1、复合句副词性(状语)从句 副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。状语从句时间从句1 引导时间从句常用到下列词或词组：a. 用从属连词 when(ever), while, as, before, after, since, ever since, till, until, once, now(that), as long as, as soon as 等引导，如：After / When we had finished tea we all began to dan
2、ce.Ill call you as soon as I get there.b. 有 as soon as 意义的副词，如 immediately, instantly, directly 等，如：Immediately / Instantly the button is pressed, the mine explodes.c. 某些表示时间的名词词组，如 the moment / minute / instant (= as soon as), every / each time (= whenever), the day, the year 等，如：The moment / minut
3、e / instant the boy saw his mother, he stopped crying.Every / Each time Mother came to see me, she would bring me something to eat.He got ill the day he came back.d. 一些意为“一就”的关连从属连词，如 no sooner than, hardly / scarcely / barely when 等，no sooner, hardly，barely 置于句首时要用倒装结构，如：I had no sooner reached hom
4、e than the telephone rang.= No sooner had I reached home than the telephone rang.2 时间从句常可转化成下列结构：a. 分词短语或分词的独立结构，如：When we arrived (= Arriving) at the station, we found the train gone.After the task was finished (= The task finished), we went to the bathroom right away.b. “on + V-ing” 结构，如：As he ste
5、pped (= On stepping) out of the car he was seized by two men.c. 时间从句的主语和主句主语相同而谓语是复合谓语时，可把从句的主语和连系动词省去，转化成连词引导的分词、名词、形容词、介词等短语，如：While (I was) waiting at the station, I read the newspaper.When (he was) still a boy he wrote some short poems.When (they are) ripe, these apples are sweet.They had an acc
6、ident while (they were) on their way to the factory.地点从句通常由从属连词 where 和 wherever 引导，如：Where there is a will there is a way.Wherever they went, they were warmly welcomed.条件从句由 if, unless, as (so) long as, provided / providing (that), suppose / supposing (that), in case 等引导，如：If he comes Ill tell you.
7、You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard. (=You will fail if you dont work hard.)Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句由 although, though, even though, even if, whether . or
8、, while, as, wh-words + ever (= no matter + wh-words) 等从属连词引导，如：He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which) plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点：a.although (though) 不
9、可与连词 but 连用；b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似，但表示的语气较强，并须将强调的词放在句首（但不用 although） ，如：Simple as(though) the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中，however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词，如：However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldnt remember all the questions.对比从句表示
10、两个人或两件事之间的对比，常用 while 或 whereas 引导，如：He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.原因从句主要由下列从属连词引导：1 Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强，表示直接、主要原因，通常引导的从句放在句尾，特别是回答 why 提出的 问题只能用 because; as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：They had to move because the
11、ir building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing. 2 now that, seeing (that), considering (that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近，通常用于书面语，并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义，表示“既然”，说明一种新情况；seeing (that) 和 considering (that)
12、 有“条件”含义；in that 有“某一方面”含义，如：Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing (that) they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.结果从句常用 so that, so . that, such . that, that 等连词引导，如：I was caught in a shower, so that all my c
13、lothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldnt catch him.目的从句常用 so that, in order (that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导，如：I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so
14、that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句，但结果从句表示事实，通常不含情态动词；目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实 ，通常含有情态动词，如：He got up early so that he caught the train.（结果）He got up early so that he could (might) catch the train.（目的）Lest 和 for fear (that) 含有否定意义，并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 “should + V.” 的虚拟语气，如：He ran away lest he (should) be caught.(= He ran aw
15、ay in order that he would not be caught.)I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldnt be any mistakes.)方式从句主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导，如：He doesnt speak the way as other people do.Our
16、 bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if (as though) he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，但如果主句谓语是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the l
17、ast one.比较从句主要由 as . as, not so (as) . as, than 等连词引导，如：This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so (as) fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.比例从句由关联词 the . the . 连接形容词或副词比较级构成，如：The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句如 as . so 和 what . that 引导
18、的类比从句；so (as) far as 引导的范围从句；except that 引导的例外从句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等，如：As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。 ）What blood vessel is to a mans body, that railway is to transportation.（铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人的身体。 ）As (So) far as I know, he is an
19、 honest man.（据我所知，他是一个诚实的人。 ）I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我会很高兴去做的。 ）Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他宁可沿街乞讨，也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。 ）He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他宁可要那个小的，而不愿要那个大的。 ）常考知识点：1.条件状语从句的常考知识点(1
20、)if 与 unless 的用法。if 和 unless 都是引导条件状语从句的连词，应尤其注意 unless 的用法，因为它表示反面条件，相当于 if not“如果不” 、 “除非” 。如：Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the cars wont catch on in a big way unless drivers can fill them up at the gas station.In debating, one must correct the o
21、pponents facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that what he presents as proof, if relevant, is sufficient.(2)复合连词 as long as， so long as，as far as，on condition that，in the event that；动词及分词 provided(that)，providing(that)，given that, suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say 等引导条件状语从句。如：If left a
22、lone by humans, they (the forests) can regenerate, as long as there are seed trees in the neighborhood and the soil has not lost all its nutrients.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train.Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times,
23、 he is sure to pass the test.In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her.(如果)You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.(如果 )Suppose it rained, we would still go.(假如)Say it were true, what would you do about it? (假如)(3)祈使句表示条件。如：Talk to anyone in t
24、he drug industry, and youll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.Dress warmly, or else youll catch cold.Hurry up, or the tickets will have been sold out by the time we get there.2.让步状语从句的常考知识点(1)as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置
25、于句首。如：Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.Tired as he was, we decided to disturb him.Humble as it may be, there is no place like home.(2)while 引导让步从句。如:Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wou
26、ldnt cheat under any circumstances.While its true that we all need a career, preferably a profitable one, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledgebe it scientific or artistic.(3)复合连接词 for all that 和分词 granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如:Granted you have m
27、ade much progress, you should not be conceited.For all that computers can provide us with great help, they shouldnt be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.3.时间状语从句的常考知识点(1)before 表示汉语的 “只有/ 必须才能” 。如:Electronics must be programmed before they can work.New ideas sometimes
28、 have to wait for years before they are fully accepted.有时候新的思想必须等待多年以后才能被人们完全接受。(2)when 引导时间从句时，如果出现在后半句，则表示“这/ 那时突然” 。如：He was almost hurt when the bus came to a sudden stop.(1991 年 6 月四级考题)I have just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard the voices.(3)when it comes to 是习惯用法
29、，意为“当谈到时” 。如：Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.(4)名词短语、介词短语 each /every time, the moment/second/minute, in the time, by the time 起连词作用。如 :I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back ne
30、xt year.If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you
31、feeling all right?”Mercurys velocity is so much greater than the Earths that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.(5)副词 directly, immediately, instantly, now 引导时间从句, 相当于 as soon as。如:The policemen went into action directly they heard t
32、he alarm.4.原因状语从句的常考知识点(1)in that 引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为” 、 “就在于” 。如:Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.(2)now that 表示 “既然
33、” ; seeing that, considering 表示“鉴于” 、 “考虑到” 。如:Now that we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once.He did poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had tried for them.Seeing she is lawfully enough to get married, I dont think how you can stop her.其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有
34、: for the (simple) reason that, by reason that, on the grounds that, in as much as, in so far as 等。5.while, whereas 引导对比从句如:While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade, violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.A baby might show fear of an u
35、nfamiliar adult, whereas he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.6.sothat, with the result that, so much so that 引导结果状语从句如:Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to that it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself
36、.Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university with the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it.7.in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
37、 (用虚拟语气) 引导目的状语从句如:Give me your telephone number, in case I need your help.Helen listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what John wanted.8.where 作为连接副词的一种用法, 翻译为“在地方”如:In Japan, a persons capabilities are not forced into an inflexible specialty. Where there is willingness and in
38、telligence, there is a place within the company to try and to succeed.Where the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator, the trade wind causes a flow of water to the west.as 及相关短语的试题年年都有，而且有几个知识点的重现率相当高，有必要归纳分析，以便从中发现规律,科学备考1.as 用于倍数表达法 A) 倍数 +asas 是的几倍 B)倍数+the(size/length/width/height)of 体积（长、宽、高）是的几倍
39、【典例】 What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long. A. half not as wide asB. wide not as half as C. not half as wide asD. as wide as not half At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _ Great Britain. A. three times the size asB. the size three times of C. three times as the size ofD. t
40、hree times the size of 2.as 用于比较级表达法 A ） as+形容词/副词+as 和一样 B)not so+形容词/副词+as 不如 The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _ I did. A. as much asB. as long asC. as soon asD. as far as Our neighbor has _ ours. A. as a big house asB. as big a house as C. the same big house asD.
41、 a house the same big as 3.as 用于“as+形容词/副词+as”表程度。意为：长(高，宽，厚，重等) 达 After supper she would sit by the fire sometimes for _ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. A. as long asB. as soon as C. as much asD. as many as John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. A. five foot ei
42、ght as tall asB. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall asD. as tall five foot eight as 4.as 引导非限定性定语从句的用法。意为:这一点，代表一句话或一件事 注意:as 和 which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别：1.as 位置比较灵活，可以放在句中，句首，句尾。2.which 不可以放在句首位置。3.表示“正如”之意时多用 as。 _ I explained on the phone your request will be considered at the next m
43、eeting. A. WhenB. AfterC. As D. Since _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. WhichB. WhenC. WhatD. As 5.as 用于引导让步状语从句用倒装句 其结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词原型+as (though)+其它。 注意：1.当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；2.主谓并不倒装。 _， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he
44、may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Might she as tryB. As she might try C. She might as tryD. Try as she might 6.as/so long as 表示：“只要” _ I know the money is safe, Ill not worry about it. A. As
45、long asB. As far asC. As well asD. As often as 7.as 的连词用法：“ 当时候”， “随着”“ 一边一边” Mother was worried because little Alice was ill especially _ Father was away in France. A. asB. thatC. duringD. if _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. WithB. SinceC. WhileD. As 8.as 的介词用法：“ 作为” 常用搭配有：A)act/work/se
46、rve as 充当/ 担任B)treat/regard/consider/think of/look upon/refer toas把看成 C)be known/famous as作为而闻名 I feel that one of my main duties _ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. A. forB. byC. asD. with 9.as far as表示：“ 据”， “就”，否定句用 so far as 注意：1.as far as I know据我所知 2.as far as I can
47、judge 据我判断 3.as far as Im concerned 就我而言，以我来说。 _ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long asB. As far asC. Just asD. Even if 10.as a result/consequence 因而 【典例】 My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _, he could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a re
48、sultB. after allC. any wayD. otherwise 11.so as to 引导目的状语(不可置于句首) All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receive C. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receiving 12.as 引导限定性定语从句,用于 such/so/the same/asas中，其特点是“ 先行词”前有 such/so/the
49、same/as 修饰。as 可充当主语，宾语。如: A computer is so useful a machine _ we can use everywhere. A. thatB. whichC. asD. what The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no one can lift. A. thatB. asC. whichD. and He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with _. A. as; himB. that; 不填 C. as; 不填 D. whom; him 13.as 表达“也一样” ，此用法类似于 so 的用法 She is unusually tall, as are both her parents. 她特别高，她父母也都那么高。 He has a computer, as do I. 他有一台电脑，我也有
