1、三级语法通关秘籍（一）虚拟语气用法讲解：虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而仅是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。1条件从句中的虚拟语气虚拟情况 条件从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 典型例句与现在的事实相反 did were would do I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. 与过去事实相反 had done would have done If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. did werewere
2、to do与将来事实相反 should dowould doWe would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow.If I were to do the examination I would do it some other way.混合虚拟从句与过去事实相反主句与现在事实相反had done would do It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Meli
3、nda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。通常的词或短语有：without“如果没有“, but for “要不是“, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (2001 上海春季)But for my classmates help, I would not have
4、 finished the work in time. (2004 三级题)Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well. ( 2004 三级题)注意：在虚拟条件句中，若有动词 were, should 或 had（+过去分词），可以省略if，且把这三个词放在主句之前，变成倒装句。如：What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank? (2001 上海)Had I realized you were busy,
5、 I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. (1996 三级题)Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. (2001 三级题)Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (2004 三级题)2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气动词 虚拟情况 宾语从句谓语形式典型例句与将来事实相反 would d
6、o I wish I would go to the Mars one day.与现在的事实相反 did were How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden. (2002 上海春季)wish与过去事实相反 had done Peter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college. (2000 三级题)would rather 与将来或现在事实相反 did were Do you mind if I
7、keep pets in this building?- Id rather you didnt, actually. (2000 上海)命令 order , command要求 request, demand, insist 建议 suggest, propose, recommend, adviseshould do (should 可以省略)Who do you suggest be sent to work there? (2002 上海 )I demand that the package be sent to myhouse in a week. had hoped“本来想要，本来
8、希望” would done I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.注意：表命令、请求、建议的词 order; request, demand, insist; suggest, propose, recommend, advise 其表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句的谓语动词都要用 should do 的形式，should 可以省略。但当 insist 表示 “坚持说”, suggest 表示 “暗示,表明”时,不用虚拟语气。The g
9、enerals command was that the soldiers leave their fort(城堡) and carry out more important tasks. (表语从句, 省略 should, 2002 三级题)Her suggestion that everybody sing a song was not appreciated. (同位语从句, 省略 should, 2001 三级题)She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持说他错了。His pale face suggests that he is in bad health
10、. 他面色苍白，说明他身体不好。3. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气句型 虚拟情况 从句谓语形式 典型例句与现在或未来事实相反的愿望would dowereIf only he were here! 要是他在这儿就好了。if only 引起的感叹句“要是 就好了 ”与过去事实相反的愿望had done Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had followed your advice. (2003 上海春季)It is (high/about) time sb. should do/ did“该是的时候了”注意：should 不能省略Lets finish o
11、ur homework in a few seconds. Its time we played football. (04三级题)It is (或 was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that+should + 动词原形常用的形容词：necessary, important,essential 常用的过去分词: (表命令、请求、建议的词)ordered, required , demanded , requested , desired suggested , recommendedIt is necessary that we (should) have a walk now.It i
12、s required that nobody (should) smoke here.与现在事实相反 did/ were When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. (NMET 1995)as if 和 as though 引起的虚拟语气 与过去事实相反 had done You are talking as if you had seen them.注意：1. 以上虚拟从句中的 would 可根据具体语言环境用 could, might, should 来代替。2. 如果 as if
13、和 as though 后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能是真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在 feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste 之后尤其如此。试比较：He walks as if he is drunk.He walks as if he were drunk.第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第 2 句则表示“他没有醉”。典例精析：1. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. （2007 山东）A. have got
14、B. got C. have got D. get答案：B。考查动词时态。解析：该题是通过虚拟语气考查动词时态的。根据后半句“would have been”判断，他们已经去了加拿大，所以我们判断这是与过去的事实相反的假设。本句含义相当于 “If they had not got two free tickets to Canada, theyd never have been able to afford to go.”2. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （2007 全国 II）A. If B. Since
15、C. Though D. When答案：A。解析：根据时态“would have won”可以判断出表示过去非真实情况。if 引导虚拟条件句，意为“如果”。这句话的意思是：如果约翰的腿没有受伤，他就会赢了这次赛跑。since 引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句，表示“自从以来”或“因为”。though 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”。所以选 A。3. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006 湖北)A. Would you be
16、 B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be答案：B。解析：此题是虚拟条件句的倒装句。在虚拟条件句中，若有动词 were, should 或had（+过去分词），可以省略 if，且把这三个词放在主句之前，变成倒装句。句意为：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会受到影响。4. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005 湖北)A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to答案：B。解析：据句意可判断这是对现在情况的虚拟条件句，“如果我能够计划我想做的事情”所以用 could，不用 would。
