1、常用数学和物理量符号 大写 小写 英文注音 国际音标注音 中文注音 alpha alfa 阿耳法 beta beta 贝塔 gamma gamma 伽马 deta delta 德耳塔 epsilon epsilon 艾普西隆 zeta zeta 截塔 eta eta 艾塔 theta ita 西塔 iota iota 约塔 kappa kappa 卡帕 lambda lambda 兰姆达 mu miu 缪 nu niu 纽 xi ksi 可塞 omicron omikron 奥密可戎 pi pai 派 rho rou 柔 sigma sigma 西格马 tau tau 套 upsilon ju
2、psilon 衣普西隆 phi fai 斐 chi khai 喜 psi psai 普西 omega omiga 欧米 注解： 1 alpha a:lf 阿尔法 角度；系数 2 beta bet 贝塔 磁通系数；角度；系数 3 gamma ga:m 伽马 电导系数（小写） 4 delta delt 德尔塔 变动；密度；屈光度 5 epsilon epsilon 伊普西龙 对数之基数 6 zeta zat 截塔 系数；方位角；阻抗；相对粘度；原子序数 7 eta eit 艾塔 磁滞系数；效率（小写） 8 thet it 西塔 温度；相位角 9 iot aiot 约塔 微小，一点儿 10 kapp
3、a kap 卡帕 介质常数 11 lambda lambd 兰布达波长（小写）；体积 12 mu mju 缪 磁导系数；微（千分之一）；放大因数（小写） 13 nu nju 纽 磁阻系数 14 xi ksi 克西 15 omicron omikron 奥密克戎 16 pi pai 派 圆周率=圆周直径=3.1416 17 rho rou 肉 电阻系数（小写） 18 sigma sigma 西格马 总和（大写）， 表面密度；跨导（小写） 19 tau tau 套 时间常数 20 upsilon jupsilon 宇普西龙 位移 21 phi fai 佛爱 磁通；角 22 chi phai 西 2
4、3 psi psai 普西 角速；介质电通量（静电力线）；角 24 omega omiga 欧米伽 欧姆（大写）；角速（小写）；角 希腊字母读法 ：阿尔法 Alpha ：贝塔 Beta ：伽玛 Gamma ：德尔塔 Delte ：艾普西龙 Epsilon ：捷塔 Zeta ：依塔 Eta ：西塔 Theta ：艾欧塔 Iota ：喀帕 Kappa ：拉姆达 Lambda ：缪 Mu ：拗 Nu ：克西 Xi ：欧麦克轮 Omicron ：派 Pi ：柔 Rho ：西格玛 Sigma ：套 Tau ：宇普西龙 Upsilon ：fai Phi ：器 Chi ：普赛 Psi ：欧米伽 Omega
5、符 号 含 义 i -1的平方根 f(x) 函数f在自变量x处的值 sin(x) 在自变量x处的正弦函数值 exp(x) 在自变量x处的指数函数值，常被写作ex ax a的x次方；有理数x由反函数定义 ln x exp x 的反函数 ax 同 ax logba 以b为底a的对数； blogba = a cos x 在自变量x处余弦函数的值 tan x 其值等于 sin x/cos x cot x 余切函数的值或 cos x/sin x sec x 正割含数的值，其值等于 1/cos x csc x 余割函数的值，其值等于 1/sin x asin x y，正弦函数反函数在x处的值，即 x =
6、sin y acos x y，余弦函数反函数在x处的值，即 x = cos y atan x y，正切函数反函数在x处的值，即 x = tan y acot x y，余切函数反函数在x处的值，即 x = cot y asec x y，正割函数反函数在x处的值，即 x = sec y acsc x y，余割函数反函数在x处的值，即 x = csc y 角度的一个标准符号，不注明均指弧度，尤其用于表示atan x/y，当x、y、z用于表示空间中的点时 i, j, k 分别表示x、y、z方向上的单位向量 (a, b, c) 以a、b、c为元素的向量 (a, b) 以a、b为元素的向量 (a, b)
7、a、b向量的点积 ab a、b向量的点积 (ab) a、b向量的点积 |v| 向量v的模 |x| 数x的绝对值 表示求和，通常是某项指数。下边界值写在其下部，上边界值写在其上部。如j从1到100 的和可以表示成：。这表示 1 + 2 + + n M 表示一个矩阵或数列或其它 |v 列向量，即元素被写成列或可被看成k1阶矩阵的向量 slash/ question? space 常用英文数学式/符号的读法 Pronunciation of Numerals 数词的读法 1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数 (1)100以内的数词 基数 序数 Roman Arabic Num
8、erals Numerals 罗马数字 阿拉伯数字读法 数码 读法 I 1 one 1st the first II 2 two 2nd the second III 3 three 3rd the third IV 4 four 4th the fourth V 5 five 5th the fifth VI 6 six 6th the sixth VII 7 seven 7th the seventh VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth IX 9 nine 9th the ninth X 10 ten 10th the tenth XI 11 eleven 11th t
9、he eleventh XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth XX 2
10、0 twenty 20th the twentieth XXI 21 twenty-one 21st the twenty-first XXV 25 twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth
11、XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth IC 99 ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth CII 102 a hundred 102nd the(one) hundred and two and second 246 two hundred and forty-six 751 seven hundred and fifty-one (2)1000以上的数词 1,000 = one thousand 一千 10,000 = ten thousand 一万 100,00
12、0 = one hundred thousand 十万 1,000,000 = one million 一百万 10,000,000 = ten million 一千万 100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿 (3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法： 英国 美国 十亿 one thousand million = one billion 百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion 千亿 one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion 万亿 one billion = one tr
13、illion 2.Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。 1/2 = a(or one) half 1/3 = a(or one) third 1/4 = a quarter or one fouth 1/5 = a(or one) fifth 2/3 = two thirds 9/10 = nine tenths 53/4 = five and three quarters 15/64= fifteen over(or by) sixty-four 15% = fifteen per cent 4 = four per mill 3.Decimals 小数 0.4 =
14、 zero(or nought) point four .01 = point(or decimal) nought one 12.34 = twelve point three four 567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine 30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring 0.3% = decimal three percent 4.Mathematic Forms 数学式 (1) Addition 加法 1+2=3 One and two are three
15、. 2+3=5 Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four. 45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are(or make) 267 the sum(or total) is 267. 演算时的读法： Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make t
16、hirteen,and three sixteen; I write down six and carry one. One and one(that I carry) are two; I put down two.- The sum(or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80 and 143 added together, and(or make) 260. (2)Subtraction 减法 9-4=5 Nine minus four equals(or is equal to) fiv
17、e. 15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight. 23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175(take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479. Nine from five wont go. 演算时的读法：Nought from nought(leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought(or nothing). Two from three(leaves) one. I can
18、t take(or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten; five from fourteen leaves nine.- The difference(or The remainder) is nine thousand one hundred. 5210(take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100. (3)Multiplication 乘法 10=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought. 11=1 Once one is one. 21=2 Twic
19、e one is two. 35=15 Three times five is fifteen 60=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing. 演算时的读法: Five times nine(or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four(that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write down nine and
20、carry three. Five times six make thirty and three(that I carry) thirty-three; I put down thirty-three. Eight times nine(or Eight nine) are seven two; I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight and s
21、ix fifty-four; I write down fifty-four. I now add the partial results(or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are six and one are seven. Four and three make seven. Five. (4)Division 除法 93=3 Nine divided by three maks(or is equal to) three. 205=4 Five into twenty goes four times.
22、456723=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder. The quctient is 198, and 13 remainder. 演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen wont go ; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five; one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred and
23、thirty-eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven. The(exact) quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder; 15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder. 5.Time 时间 (1)Hours 钟点 2h.58“ = two hours five min
24、utes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒 6.18 = six eighteen 6时18分 8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.ei em 上午8时30分 the 6.05 p.m.train = the six(nought) five p.m.pi:em train 下午6时零5分列车 又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下： 0900 = 0 nine hunderd(上午)9时 0910 = 0 nine ten(上午)9时10分 1300 = thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时) 1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15
25、时25分(下午3时25分) 2000 = twenty hundred 20时(下午8时) at 5 oc =at five oclock 五点钟 (2)Date 日期 Oct.1 =October first 10月1日 Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日 Ist Oct. 1949 = teh first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日 3/5 = 英May(the) third 5月3日；美March fifth 3月5日 附注联系日期前置词用on. (3)Year 年份 684 B.C. =Six e
26、ighty-four B.C. bi:si: 公元前684年 1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty 19- nineteen something 1950s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代 附注联系年份的前置词用in. 6.Numbers 号码 (1)Telephones Numbers 电话号码 1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three 1227 = one double two(or two two) seven 0386 = O three eight six 009
27、6 = double O(or O O )nine six 7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand No.26= Number 26 第26号 Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房间 10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10号 (2)Writings 书籍作品 Vol.I = Volume one(or the first volume) 卷一 Chap.II= Chapter two(or the second chapter) 第2章 Page 3 = page Three(
28、or the third page) 第3页 See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10页 Act V = Act five(or the fifth act) 第5幕 Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 哈姆雷特第3幕第一场第56行 Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 马可福音第七章第12节 Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号 4t
29、o = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开 (3)Other 其他 World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战 World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战 Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世 Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世 Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生 Mr.B - = Mr. B -Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生 t
30、he town of = the town of Blank 某某城 The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。 7.Money 货币 (1)British currency 英币 6d. = six pence 六便士 1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士 11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半 1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元 33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元 1s.6d.(or 1
31、/6) = one(shilling) and six(pence) 一先令六便士 1.18 =(or1.18s.)= one pound eighteen(shillings) 一镑十八先令 1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings(and) sixpence 4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.) = four(shillings) and five pence halfpenny (2)U.S. currency 1.20 dollar(and) twenty(cents) 美金一元二角 4.25 = four dollars twenty-five c
32、ents 美金四元二角五分 (3)Soviet currency 前苏联币 6 Rb. 15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比 (4) German currency 德币 1 m. 60 = one mark sixty pfennig -马克六十芬尼 (5)French currency 法国币 1 fr.30 = one franc. thirty(centimes) -法郎三十生丁 0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁 (6) Chinese Peoples Currency 人民币 1.50 = one yuan a
33、nd a half 一元五角 JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five(fen) 人民币十元三角五分 附注：yuan单复数没有变化：也可作为日本本位币“圆”的符号。 8. Weight and Measures 度量衡 (1)length,area, and volume 长度、面积和容积 3 in = three inches 三英寸 15 ft.5 in = fifteen foot five(inches) 十五英尺五英寸 附注 尤其在inches省略时, ft.读作foot;如果inches也念出来，ft可以读作fett. 186 5/1“= eight
34、een foot six and a fifth(inches) 108feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽 5“431/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸，宽四英寸，高三英寸半 附注 以上二例中，乘号表示面积或容积。 (2)Weight 重量 12 dr. 23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱 10 oz. 4 dr. = Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰 (3)Capacity 容量 3 gi. = three gi
35、lls 三及耳 1 qt. 1 pt = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱 附注 qt.,pt. 的复数是qts.,pts.,也可以不加s. 20 gal. 5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱 5 bu. 3 pk. = Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克 中国人读做： 1、“积分”； 2、从 x1 积到 x2； 英美人士读做： 1、Integrate 2、Integral 3、Integration 都可以。 定积分： Definite Integration 不定积分：Indefinite In
36、tegration 微分的中文读法： 或 dy、dx, 或 对y求导、y的导数为。 微分的英文的读法: 或 dy over dx; 或 y prime 或 differentiate y 或 derivative of y 或 differentiation of y “微分”书面语的简略表示法是： Differentiate the following wrtx. (对下列函数求y对x的导数) wrtx = w.r.t.x. = with respect to x 偏微分： 英文读法：Partial y over partial x partial y,partial x 中文读法：偏y,偏x.
