1、一、 情态动词（一）重点1. 情态动词后面加不定式的完成时，即“情态动词+have+ done”，用来表示过去时间的各种情态。用法如下：用在句子中，对过去的行为或发生动作的推测、评论或判断，表示某种事情“一定” 、 “可能”或“应该”已经完成或发生了。如：wouldnt have done sth.（本来不会） ，should/ought to have done sth.（本应/应该已经） ，shouldnt/oughtnt to have done sth.（本不该） ，would have done sth.（本来会） ，can/could/may/might have done sth
2、.（可能已经/ 也许已经）,must have done sth.（一定/准是）, cant/couldnt have done sth.（一定没 /准没有）, neednt +完成时表示对已经做过的事感到是不必要 。例如：I could have arrived a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.The children must have got terrified in last nights earthquake.Since they arent answering the telephone, they m
3、ust have left.You should have put the milk in the ice-box; I expect it has become undrinkable by now.You neednt have told her again because she has a good memory.You neednt have interrupted the class to tell me that; you could have come up to me afterwards.2. 情态动词后面加进行时，即“情态动词+be +doing”表示“应当正在” 、 “
4、想必/一定正在” 、 “可能/也许正在”等意思。情态动词后面加上完成进行时，即“情态动词+have been doing”表示“应当一直在” 、 “想必一直在”等意思。例如：He shouldnt be watching TV now, its time for class.The president of our company isnt here. He may be interviewing candidates for the post of sales manager at the moment.The economy seems to be sluggish（疲软）these da
5、ys.He said he could drink a bottle of whisky. He must be joking.They must have been working on their thesis（学位论文）.3. 情态动词后面加被动语态，在很多情况下，动词的主语是动作的承受者，因此，在有情态动词的句子，情态动词后面要跟动词的被动语态形式。例如：The Central Park can be seen from the top of this exclusive（唯一的） apartment（公寓房） building.Many rare animals should be
6、saved from extinction（灭绝）.The girl must have been frightened by the thrilling （令人毛骨悚然的）movie in which there are some violent（暴力的） scenes.（三）例题1. We _ her letter last week. We dont know what has happened to her.A. must receive B. must have received C. ought to receive D. ought to have receive 1. 解析：
7、should/ought to + have done sth. 表示过去本应该发生却没有发生的事情。句子的意思是：我们本应该上周就收到她的信（但事实上没有收到） 。故选 D。2. If the doctor could have come earlier, the patient _.A. couldnt have died B. should not have diedC. wouldnt have died D. would not die2. 解析：would/could/might/should+ have done sth.表示对过去情况进行相反的假设。A. could not h
8、ave died 表示病人不太可能死； B. should not have died 病人本来不应该死； C. wouldnt have died 表示病人本不会死。故选 C。3. As it turned out to be a small driving test, we _ so hard.A. neednt prepare B. did not need have preparedC. did not need prepare D. neednt have prepared3. 解析：neednt have done 或 didnt have to 表示”本不必”。句子的意思是：我们
9、本不必为一次小小的驾驶测试如此辛苦地准备。故选 D。4. It was kind of you to offer me financial help, but you _ it.A. mustnt do B. wouldnt have doneC. mightnt have done D. didnt have to do4. 解析：后半句的内容为陈述语气，句子的意思是：你本不必做的。A mustnt do 的意思是不可以做；B 和 C 为虚拟，意思是原本不会或原来可能不会。故选 D。5. According to the western culture, one _ ask his acqu
10、aintance（熟人） such personal questions as his age, income or marital status.A. neednt B. dont have to C. mustnt D. have not got to 5. 解析：neednt 和 mustnt 分别表示“不必”和“不可以/应该” 。句子的意思是：按照西方的文化，询问一个仅仅是认识而已的人的个人情况，诸如年龄、收入或婚姻状况，是不可以的。故选 C。6. Jane doesnt have time to go to the concert; she _ for her final exami
11、nation.A. being prepare B. must be preparingC. might have been preparing D. is to be prepare6. 解析：句子的意思是：简没有时间去听音乐会，她一定正在复习迎考。must be doing sth.表示对正在发生的事情的肯定猜测。故选 B。7. My disappointment_ apparent（明显的） the moment I entered the office, because some of my colleagues asked me sympathetically（同情地）, “Are
12、you all right with the bosss decision?”A. must be B. had beenC. must have been D. had to be7. 解析：must + do/have done sth.表示推测“一定“，前者是对目前情况的推测，后者是对过去情况的推测。从整句话的时态来推测，故选 C。8. The prize-winner did so well at the speech contest that he _ it many times this couple of weeks.A. should have rehearsed（预演） B.
13、 would have rehearsedC. must have rehearsed D. could have rehearsed8.解析：must have done sth.表示对已经发生的事情做出肯定的推测。 故选 C。9. He doesnt know how to make good use of the enormous calculative capability of computer; this job _ within an hour.A. should finish B. must have finishedC. could be finishing D. ought
14、 to have been finished9.解析：句子的意思是：他不懂如何利用计算机巨大的计算能力；这项工作应该一个小时内就做完的。故选 D。10. Its a pity you failed in this course. You _ the books on the professors reading list before you took the final examination.A. might have read B. should have readC. must have read D. have read10.解析：句子的意思是：你这门课没有通过考试真是可惜。你原本应该在参加考试之前把教授列出的书目通读一遍的。故选 B。
