1、Classes of Adverb(副词)1. Syntactic Function (副词的句法功能) 2. Adverbs With or Without -ly (带 -ly 及不带 -ly 的副词)3. Position of Adverbs (副词的位置)4. The Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adverbs (副词的比较级和最高级 ) 1.副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、一些不定代词、数词、介词和名词词组，如：You did the job quite well.I am extremely free today.The
2、y set out shortly after lunch.That man there looks like my uncle.Nearly everybody came to our party.They have improved roughly half the equipment. 2.有些副词用来修饰整个句子或从句，如：Usually we eat breakfast at 7.I dont know exactly when I can come.3.有些副词可以用作表语、介词宾语、宾语补足语或定语，如：When will your mother be back?I didnt
3、tell him about it till recently.I saw him out.Who was the then chairman of our country?1. 有些副词有两种形式，即形容词充当的副词和形容词 + ly 构成的副词。其中一部分副词，两者间意义无多大差别，只不过不带 -ly 的副词常用于非正式英语，如：Dont speak so loud (loudly). 常见的还有：clear clearly（清楚地）wrong wrongly（错误地）fair fairly（公正地）quick quickly（迅速地）2. 另外一部分副词，两者之间意义差别较大，常见的有：
4、hard（努力地） hardly（几乎不）near（近） nearly （几乎）high（高高地） highly（高度地）most（最） mostly（大部分）just（正好，刚才） justly（公正地）late（晚） lately（最近）short（突然） shortly（立刻）pretty（相当地） prettily（漂亮地）1.多数副词都位于动词之后，如有宾语，则置于宾语之后，如：Please read this book carefully. 2.频度副词，如：often,always,never,seldom 等，通常都放在动词前面，但若句子里有一至三个助动词时，副词一般置于第一个
5、助动词之后；如果为了强调助动词，可以移至其前，如：He seldom studies, so I think he will never be successful.You never can tell.3.程度副词常位于所修饰的词前，而 enough 则放在所修饰的词之后，如：She said that she didnt quite agree with me.He swam quickly enough to pass the test.4.疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和一些修饰整个句子的副词常放在句子或从句的开头，如：How did you like the book you read
6、 yesterday?Obviously, I am responsible for the whole thing.I still remember the day when we first met.5.强调副词 only, even 常放在它所修饰的词之前，如：Only she used this tool.She used only this tool.Even she cant do well in this examination.She cant even do well in this examination.6.为了强调，有些副词如 never, seldom, hardly
7、 等也可放在句首，这时主谓语位置要颠倒，如：Never have I seen such a wonderful film.7.如句中有两个或两个以上的时间或地点副词（或状语），先后顺序按从小到大排列，如：The meeting was held at eight oclock on the morning of Monday.He lives at 76 Brooklyn Avenue, New York 9 , N.Y. U.S.A.1.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则有两种：两个和两个音节以上的副词都是在原级前加 more 和 most，只有少数单音节词和个别双音节词在词尾加 -er 和 -
8、est，如：fast faster fastestearly earlier earliestbrightly more brightly most brightly 有少数不规则形式，如：well better bestbadly worse worstmuch more mostlittle less leastlate later lastfar farther/further farthest/furthest2.副词有三个比较等级。a.原级常用“as 原级 as”结构，否定形式为“not as(so) as”。在 as(so) as 结构前可用 just, almost, half,
9、 nearly 等词表示程度。 as 从句后可省略可省的词。如：He doesnt smoke half as (so) heavily as his friends.b.比较级常用 “比较级than”结构，否定形式用“not as(so) as ”或用“less than ”结构。比较级前可用 much, a little, a great(good) deal , any, no, even, still, yet 或者“数词名词”构成的名词短语等来修饰。比较级也可单独使用。如：I came three hours earlier than others.No sooner had he
10、left the house than it began to rain.c.比较级“the more the more”结构表示“越就越”，“more and more ”表示“越来越”，如：The harder you study now, the better you will work in the future.It rained more and more heavily.d.比较级用于否定结构可表示 “最不过”，如：I cant agree with you more.e.最高级常用“the最高级比较范围”结构，比较范围为介词短语或从句，有时定冠词可省略，如：They all came early but she came (the) earliest of all.
