1、几种将来时间表示法的比较一表示将来的六种结构:1). S.+shall/will+do2) S.+shall/will+be+doing3) S.+be+going+to+do4) S.+be+doing5) S.+be+to+do6). S.+do二六种结构在用法上的区别;1) S.+shall/will+do 的用法:在传统语法中,shall 和 will 都被看作是一般将来时的助动词,shall 用于第一称,will 用于第二人称。现代英语中趋向于用 will。这种结构只表达未来,没有语气和感情色彩。例如:1. Ill go to Beijing next week.2. When sh
2、all I see you next?3. Itll be Sunday tomorrow.2) S.+shall/will+be+doing 的用法:这一结构表示将来带有感情色彩,表示礼貌或委婉。因此,这一结构在口语中经常出现。例如:1. What will you be doing tomorrow?2. Ill be waiting for you at the gate.3). S.+be+going+to+do 的用法:这一结构经常用于口语,如:(1).用于主观意图、打算、目的:1. We are going to see the film.2. Im going to write
3、him a letter.(2). 用于对客观事物的判断:1. Its going to rain this afternoon.2. Its going to be a fine day tomorrow.(3).说明决心:1. She is going to have a baby.2. She doesnt like the meeting, she is going to arrive late.(4).用于条件句中表示将来:1. If you are going to see the film, youd better come early.2. You must be hurry
4、if you are going to attend the meeting.4). S.+be+doing 的用法:这一结构经常用在口语中,表示计划、安排要做的事情。动词常是一些表示位置移动的动作如:come, go, arrive, leave, fly,等等。例如;1. My aunt is arriving this afternoon.2. Tom is flying to Beijing tomorrow.3. She is leaving for Shanghai next week.5). S.+be+to+do 的用法:该结构较为正式,可以表示计划要发生的事、命令或禁止或者一
5、种预测或注定。例如:1. The sports meeting is to take place soon.2. The angel flied to Maria and said : “You are to have the baby”.3. You are to do your homework before you go to bed.4. All these things are to be answered for.5. Happy days are soon to follow.6. They are to win the basketball match.6). S.+do 一般
6、现在时表示将来:用法(1).按时间表进行的事情;1. School begins on September 12th.2. The train arrives at 7 a.m. 用法 (2). 在时间和条件句中表示将来:1. Ill tell him about it as soon as he arrives.2. The harder you work, the more youll get.用法 (3).在让步状语中表示将来:1 Whether she comes or not, Ill go there.2 No matter what he says , I wont listen
7、 to him.用法 (4).在某些固定搭配中表示将来:1. Ill go to help him the moment he asks me for help.2. She is going to see me the day she comes.3. Ill ring you up directly I hear the news.用法 (5). 用于 hope, see (to it ) suppose, assume, take care, be careful, make sure/certain 的宾语从句中,代替一般将来时:1.I hope the weather keeps/w
8、ill keep up.2.Ill see (to it ) that nobody troubles/will trouble you .3.Be careful that you dont make the same mistakes next time.除了以上所例举的用法,另外,be about to do 也可以指“马上”或“即刻”要发生的事情,这种结构是书面体,较为正式,一般不用时间状语。例如:1. The bus is about to go.2. They are about to leave for Shanghai.另外,be about to when 是固定搭配是指:
9、“刚一,就”1. She was about to go out when it rained.2. I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.一、 “will / shall动词原形 ”与“be going to 动词原形”两者均可表示将来时间和意图,两者有时可换用:I think itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening. 我想今晚会下雨。I wont tell you about it. / Im not going to
10、tell you about it. 我不会把这事告诉你的。但有时有差别: 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,则通常要用 be going to;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则通常用 will。比较:“Ann is in hospital.” “Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and visit her.” “安住院了。 ”“啊,真的吗?我还不知道。我要去看看她。 ” (临时想法,不能用 be going to)“Ann is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. Im going to visit he
11、r tomorrow.” “安住院了。 ”“我知道,我打算明天去看看她。 ” (事先考虑的意图,不能用 will) 若是有迹象表明要发生某事,通常只用 be going to,不用 will:Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些乌云,要下雨了。 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用 be going to,而用 will:When he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他
12、若回来我就告诉他这个消息。二、 “be going to+动词原形”与“现在进行时” be going to 主要表示主观想法或意图,而现在进行进表示将来则主要已经强调作出的安排。比较:Im going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)Im picking you up at 6; dont forget. 我 6 点钟来接你,不要忘了。(已作出的安排) 但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时,通常要用 be going to,不能用现在进行时态:Its going to snow before long. 不久会下雪。Things a
13、re going to get better soon. 情况很快就会好起来。 当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时,两者均可用:Shes taking going to take that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜欢不喜欢,她都得吃那药。Youre not wearing going to wear that skirt to school. 你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。三、 “be going to+动词原形”与“be to+动词原形” 两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时可互换(但 be to 比 be going to 正式):
14、 Where are we going to stay tonight? 我们今晚住哪里?Im (going) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打网球。另外,be going to 还可表示预测,即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作,此时不能用 be to:Look, its going to rain. 看,要下雨了。一、shall/will动词原形1. will 可用于所有人称,但 shall 仅表示单纯将来时,用于第一人称 I 和 we,作为 will 的一种替代形式。以 You and I 为主语时通常避免用 shall. 例如:He will
15、be back soon. 他很快就会回来。I shall/will be free on Sunday. 星期天我有空。You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我将在同一工厂工作。2. will,shall 可用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事,或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。例如:It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。3. will,shall 除可表示单纯的将来时以外,还可以带有意愿的色彩,仍指的是将来。例如:Ill buy you a bicycle for your birthday. 你过生日时,我给你买
16、一辆自行车。(表示允诺)Will you open the door for me please?请你帮我开门好吗?(表示请求)Shall I get your coat for you? 我可以为你拿外套吗?(表示提议)二、be going to动词原形1. 表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象,判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主语可以是人,也可是物。例如:There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。(已有告示)I feel terrible.I think Im
17、 going to die. 我感到难受极了,我想我快不行了。Look at those black clouds!Its going to rain. 看看那些乌云!天快要下雨了。2. 表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定,即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如:He isnt going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 玛丽决定长大了当一名教师。3. 只是单纯地预测未来的事,此时可与 will 互换。例如
18、:I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我认为今晚要下雨。注意:(1)be going to 和 will 在含义和用法上略有不同。be going to 往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will 多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如:He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力学习,准备参加考试。(不能用 will 替换)Can somebody help me? 谁能帮我一下吗?I will. 我来。(不能用 be going to 替换)(2)在 if 之后,
19、通常不用 will 表示预言,但可以用 be going to 表示意图。例如:If you are going to go to the cinema this evening,youd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看电影,最好带着外套。be going to 也常可以用于主句之中。例如:If you invite Jack,theres going to be trouble. 如果你邀请杰克,那就要惹麻烦了。如果表示将来的意愿,will 可用于条件从句。此时 will 为情态动词。例如:If you will learn to play fo
20、otball,Ill help you. 如果你想学踢足球,我可以帮你。三、现在进行时表示位置转移的动词(如 go,come,leave,start,arrive ,return ,send,move,travel,fly 等)和其它几个动作动词(如 do,begin,work ,spend,play,stay,happen,have ,finish,join,eat,die ,meet等)常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。例如:The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。Wha
21、t are you doing tomorrow? 明天你做什么?The train is arriving at nine oclock. 火车将在九点钟到。在特定的上下文中,这类动词有时也可不带时间状语。例如:Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow .Why ?Whats happening ?明天穿你的旧衣服来上学。为什么?有什么事?四、一般现在时1. 动词 be;表示位置转移的动词(如 go,come ,arrive ,leave,return 等)和表示“开始,结束”的动词(如 start,begin,open,finish,end,c
22、lose 等)与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生,日程不易改变,口气肯定。例如:School finishes on January 18th. 学期一月十八日结束。Are you free next Tuesday evening? 下周二晚上你有空吗?The party starts at four thirty,doesnt it ? 晚会四点半开始,是吗?Mr Green leaves Beijing for home tomorrow. 格林先生定于明天离京返家。2. 在由 when,before,as soon as,un
23、til/till 引导的时间状语从句和由 if 引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来。例如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go to the East Lake. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去东湖。I must finish my homework before my mother returns. 我必须在妈妈回来之前做完家庭作业。3. 在 hope 后接表示将来时间的宾语从句中,也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,hope 的主语往往是第一人称。例如:I hope you( will)have a good holiday. 我希望你假日愉快。I hope he comes (will come). 我希望他会来。