1、 09 届白金卡学员专用1状语从句1. 时间状语从句【真题再现】The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connections with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how divers languages could be. 1.1 when 引导的时间状语从句hardlywhen. 它的意思是“几乎未来得及做完 A 这件事，紧接着就开始 B 这件事。 ”使用这个短语时，一般用过去完成时；
2、并且 when 有时可改用 before。Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 区别 as soon as 和 no soonerthanas soon as 意思相当于 “A 事情发生以后，就做 B 这件事 ”。 它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。Ill write you as soon as I get there. no soonerthan 意思相当于 “刚做完 A 这件事，就做 B 这件事”。He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. 当 when
3、与进行时完成时，以及 be going to do sth., be about to do sth., be on the point of doing sth.等表达搭配使用时，往往译为“这时”。I am about to leave home when it rains. 【真题再现】On a raining day I was driving north through Vermont _I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading“Boston”. A which B where C when D that【真题再现】Doing yo
4、ur homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _it comes to classroom tests. A before B as C since D when1.2 while 引导的时间状语while 表示“与同时” ，表明从句和主句的动作同时发生或进行，并且常有相反或者对比的语气。My mother is cooking, while I am doing my homework.while 引导的的从句作为主句动作发生的背景。I became a workaholi
5、c while living in Japan.【真题再现】The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive _avoiding market cycles. A but B while C and D whereas1.3 as 引导的时间状语从句as 表示“当时候” ， “与同时 ”， “随着” 。【真题再现】09 届白金卡学员专用2_industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing t
6、he number of employees, Manpower is booming.A For B Because C As D Since1.4 before 引导的时间状语从句译为“还没有来得及” ， 或“还没有等” ，强调主句动作发生得很快。He had disappeared before I saw him.译为“趁着还没有” ，强调主句动作的紧迫性。Ill go to see a film before I lose my interest.译为“不要” 。Before you criticize me, I think you should let me explain wh
7、y I did in that way.译为 “为了 ”，表示正向目的，相当于 so that 或 in order that。John studied very late these days before he could pass the exam.译为“以免” ， “以防” ， “别让” ，或者 “才不至于” ，表示反向目的，相当于 lest, in case,或 for fear that。Do it before you forget. The road should be repaired before any more accident occurs.译为 “不愿 ”， “不会
8、” ，和 will 或 would 搭配使用。Id shoot myself before I apologized to him! Death before dishonor. 1.5 directly, immediately, instantly 引导的时间状语从句副词 directly, immediately, instantly 可转化为连词，相当于 as soon as，表示“一就” 。Tell me instantly he arrives. The policemen went into action immediately they heard the alarm. 【练习
9、】Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possession takes him past points of no return before he fully appreciates the damage. 2. 原因状语从句【真题再现】We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spok
10、e them died out or became assimilated and lost their native language.2.1 because、as 和 since 引导的原因状语从句because 表示“因为” ，所表达的原因语气最强。The philanthropist donated $1 million because he wanted to give back something to society.as 表示“因为” ， 所表达的原因语气较弱。As the weather is so bad， we have to delay our journey. sin
11、ce 表示 “因为 ”， “既然” ，表达说话者认为已成为事实的原因，相当于 as it is a fact that。Since weve no money we cant buy a new car. 2.2 considering 引导的原因状语从句considering 表示“考虑到” ，其后可以跟 that。Considering the large order, we need more raw materials.09 届白金卡学员专用32.3 now that 引导的原因状语从句表示“既然” 。与 since 的不同之处在于，now that 引出的必须是一个新出现的事实或情况
12、，如果依然如故，和过去相比并没有变化，则不用 now that 引导。Now that you mention it, I do remember the incident.【真题再现】_we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A For that B Since that C Now that D Except that2.4 as long as 或 so long as 引导的原因状语从句as long as 或 so long as 表示“ 既然。因为” 。As long as youv
13、e offered, I accept.As long as weve driven this far, we might as well go on. 2.5 in that 引导的原因状语从句in that 表示 “因为” ，也可以理解为“体现在方面” 。Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.【真题再现】Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe _it provides the building blocks from
14、which the other elements are produced.A so that B but that C in that D provided that2.6 on the grounds that 引导的原因状语从句on the grounds that 表示“根据是” ， “理由是” 。I have to retire on the grounds that I am sick. 【练习】Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arisin
15、g from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.（00 年真题）3. 条件状语从句3.1 if 引导的条件状语从句If you work hard, you will make a good athlete. only 常和 if 搭配使用，表示唯一的条件，理解为“只有当时候” 。only 可放在 if 之前，也可放在 if 之后。if 表示“如果” 。The company will succeed only if it has suff
16、icient backing. 【真题再现】The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me _she could remember who last borrowed it. A ever since B much as C even though D if only3.2 unless 引导的条件状语从句unless 表示“除非” 、 “如果不” 。A man cant ride your back unless it is bent.09 届白金卡学员专用43.3 suppose或 s
17、upposing引导的条件状语从句suppose 或 supposing表示“假如” ，和 if 同义。Supposing that it rains, can we play the match indoors? 3.4 assuming 引导的条件状语从句assuming 表示“假如”“ 假定” ，和 if 同义，其后可以有 that。Farmers will have a good harvest, assuming the weather is favorable.3.5 provided或 providing引导的条件状语从句provided 或 providing表示“以为条件”
18、， “如果” ， 其后可以有 that。I will agree to go providing my expenses are paid. 【真题再现】You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting _you dont mind taking the night train.A provided B unless C though D until3.6 in case 引导的条件状语从句in case 表示“如果” ，表达对将来的假设。In case you need something, please dont hesitate to l
19、et me know. 3.7 as long as 或 so long as 引导的条件状语从句as long as 或 so long as表示 “只要” 。These stories reinforced the idea that all individuals, no matter how poor, were capable of becoming wealthy so / as long as they were hardworking. As long as live, I will help you. 3.8 on condition that 引导的条件状语从句on con
20、dition that 表示“如果” ， “在条件下” ，相当于 on the condition that。I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday. 3.9 on the understanding that 引导的条件状语从句on the understanding that 表示“在条件下” ，相当于 on the condition that。You can go out on the understanding that you wear an overcoat. 【真题再现】There i
21、s no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various braches of historical inquiry.4. 目的状语从句4.1 so that 引导的目的状语从句so that 表示“为了” ， “以便于” 。She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 oclock.
22、so that 中的 that 可以省略。Wan Jun does exercises everyday，so she could run fast. 【真题再现】A variety of activities should be organized _participants can remain active as long as they want. A if only B now that C so that D even if09 届白金卡学员专用54.2 in order that 引导的目的状语从句in order that 表示“为了” ，与 so that 用法相同，比 so
23、 that 更为正式。We walked as fast as we could in order to catch the train. 4.3 lest, in case, for fear that 引导的目的状语从句三个连词意义相同，都表示“以防” ， “以免” ，他们所引导的状语从句可使用虚拟语气。It may rain-youd better take an umbrella in case it rains. The old woman walked slowly for fear that she would slip 【真题再现】Give me your telephone
24、number _I need your help. A whether B unless C so that D in case5. 让步状语从句【练习】Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if a dispassionate view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.5.1 although 或 though 引导的让步状语从句although 和 t
25、hough 表示“尽管” ， “虽然” ；两者用法基本一致，差别在于：although 比though 在语气上稍强，再者， though 可以构成倒装，而 although 却不能。Although it was snowing, it was not very cold. Lets start as arranged though it rains tomorrow.注意：although 和 though 都不能与 but 连用。 【真题再现】_born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New Yor
26、k City. A Although B Since C As D When5.2 whereas 引导的让步状语从句whereas 表示“尽管” ， “虽然”,义同 although 或 though。He earns8000 a year whereas she gets at least 20000.5.3 while 引导的让步状语从句while 表示“尽管” ， “虽然” ,义同 although 或 though。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.5.4 as
27、 引导的让步状语从句as 可以表示“尽管” ， “虽然” ， 引导让步状语从句，但必须构成倒装。Young as I am, I already know what career to follow.5.5 whether 引导的让步状语从句whether 表示“不论” ，常和 or 或 or not 一起使用，也可以用 no matter whether 或 no matter if 替代。Im going whether you like it or not. 5.6 granted 或 granting 引导的让步状语从句granted 或 granting 表示“即使” ，其后可以跟
28、that。Granted (或 Granting) that she should come to lend you a hand, it doesnt mean she will.09 届白金卡学员专用65.7 even if 或 even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if 或 even though 表示“ 即使”“尽管” 。Ill help you, even if I dont sleep for a night. 【真题再现】We are extremely sensitive to smells, _we do not generally realize it.A
29、even if B if only C only if D as if【真题再现】_its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.A Even though B Now thatC If only D Provided that5.8 much as 或 much though 引导的让步状语从句much as 或 much though 表示“尽管” 。Much as I respect him, I cannot
30、agree with his idea. 5.9 no matter 引导的让步状语从句no matter 可以和 what, who, which, when, where, how 连用，分别表示“无论什么”“无论是谁” “无论哪个”“无论何时”“无论何地”“无论怎样” ，也可以写作whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however.需要注意，no matter when或whenever也可以看作时间状语从句的引导词，而 no matter where或 wherever也可以看作地点状语从句的引导词。由 no matter
31、 what或 whatever引导的让步状语从句Whatever I say just goes in one ear and out the other. Whatever business they go into seems to turn to gold.【真题再现】_it is youve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.A That B BecauseC Whatever D However由 no matter who或 whoever引导的让步状语从句Whoever wants to speak
32、to me on the phone, tell them Im busy.Tell whoever you like-it makes no difference to me.由 no matter which或 whichever引导的让步状语从句Whichever be the case，my situation remained the sameIt takes three hours, whichever route you take. 由 no matter how或 however引导的让步状语从句You can travel however you like. No matte
33、r how hard it may Be, do your best.【真题再现】She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework _hard she tries. A for B asC how D however【真题再现】Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysici
34、sts have been convinced for the 09 届白金卡学员专用7better part of a decade that it is true. 6. 结果状语从句6.1 so that 引导的结果状语从句so that 除了引导目的状语从句之外，也可以引导结果状语从句，表示“因此” “以至于” 。Lifts stopped working, so that you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs.6.2 sothat 引导的结果状语从句soth
35、at 表示“如此以至于” 。The play was so interesting that I went to see it several times. He so adores his daughters that he keeps buying them expensive toys.【真题再现】Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _it has all but lost the will and the skill to spea
36、k for itself.A as B which C that D what6.3 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句suchthat 表示 “如此以至于” ， such 修饰名词。It was such a cold day that we did not want to go out 有时，such 后没有名词，即 such that 用在一起。The damage was such that it would cost too much money to repair.【真题再现】It is _that well have to be very careful. A a so big
37、 work B a so big job C such a big job D such a big work6.4 so much so that 引导的结果状语从句so much so that 表示“达到这样的程度以至于” 。We are very busy-so much so that we cant manage to take a holiday this year.【真题再现】The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Eu
38、rope and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 【真题再现】And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.7. 方式状语从句7.1 as 引导的方式状语从句as 表示“以方式” ， “像
39、一样” ， “正如” 。Leave the table as it is. as 经常和副词 so 搭配，so 引导主句。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.09 届白金卡学员专用87.2 as if 或 as though 引导的方式状语从句as if 或 as though 表示“好象” 。两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛 似的“ ，“好像似的“。 They compl
40、etely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 （与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。 ）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。 （与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。 ）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。 （实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。 ）【真题再现】As is true of any develo
41、ped society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.【练习】1、The danger is that the technology itself will become the scapegoat for an increase in unsavory behavior of both media practitioners and others in the communications c
42、hain, when in fact it can only facilitate unethical conduct or perhaps offer a tempting excuse for such deportment. 2、Important as that view is, the field is changing rapidly, and the academic community can play a helpful role in dealing with the challenges and opportunities presented by online publications and other innovations.
