1、Knowing About Translation 2. Translation Practice 3. Writing,Knowing About Translation,由于英汉语言在表达方式和遣词造句等方面的差异，翻译时不能逐字硬译，也不能一味追求词类的对应，有时需要把原文中属于某种词类的词在译文中转换成另一类，也就是进行词类转换。词类转换是英汉互译中很重要的手段之一。,词类转译(1)-名词和动词转换,1 英译汉的词类转换,1.1 名词转译为动词,1.1.1 由动词派生的名词,1) We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of t
2、elling animal behavior from human behavior. 2) Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape quickly.,另一种对付敌人的方式是：要么防卫得当，要么能迅速逃脱。,我们已经把使用和发明工具从区分动物和人类行为的方法中排除出去了。,1.1.2 含有动作意味的名词,1) What is the purpose of their playing? 2) When the termites bite
3、 at the stick, the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the end like our use of a fork.,它们为何玩耍？,当白蚁啃咬树枝时，黑猩猩就把树枝抽回，然后把枝条底端 的白蚁吃掉就像我们使用餐叉一样。,1.1.3 有些加后缀-er 的词,1) He is a lover of animals. 2) The castle gets lots of visitors from America.,他热爱动物。,有很多美国人到这座城堡来游览。,1.2 动词转译为名词,1.2.1 名词派生的动词,1) An inter
4、est in peoples deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 2) She personifies beauty and grace.,对人们最深感情的关注是她所有著作的特征。,她是美丽与优雅的化身。,1.2.2 与名词同形的动词,1) You can see what a dodo looked like from the picture. 2) These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles.,你能从照片中得知渡渡鸟的模样。,这些锻炼的目的是为了增强肌肉。,2 汉
5、译英的词类转换,2.1 动词转译为名词,汉语中动词用得多，除大量的动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个以上动词连用的现象，而英语一句话往往只有一个谓语动词，而且英语名词比汉语名词多。鉴于这一特点，在汉译英时，需要把某些汉语动词转换成英语名词。,1) 我不知道你喜欢喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ 2) 他们坚决要求立刻偿还债款。,I dont know your preference. Would you like tea or coffee?,They are insisting on immediate repayment of the debt.,3) 控制人口和发展经济是我们当前的首要任务。 4)
6、 目前大家都非常注意保护环境和节约资源。,Population control and economic development are the two most important tasks for us at present.,People nowadays pay special attention to environmental protection and the conservation of resources.,2.2 名词转译为动词,1) 结婚戒指是夫妇结合的象征。 2) 工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目标。,The factory must aim at an incre
7、ase in production.,A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife.,3) 摇头通常的意思是 “不”。 4) 箱子里满是书，重量为一吨。,The box was full of books and weighed a ton.,When you shake your head it usually means “no”.,2. Translation Practice,1) Translate the following Chinese expressions and sentences into English
8、.,express ones feelings / emotions deliver / convey messages carry heavy loads guide the blind guard / protect peoples possessions catch pests bring pleasure / happiness to people add joy to peoples life make the world more colorful maintain the balance of nature,表达感情 传递信息 背负重物 为盲人领路 保护人们的财产 捕捉害虫 给人
9、们带来快乐 增添生活乐趣 使世界更丰富多彩 保持自然界平衡,1.,2. 狗被认为是人类最好的朋友。它们对人忠诚，又能帮助人们做许多事情。,Dogs are perceived to be humans best friends. They are loyal to people and can help people do a lot of things.,3. 猫优雅、可爱而且非常温顺。它们是人类非常好的伙伴。人们喜欢把它们养作宠物。,Cats are graceful, lovely and obedient. They are excellent companions of human
10、beings. People like keeping them as pets.,4. 鹦鹉有着美丽无比的羽毛，它们还擅长模仿人类的语言。,Parrots have very beautiful feathers. They are good at imitating human languages.,5. 猴子非常聪明，能被训练做不同的事来逗人们乐。,Monkeys are very intelligent. They can be trained to amuse people by performing different tasks.,2) Translate the followi
11、ng sentences into Chinese.,The only look had told him what sort of man he had to deal with.2) My family are all early risers.3) The attack was served only to alert the enemy.,看了一眼，他就明白要对付的是什么样的人了。,我们家人早上起得都很早。,这次袭击的目的只是警告一下敌人。,4) In Europe, the color white symbolizes purity.5) The navy is now positi
12、oned to safeguard both thePacific and Atlantic Oceans.6) He is known as a maker of many enemies.,在欧洲，白色是纯洁的象征。,这支舰队所处的位置，既可以保卫太平洋，也可保卫大西洋。,大家都知道他树敌太多。,7) We should aim for a bigger share of the market. 8) The rolling hills characterize this part of England.9) Many elderly people expressed a strong p
13、referenceto live in their own homes.,我们应把争取更大的市场份额作为我们的目标。,绵延起伏的丘陵是英格兰这个地区的特征。,很多老年人表示特别喜欢住在自己家里。,10) His decision could not be indefinitely postponed.11) My admiration for him grew more.12) He is a good listener and they like to talk with him.,他不能无限期地拖延下去而不作决定。,我对他越来越敬佩。,他能倾听别人的意见，因此他们喜欢和他聊。,3. Wri
14、ting,Write a composition entitled The Animal I Like Best. You should write at least 120 words.,Dogs are the kind of animal I like best. They are capable of helping human beings complete different tasks. For instance, dogs are trained to pull sleighs, to guide the blind, to guard peoples possessions
15、and so on. Sometimes they are even used in medical service to help treat patients, because of their obedience and great understanding of human beings. Furthermore, dogs can be wonderful companions. They are loyal to their owners, and always act as quiet listeners when,The Animal I Like Best,SAMPLE 1
16、,people complain and as a source of joy when people are blue. This kind of emotional intimacy between humans and dogs cant be matched by any other intimacy between humans and animals. No wonder dogs are perceived to be the best friends of human beings, and undoubtedly I consider them my favorite kin
17、d of animal.,It is a sheer coincidence that my favorite animal is the same as Walt Disneys. We both like the socalled “notorious” mice, but our reasons vary. As Walt Disneys legend goes, the mouse he met in his garage played such an important role that it helped him survive loneliness and overcome h
18、is mental depression at the beginning of his artistic career. My reason is much simplerI was born in 1984, and naturally began to like,The Animal I Like Best,SAMPLE 2,mice (rats). It is true that the mouse has been a symbol of dirtiness and ugliness, and everybody seems to bear a deep-rooted hatred
19、against them. Nevertheless, they are cunning and swift, and some are even lovely. This accounts for why there are people who like to keep mice as their pets. Moreover, rats, carrying the plague, had once brought tremendous disaster to human beings. But the interesting thing is that the carriers them
20、selves had,not been ruined. This has already opened up new fields of study in biology in the hope of exploring human beings true physical nature. Nowadays, hundreds of rats die in laboratories every single day in experiments carried out by scientists. In this sense, the mouses contribution to the human race has outweighed their destruction to us, which makes me like them still more.,This is the end of Part IV. Please click Home to visit other parts.,Thank You！,
