1、目录一 名词 二 形容词 三 代词 四 数词 五 冠词 六 动词 动词语态时态 七 副词 八 介词 九 连词 句法陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句There be 句型事态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时一 1、名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词 the。如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家
2、人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .3、名词所有格：1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节)
3、, my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如： Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息) ,(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词 of 短语来表示所有关系。2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：在单数名词词尾加 s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses,
4、 table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch 结尾的词加 es.如：class classes, boxboxes, heroheroes, dish dishes, bench benches.注：少数以 o 结尾的词,变复数时只加 s。如：photo photos, piano pianos.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词, 变 y 为 i,再加 es。如：family families, citycities, 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 es。如： shelf shelves, wolf wolves,2、不规则变化：man men, woman
5、women, sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, 4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如 family, class, team, group, row, police, school 等) 做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念, 则谓语用单数形式,如：Cl
6、ass Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时, 则谓语用复数形式, 如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图 )3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people 等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时, 谓语用复数。4、maths, news 等虽然有 s 结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves 等名词往往用复数形式, 故谓语用复
7、数。如：6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。8、 there be 句型中 be 的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)初中英语语法专项练习一名词( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C.
8、 made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( )
9、 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B.
10、 photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, t
11、hanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse
12、.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks2、 形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如： a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄
13、色的大木轮)作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高 1.8 米。) The moon is about
14、380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地 38 万公里 )3、有关形容词的用法辨析： whole 与 all：记住两个词序： the whole + 名词； all (of) the + 名词。 tall 与 high, short 与 low：指人的个子时用 tall 与 short；指其他事物时一般用 high 与 low。如：Hes very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) real 与 true：real 一般指东西的真假 ,译为“真的” ；而 true 则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的” 。 interested 与 int
15、eresting 的区别：interesting 指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而 interested 则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他 such 用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that 从句 )。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) good 与 well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用 good,作状语用 well；表示
16、“(身体)好”时用 well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) nice 与 fine：的区别：nice 表示令人愉快的, 可以指东西、人物外表等；fine 一般指身体或天气好。如：Lets go and share(分享) the nice cake. too much 与 much too：too much 表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much too 表示“太过, 过分”,修饰形容词或副词。 quick、 fast 与 soon：quick 与 fast 基本同义,quick 往往指反应速度快, fast往往指运动速度快,而 soon
17、则表示时间上很快即将发生。lonely 与 alone：lonely 是表示心理活动的形容词, 意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone 的意思是：“独自的, 单独的”,指无人陪伴, 仅作表语,(作为副词的 alone 可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely other 与 else 的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other 放在名词前；else 修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置 ,另外,or else 表示“否则”,是连词。如：The other students are on the pl
18、ayground.(其他学生在操场上 special 与 especial 的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但 special 较为常用。另外,special 还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) gone、 lost、 missing 的区别：gone 表示“丢了, 没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补, 不可以作定语；lost 表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思, 可作定语、表语或宾补；missing 表示“失踪了, 不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、
19、表语或宾补。如：My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) living、 alive、 live、 lively 的区别：四个词都来源于动词 live“生活、居住” 。living 读 liviN有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语, “一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于 lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的 ”；live 读laiv, 指东西 “活的”, 可以替换为 living；alive 读 laiv作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively 读 laivli有三个意思：有生气的、
20、活泼的、快活的,(色彩)鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。初中英语语法专项练习二形容词一 选择正确的答案 1.Which does Jimmy like _, Chinese or art? A. well B. best C. better D. much 2. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. The more C. the longest rivers D. longer river 3. _ of the two women is Mrs Brown. A. The beautiful B
21、. The more beautiful C. More beautiful D. The most beautiful 4. My mooncake is nicer _ his. A. like B. with C. for D. than 5. You are fatter than _. A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall 6. He jumps _ of the three. A. far B. futher C. farthest D. furthest 7. My hair is longer than _. A. my sister B. Kat
22、e C. my brothers D.Lucys 8. There is _ paper here. Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little 9. The pen is _ than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper 10. Tom speaks Chinese _ better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot D. much 11. There are _ girls in Cl
23、ass 2 than in Class 4. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best 12. Its too _ for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easist 13. Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most 14. You have more rulers than me. But _ are nicer than _. A. mine, yours
24、B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your 三、代词：1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第 三 人 称 单 数第一人称单数第 二 人称单数阳 性 阴 性 中性 第一人称复数第二人称复数第 三 人 称 复 数主格I(我)you (你) he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你) him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)the
25、m (他们,她们,它们)1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / Thats it.(就那么回事) / Its he!(是他！)2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)
26、3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词 than 或 as 之后时, 可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：-Who is it?(是谁？) Its I/me.(是我。 )4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我” 时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) You and me.(你和我)5、 人称代词 it 除了可以指人指物之外, 还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,
27、此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用 ,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：-Whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？) Its fine.(天气晴好) / -Whats the time?(几点啦？) Its 12： 00.(12 点) / Its a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路 ) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men
28、can go into space.(很显然 ,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空 ) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)初中英语语法专项练习三代词单项填空: 人称代词、 物主代词、 反身代词、 指示代词和疑问代词 1. _ is she? Shes a nurse.A. Who B. Where C. Which D. What2. _ is Tom like? Oh, hes short.A. Which B. Who C. What D. Whom3. _ ca
29、p is that?A. Whos B. Who C. Whose D. Where4. _ is no use telling him about that.A. This B. That C. These D. It5. The three men, Bob, Joe and _ met at the station.A. I B. me C. her D. you6. _ have been to Paris.A. I, you and he B. He, you and IC. You, he and I D. You, he and me7. My brother is so you
30、ng that he cant take care of _ .A. him B. herself C. himself D. his8. The young teacher teaches _ politics.A. us B. our C. ours D. ourself9. Our work is not so good as _ .A. him B. he C. his D. hes10. Has Jack got the money? Yes, I gave _ yesterday.A .to him them B. to him if C. him them D. it to hi
31、m11. How hard _ works!A. we B .him C. he D. his12. Wont you let _ help you?A. I and my friend B. my friend and IC. my friend and me D. my friend and I to13. He asked the three men, Bob, Joe and _ to be ready.A. I B. himself C. me D. herself14. All my classmates are going to the Summer Palace except
32、_ .A. he and I B. he and me C. him and I D. him and me15. Go _ to _!A. here, us B. there, theyC. there, them D. here, we四、数词： 1、分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。2、基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、 英语中常用的基数词有：123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfiftee
33、nsixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a) hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveone hundred and one1000one(a) thousand,10000 ten thousand,100000one hundred thousand ,1000000one million,10000000ten million, 100000000one hundred million,108
34、one hundred and eight, 146one hundred and forty-six, 500five hundred , 1001one thousand and one, 1813 one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 2、注：(1)百位与十位之间要加 and；十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加 and。(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用 thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用 billion 表示。(3) hundred、
35、thousand、 million 作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, 等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成 上”,后面必须要有 of,前面可以加上 some,many,several 等词。如： five hundred(五百 ), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)3、数词的用法：1、表示年份：2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.2、表示日期： 12 月 1 日: Dec.1s
36、t 或 the first of December；2002 年 11 月 8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.3、表示时刻： 5： 15 five fifteen 或 a quarter past five ; 8： 30 eight thirty或 half past eight ; 10： 45 ten forty-five 或 a quarter to eleven.4、表示编号：Room 105 Room one 0 five; Bus No.13 Bus Number Thirteen; P.5 Page Five; Tel.No.7658659 Telephone Number
37、 seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7 five point seven, 0.16 zero point one six.6、 “半”的表达： 1/2half, 半小时half an hour, 1.5 小时one and a half hours 或 one hour and a half. 7、序数词前面加 the 时,表示顺序,加 a/an 时表示“再一、又一” 。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?
38、(我们把课文读第三遍,好四数词1. 1). There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2). There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and for
39、ty-six D. eight hundred forty-six2. 1)._people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of2).There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of3). Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. mil
40、lions people D. million of people4). _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5). Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star3. 1). My brother is i
41、n_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one2.) We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six3). Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two . B. the page two C. second page D. page second4
42、. 1). We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five2). “The year 1999“ should
43、be read “The year_“. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine五、冠词1、冠词分类及读法： 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面 ,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词 the 读法：单独念时读 Ti:,在句子中常发Ti (元音之前)或者T (辅音之前) ；不定冠词 a/an 的读法：单独念时读 ei /An ；在句子中常发 /n
44、。 2、不定冠词 a / an 的用法：不定冠词 a / an 用在单数名词的前面,a 用在辅音开头的词前面; an 用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如： There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。 )(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是
45、英语教师。)(4) 表示 “一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)3、定冠词 the 的用法：定冠词 the 用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：The
46、re is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars,
47、the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国 ) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday,
48、 February 18,1995.(他出生在 1995 年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如：On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)(7) 球类名词前不用。如：The ch
