1、张伟红,第十二讲 正反说 Affirmation & Negation,2010-12-2,张伟红,1)Dont stop working. 不要停止干活。 继续干活吧。（反说正译） 2)He went into the insecure building. 他走进了那座不安全的大楼。 他走进了那座危楼。（反说正译） 3)He realized that he was in trouble. 他意识到自己遇到麻烦了。 他感到处境不妙。（正说反译） 英语的否定含义：否定词、含有否定意义的词汇、句子结构和特定表达汉语的否定：词汇（不，非，否，勿，别，无，未，莫，不是，没有，决不，毫不，几乎不，几乎
2、没有，等）,张伟红,主要内容,一、英汉翻译中的正反说 1. 英语句子含有否定词 2. 英语中含有表示否定含义的其他词汇 3. 其他特殊情况 二、汉英翻译中的正反说 三、练习,张伟红,一、英汉翻译中的正反说,1. 英语句子含有否定词： no, not, never, none, neither, nor, nobody, nothing, nowhere, not at all； hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few; all, both, everyone, everybody, everythingnot; not entirely/ a
3、ltogether/ absolutely/ wholly/ always,张伟红,Eg. 1)This electric motor doesnt work properly. 这部电机运转不正常。 2) No sound was heard. 没有听到声音。/ 一点声音也听不到。/听不到一点声音。 3)I dont suppose they will object to my suggestion. 我想他们不会反对我的建议的。 4)None of my friends smoke. 我的朋友都不抽烟。/ 我的朋友没有一个人抽烟。 5)He is no professor. /He is
4、not a professor. 他根本不是教授。/ 他不是教授。 6)He is not better than you./He is no better than you. 他不比你好。/他跟你一样坏。,张伟红,7)All that glitters is not gold. 并非所有发光的都是金子。/发光的并非都是金子。 8)The responsibility is not altogether mine. 责任并不全在于我身上。 9)I can hardly find any mistakes in her translation. 在她的译文中，我几乎找不到任何错误。 10)The
5、re is nothing unusual there. 那里没有不正常的情况。（双重否定） 那里的一切都很正常。（肯定） 11)I have brought back your servant not without risk and danger. 我冒着危险才把你的仆人带了回来。（肯定）,张伟红,2. 英语中含有表示否定含义的其他词汇,(1)具有否定意义的动词或动词词组 miss, deny, lack, refuse, escape, resist, reject, fail, wonder, exclude, forbid, give up, keep up with, savefr
6、om, shut ones eyes to, keep off, live up to Eg.1)The engine failed to start. 发动机打不着火。 2)The drain just refused to work. 排水管就是不排水。 3) Keep off the grass. 勿踏草坪。,张伟红,(2)具有否定意义的名词 Failure, refusal, absence, shortage, reluctance, ignorance, loss, exclusion, lack Eg.1)Her absence from the meeting made us
7、surprised. 她没有出席/缺席会议，我们感到非常吃惊。 2) Ignorance of law excuses nobody. 不懂法不能成为任何人违法的借口。 3)The project was broken off by the shortage of funds. 由于资金不足/短缺，工程陷于停顿。,张伟红,(3)具有否定意义的形容词和形容词词组,absent, different, reluctant, ignorant, short of, safe from, far from, free from, blind to, the last Eg.1)He is the la
8、st man she wants to meet. 她最不愿见到的人就是他。 2)John was reluctant to accept the position. 约翰不太愿意接受这个职位。 3)The newspaper accounts are far from being true. 报纸上的报道绝不是/远非事实。 4)Parents are often blind to their own childrens problems. 父母常常看不见自己孩子的问题。,张伟红,（4）具有否定意义的副词和副词短语,hardly, barely, otherwise, safely, shor
9、tly, vainly, tooto, toofor, Eg.1)We may safely say so. 我们这样说万无一失/准错不了。 2)You evidently think otherwise. 你显然有不同想法。 3)Shortly after her husbands death, she went west to follow him. 丈夫去世后不久，她便追随他而去。 4)He is too young to go to school. 他年纪太小，还不能上学。,张伟红,（5）具有否定意义的介词或介词短语,above, beyond, beneath, past, in s
10、pite of, but for, instead of, rather than, in vain, in the dark Eg.1)These girls are all under 20. 这些女孩子都不满20岁。 2)Mr. Smith was above reproach. 史密斯先生是无可指责的。 3)Her beauty is beyond compare. 她的美无与伦比。 4)The doctor is out of town at the weekend. 周末医生不在城里。 5)But for her help, I wouldnt work out the probl
11、em. 没有她的帮助/要不是因为她的帮助，我不会做出来那道题。,张伟红,（6）具有否定意义的连词和连词词组,before, since, till, unless, until, would ratherthan Eg.1)Ill do it now before I forget it. 在我忘记之前，我先做这件事。 趁着还没忘记，我现在就来做这件事。 2)Hell certainly come unless he is ill. 除非他病了，否则他肯定来。 只要他没有生病，他肯定会来。 3)I would rather go hungry than go begging. 我宁愿挨饿也不去
12、乞讨。 就是饿死，我也不会去乞讨。,张伟红,3.其他特殊情况,形式上否定，意义上肯定 Eg. 1)Speeches cannot be made long enough for the speakers, nor short enough for the hearers. 对发言者来说，讲话越长越好；对听众来说，讲话越短越好。 2)Im afraid I cant finish the work until tomorrow. 恐怕明天我才能完工。 3)There is no man but errs.（相当于关系代词） 人人都会犯错误。/没有人不犯错误。 4)He never opens h
13、is mouth but he tells a lie.（相当于连词） 他一开口就说谎。 5)I cannot but admire his courage.（相当于一个固定用法） 我不能不佩服他的勇气。/我必须要佩服他的勇气。,张伟红,形式上肯定，意义上否定,Eg.1)The boy becomes very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear. 这个男孩变得非常无礼，到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。 2)He is anything but a scholar. 他绝对不是一个学者。 3)Its still raining hea
14、vily outside; we may as well stay here over the night. 外面依然在下着大雨，我们还不如待在这里过夜呢。 4)It is a wise father that knows his own child. 再聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的孩子。 5)It is a gentle horse that never casts its rider. 再温顺的马也会摔下骑手。,张伟红,二、汉英翻译中的正反说,Eg. 1)他在这上面费了很多力。 He took no little pain over it. 2)我对你万分感激。 I couldnt than
15、k you enough. 3)更糟糕的是，他完全不顾大家的意见。 Worse still, he totally ignored others advice. 4)他未能履行诺言，我们大家都很失望。 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us. 5)他们从此以后过着无忧无虑的生活。 They lived a life free from any trouble ever after.,张伟红,课堂练习,1)He had few opportunities. 2)The weather keeps dry. 3)Dont fail to let me know as soon as possible. 4)那决不是明朝的建筑。 5)他决不会做这样的事。 6)他不在，我感到很寂寞。 7)她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动。,
