 ten minutes walk three days holiday东西的名词所有格 todays newspaper 特殊情况 for: a ticket for the movie a check for 1500to: the key to the door answers to the questions小试牛刀1. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours2. The mot
18、her over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary3. After the exam, well have_ holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks4. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend o
19、f my father5. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers六、名词的修饰语1) 修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有 these, those, few, a few, many, a good great many, a great good number of 等。Few people would agree with this. He has a great many friends here. 【注】a good great many 后直接跟名词，不用介词 of。但是，
20、若其后所接名词有 the, these, my 等限定词修饰，则要用介词 of：a great many of my friends 2) 修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有 this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 等。I have little time to do it. He didnt give me much money. A great deal of money is spent on research. 【注】在现代英语中，a great amount of 后有
21、时也接可数名词，但有许多语法学家反对，学生最好避免使用。3) 修饰可/不可数名词的常用修饰语 有 all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of 等You neednt hurry. Theres lots of time. There are lots of men out of work. We need a quantity of baskets. He put a small quantity of sugar in the milk. 【重难点例题启发与方法总结】1. - I have gr
22、eat _ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me ? -No problem. A. fun. B. success. C. advice . D. difficulty.【答案】D.【解析】考查名词的含义用法和固定短语的用法。fun 是 “ 开心，快乐” ，success. 是 “ 成功” ， advice 是 “ 建议 ”， difficulty 是“ 困难”，根据句意“我靠我自己来完成这项工作有很大的困难，你能帮助我吗？没问题。 ”，have difficulty in doing sth.意为“做某事遇到了困难” ，所以选
23、 D 。2. Im so hungry. Please give me_ to eat.A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads【答案】B【解析】考查不可数名词数量的表示。句意为：我非常饿，请给我三片面包吃。Bread 为不可数名词，不能用数词直接来修饰，同时不可数名词没有复数形式，故选 B。3. What can I do for you? Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_.A. some chickens B. any chickens C. s
24、ome chicken【答案】C【解析】考查名词的用法。chicken 当鸡肉讲为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故答案为 C。4. There are two _ and one _ on the table. A. apple; banana B. apples; banana C. apples; bananas【解析】选 B。考查名词的数。数词 two 后应该跟可数名词的复数形式, apple 的复数形式为 apples，而 banana 则用单数，即不变。故选 C。5. _ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gon
25、e to business.A. Jack and Mikes B. Jacks and Mikes C. Jack and Mike D. Jacks and Mike【答案】B【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：杰克和迈克的爸爸不能去开班会，因为他们已经去做生意的了。名词所有格如果表示两个人共同的父亲时只在最后一人名上用所有格形式，如果表示各自的父亲，那么每一个人名都要用所有格形式。根据 fathers 用了复数，所以，此处指杰克和麦克各自的父亲，故选 B。6. Look at the man over there. He is _ uncle.A. Jims and Tims B. Ji
26、ms and Tim C. Jim and Tim D. Jim and Tims【答案】D【解析】考查名词所有格。句意为：瞧那边那个人。他是_是叔叔/舅舅/ 大伯。A 表示吉姆和提姆各自的叔叔，后面要用复数名词；B 不存在这种表达法；C 人名不可直接作定语；D 表示吉姆和提姆的叔叔，是两人共同的叔叔，后用单数名词。故选 D。7. How far is your cousins home from here? Its about two_ ride.A. hours B. hours C. hours D. Hour【答案】C【解析】考查名词的用法。根据题意：大约两个小时的车程。复数名词的所有
27、格, two hours ride，所以 选择答案 C。8. Just search the internet, you can get almost all the _ you need.A. informations B. information C. picture D. story【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。 句意：上网搜一下，你就能得到你需要几乎所有的信息。information，信息，不可数名词。故选 B。9. I saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.A. Germen; Englishm
28、en B. Germans; Englishmans C. Germans; Englishmen【答案】C 【解析】考查名词复数形式。句意：前天我看到一些德国人和英国人在街上跳舞。复数形式：德国人：Germans; 英国人：Englishmen，所以选择答案 C。10. Could you please give some _ to the _ teachers? A. advice; man B. advices; menC. suggestion; man D. suggestions; men【解析】选 D。考查名词的数及语法功能。 advice 作“建议 ”讲是不可数名词，sugge
29、stion作“建议”讲是可数名词，故可排除 B、C 项；man 作定语时，其形式与所修饰的名词数的形式保持一致，故选 D。【重难点关联练习巩固与方法总结】【演练场】一、写出下列词的复数1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _ 4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _ 7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_ 10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _ 13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、单项选择( ) 1.We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once.A. info
30、rmation B. advice C. idea D. news( ) 2.Look at the flowers! They are in different _: red, yellow, pinkA. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names( ) 3.Id like _ grapes and pears. Oh, I only need _ orange juice.A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few( )4. What would you like to dr
31、ink? _, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread ( ) 5.-You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are?-Oh, sorry. Its a(n) _ .A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business( ) 6.We should not eat _ meat.A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too( ) 7.I dont understand the
32、 story though there are _ new words in it.A. few B. little C. a few D. a little( ) 8.This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning.A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters( ) 9. When autumn comes, _ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.A. leaf B. leafs C. le
33、ave D. leaves ( ) 10.-I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you? -OK. Lets go and buy some _ _ .A. orange B. bread C. chocolate( ) 11.Hurry up. There is _ time left.A. a little B. little C. few D. a few( )12.Well,you look so happy! -Because Ive got a good _.A.work B. news C.job D. id
34、eas ( ) 13. You can get much_about the World Expo on the Internet.A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information( ) 14. The customers are pleased with the_of the restaurant.A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service( ) 15. Lily has a silk _. Listen, she is singing in the next room! - How nice!.A. look B. no
35、ise C. voice( )16.June 1st is _ Day all over the world. A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens( ) 17.-Would you like some _? -No,thank you.Im not hungry at all.A.water B.books C.clothes D.bread( ) 18. -Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? -Yes, I think so. A. is B. are C. h
36、as( )19.Why are you still waiting in line? -Ive missed my _ . 全品中考网 A. place B. order C. turn D. time( )20.It was very hard for me to make a_but J decided to leave my job.A. suggestion B. decision C. plan D. speech【课后强化巩固练习与方法总结】【演练场】单项选择：1. In the streets there are_ of different colours and sizes.A
37、. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis2. These girls will become_. when they graduate from the medical college.A. woman doctors B. womens doctors C. women doctors D. the women doctors3. Usually_ are very careful in doing exercises.A. girl students B. girls students C. girls students D. girls stude
38、nts4. The waitress brought us_.A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juice C. glass of juices D. glass of juice5. The news reporter has collected_ about the private schools in the city.A. lots of informations B. a lot of information C. much of information D. many informations6. This is_ to students of
39、English.A. a useful advice B. useful advice C. one of useful advices D. a piece of useful advice7. It was freezing cold outside, so we made_ in the office. A. fire B. the fire C. a fire D. some fire8. We need plenty of _ and fresh _.A. the sun, airs B. suns, airs C. suns, air D. sun, air9. They were
40、 happy with their_ in their studies.A. great progresses B. great progress C. many progresses D. lot of progress10. Finally Billy got _ as a waiter in a cafA. a job B. a piece of job C. a work D. a piece of works11. Sorry, my husband is not in. Would you leave a message? All right. Please give me _.A
41、. a few papers B. some pieces of papers C. some paper D. a paper12. Bob dropped_ of milk on the ground and cut his finger on some broken_.A. a glass, glass B. a glass, glasses C. the glass, glasses D. glass, glass13. He took down _ while he was listening to radio English.A. several news B. a number
42、of news C. a few pieces of news D. some of news14. Lets sit down on _ and rest for a while.A. the grass B. the grasses C. grass D. grasses15. The ship “Titanic“ went down into the sea and thousands of _were lost.A. lifes B. lives C. life D. the lives16. Many thanks indeed. Its_.A. pleasure B. a plea
43、sure C. the pleasure D. great pleasure17. Its about _ to the zoo. A. two hours ride B. two hours ride C. two-hours ride D. two-hour-ride18. Wei Wei showed me .A. some stamps of him B. the stamps of his C. some his stamps D. some stamps of his19. He left his motorcycle outside _ and went in.A. the do
44、ctor B. a doctor C. doctors D. the doctors20. Do you know whose this umbrella is? It may be_.A. Susan B. the Susan C. the Susans D. Susans二、完形填空Bruce shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully counted the coins that lay on the bed. All that he had was $24.52. The 31 which he wanted was at least $90. How on earth(究竟 ) was he going to get the rest of the 32 ? He knew that his friends all had bi
