1、第八章 苯脂肪族化合物 aliphatic compound芳香族化合物 aromatic compound芳香性 aromaticity苯 benzene萘 naphthalene蒽 anthracence菲 phenanthrene甲苯 toluene苯胺 phenylamine苯甲酸 benzoic acid苯甲醛 benzaldehyde苯酚 phenol苯磺酸 benzene sulfonic acid邻 ortho 间 meta 对 para连 vicinal 偏 unsymmetrical 均 symmetrical苯基 phenyl芳基 aryl第九章 醛和酮Aldehyde
2、醛Ketone 酮Nucleophilic Addition 亲核加成carbonyl group 羰基Acyl group 酰基electrophilic 亲电的Nucleophilic 亲核的acid catalyzed reaction 酸催化反应Steric factors 立体因素Electronic factors 电子因素nucleophilic addition reactions. 亲和加成反应The Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide 加氢氰酸反应The Addition of Sodium bisulfite 加亚硫酸反应The addition o
3、f organometallic compounds 加金属有机化合物The addition of H2O 加水反应The addition of Alcohol 加醇反应Essential structural feature 必不可少的结构特征Mechanism 机理Acetals as Protecting Groups 保护羰基The addition of Nitrogen Nucleophiles 加胺及氨的衍生物Formation of Imine Derivatives 亚胺的形成Acidity of -Hydrogens 活泼氢的反应KetoEnol Tautomerism
4、 酮式 烯醇互变Acid-Catalyzed Halogenation 酸化卤化Base-Promoted Halogenation 碱性促进卤化Aldol Condensation 羟醛缩合Oxidation of Aldehyde 醛(酮)氧化反应Hydride Reduction Reagents 用金属氢化物还原Meerwein-Ponndorf Reduction 麦尔外英彭杜尔夫还原反应Cannizzaro reaction 康尼查尔反应Wittig ReactionOxidation of Alcohol 醇的氧化Oxidation of Alkene and Alkyne 烯烃
5、和炔烃的制备Control Oxidation of Side chain of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 芳香烃的控制氧化Friedel-Crafts Acylation 付克酰基化Michael AdditionsDiels-Alder Addition第十章 酚Phenol and Quinone酚 醌Reactions related to the hydroxy group酚羟基的反应Claisen RearangementClaisen 重排反应phase transfer catalyst PTC相转移催化剂Fries RearangementFries 重排反
6、应Friedel-Crafts Reaction 复克反应 烷基化与酰基化Kolbe Schmidt 反应 类似格式试剂与有机锂进攻二氧化碳Reimer Timann 反应 酚类与碱性溶液氯仿一起在临位引入醛基第十一章 羧酸substitued carboxylic acid 取代羧酸carbonyl group 羰基aldehydes and ketones 醛和酮nomenclature 系统命名法saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸monocarboxylic acid 一元酸 dimonocarboxylic a
7、cid 二元酸polymonocarboxylic acid 多元酸2-butenoic acid 2-丁烯酸(巴豆酸)(IUPAC 命名法中,将母体烃去掉词尾 e,加上 oic acid)3,4,5-trihyroxybenzoic acid 3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸(没食子酸)3-hydroxy-3-carboxypentandioic acid 3-羟基-3-羧基戊二酸(柠檬酸)Methionine 蛋氨酸 pyruvic acid 丙酮酸-acyl 酰基 -acetyl 乙酰基conjugate acidbase 共轭酸 碱carboxylate anion 羧酸盐阴离子sodium
8、and potassium carboxylate salts 钠和钾盐electron-withdrawing Groups吸电子基团electron-releasing Groups 给电子基团field effect 场效应Ortho effect 邻位效应steric hindrance 空间位阻carboxylic acid derivatives羧酸衍生物acylhalide 酰氯anhydride 酸酐carboxylester 羧酸酯amide 酰胺cyanide 氰化物hydrolysis 水解esterification 酯化反应reversible reaction 可逆
9、反应decarboxylation 脱羧第十二章 羧酸衍生物carboxylic acid derivatives羧酸衍生物acylhalide 酰卤anhyride 酸酐carboxylester 羧酸酯amide 酰胺nitrile 腈acyl 酰基命名中词尾的变化:酰卤: -oic acid 改为 -yl halide或 carboxylic acid 改为 carbonyl halide酰胺: -oic acid -ic acid 改为 -amide酸酐:-acid 改为 -anhyride酯:-ic acid 改为 -ate腈:在相应烃的英文名称后加nitrilemethoxycar
10、bonyl 甲氧甲酰基acetyloxy 乙酰氧基aminocarbamoyl 氨甲酰基chloroformyl 氯甲酰基cyano 氰基nucleophilic addition-elimination亲核加成消除hydrolysis 水解氨解:ammonolysis醇解:alcoholysis酰氧键:acyl-oxygen bond烷氧键:alkyl-oxygen bond四面体中间体:tetrahedral intermediateprotonation 质子化tetrahedral cation 四面体正离子cyclic acid anhydride 环状酸酐ester exchang
11、e 酯交换amic aci 酰胺酸 dacylation 酰化反应acylating agen 酰化剂 tNBS N溴代丁二酰亚胺第十三章 碳负离子的反应Carbanion 碳负离子Enolate ion 烯醇负离子KetoEnol Tautomerism 酮式-烯醇式互变异构现象Racemization 外消旋化Condensation reaction 缩合反应 Condensation agent 缩合剂Perkin Condensation 柏琴反应Knoevenagel Reaction 克脑文格尔反应Darzen Reaction 达参反应Claisen condensation
12、克莱森缩合Ethyl Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸乙酯Alkylation 烷基化Acylation 酰基化Diethyl malonate 丙二酸二乙酯Malonic Ester 丙二酸酯Dihalide 二卤化Stork enamine reaction 斯陶克烯胺反应第十四章 有机含氮化合物nitro compounds 硝基化合物 imine 亚胺nitro-group 硝基(NO 2) Amines 胺类Nitrite ester 亚硝酸酯Primary amines 一级胺Secondary amines 二级胺Tertiary amine 三级胺quaternary amm
13、onium salt 四级铵盐类methylamine 甲胺 ethylamine 乙胺cyclohexylamine 环己胺arenediazonium salts 芳香重氮盐Schotten-Baumann (肖特-鲍曼)反应diazotization 重氮化反应ring-expansion reaction 扩环反应N-nitrosoamines N-亚硝基胺Nitrosation 亚硝基化反应第十五章 杂环化合物Heterocyclic 杂环化合物Aromatic heterocyles 芳杂环化合物Nicotinic acid 烟酸Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Azole 唑Pyr
14、role 吡咯Furan 呋喃Thiophene 噻吩Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃Pyrazole 吡唑Imidazole 咪唑Oxazole 噁唑Thiazole 噻唑Isoxazole 异恶唑Pyridine 吡啶Pyran 吡喃Pyridazime 哒嗪Pyrimidine 嘧啶Pyrazine 吡嗪Pyperazine 哌啶Indole 吲哚Benzimidazole 苯并咪唑Carbazole 咔唑Quinoline 喹啉Isoquinoline 异喹啉Pteridine 蝶啶Purine 嘌呤Acridine 吖啶Phenazine 吩嗪Phenothiazine 吩噻嗪