1、专题八 动词的分类1中考回放1.【2014 甘肃白银】It only _ me half an hour _ to school every day last term.A. takes; riding B. spent; to ride C. cost; walk D. took; to walk2.【2013天津】Where are you going this month ? We _ go to Xiamen , but were not sure .A.neednt B.must C.might D.mustnt 3.【2013.河南】 If you want to change t
2、he world , you have to _ yourself first . A.enjoy B.check C.help D.change 4.【2013.重庆】Hurry up , or you _ catch the train . A.cant B.neednt C.mustnt D.shouldnt 5.【2014 菏泽】 How do you like the fish I cooked for you?I havent had it yet. However, it _ good.A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. feels6.【2014 鄂
3、州】 A new shop _ for a week nearby. Lets have a look there. Good idea. But it doesnt _ on Mondays. A. opened; opened B. has been opened; open C. has opened; opened D. has been open; open【2014.河南】Choosing the right circle of friends will _ us a lot of troubles , heartaches and possibly a life of deep
4、regret . A.save B.share C.keep D.bring 8.【2014 兰州】There _ a girl singing next door. Cant you hear her beautiful voice ?A.must be B.must have C.cant be D.cant have 9.【2014 泰安】 What _ the number of the students in your school?About two thousand. A number of them _ from the countryside.A. is; are B. is
5、: is C. are; is D. are: are 【答案】A10.【2014.烟台】Learning Chinese really _ my mind to the Chinese culture . A.called up B.turned up C.opened up D.made up 二2015 年中考考点解读动词一般分为四大类：行为动词，助动词，系动词和情态动词 ，（1）行为动词行为动词又称实义动词，在句中可独立作谓语。按其性质可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1. 及物动词及物动词本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能表达完整的意思。常用的结构有：（1）动词+宾语结构 例：The stud
6、ents are planting trees . 学生们正在植树。（2）动词+间接宾语+ 直接宾语例：Can you give me some advice on how to improve my English ? 你能给我一些提高英语的建议吗？注意：可以代双宾语的动词有：give, bring ,buy ,take , get , leave ,lend , make , offer , pass ,teach ,tell, write , read ,return 等。（3）动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语例：I heard your daughter singing in the next
7、 room at nine last night . 昨天晚上九点钟我听见你女儿在隔壁房间唱歌。注意：带省略 to 的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有： make, let ,have , see , watch , notice , hear，feel ,listen to ,look at 等。2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整，不直接接宾语。如果接宾语常有下列搭配形式构成动词短语：（1）不及物动词+介词+ 宾语例：Look at the blackboard and listen to me carefully . (2) 不及物动词+ 宾语+副词 （若宾语是名词，可位于副词前或后；若宾
8、语是代词，只能位于副词前）例：The TV is too noisy . Please turn it off . Its cold outside now . You had better put on your coat . (3) 动词+副词+介词例：We are looking forward to your coming . 我们正期待着你的到来。注意：动词短语的宾语只能位于介词之后。 行为动词按照动作可否持续性，可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。1. 延续性动词延续性动词表示可延续一段时间的动作或状态，可与一段时间连用。常用的延续性动词有：be , drink , fly , eat
9、, keep , lie , live , rain , s moke , have , wear ， do , work , Study , teach , stay 等。 例：I have kept the books for two weeks . 我借这本书两周了。Mr Black has lived in London for more than twenty years . 布莱克先生已经住在伦敦 20 多年。2. 短暂性动词短暂性动词又称非延续动词或终止性动词，即动作已经发生立即结束。短暂性动词在肯定句中不可与时间段连用。常见的短暂性动词有：buy , borrow , lend
10、 , die , arrive , leave , finish , stop , start , begin , join , go , come , marry , reach , open , close 等。例：The film began five minutes ago . 电影五分钟前就开始了。 注意：当短暂性动词表示的含义需与时间段连用时，此时要把短暂性动词替换成对应的延续性动词。例：buyhave ; borrow keep ; diebe dead ; finishbe over ; startbe on ; joinbe in /a member of 等。 动词的基本形
11、式绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过 去式、过去分词和现在分词。1. 第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加 s 或 es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：（1） 一般情况下只在动词后加 s，例：workworks, writewrites。（2） 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的动词，后加 es。 例：guess guesses, mixmix, finishfinishes, catchcatches。（3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，改 y 为 i 加 es 。 例：studystudies 。注：不规则变化的有
12、havehas, beis, gogoes, dodoes 等。2. 现在分词的构成（1） 一般情况下在动词后加 ing。 例：study studying, workworking。（2） 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 再加 ing。 例：writewriting, movemoving。（3） 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾的辅音字母，再加 ing 。例：getgetting, beginbeginning。（4）以 ie 结尾的动词，一般将 ie 变为 y，再加 ing 。 例：lie lying, diedying, tietying。注：以 l 结尾的动词
13、，尾音节重读时，双写 l。例：controlcontrolling；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，例：traveltraveling (美) /travelling (英) 。3. 过去式和过去分词的构成（1）一般情况词尾直接加 ed，例：askasked, workworked。（2）以不发音的 e 结尾，只加 d，例：loveloved, dancedanced。（3） 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 ed，例：trytried, studystudied。来源:学#科#网（4）以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双末尾一个字母，再加 ed，例：stopsto
14、pped, permitpermitted。注：以 l 结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写 l，如 controlcontrolled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如 traveltraveled(美) /traveled(英) 。此外，有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不遵循上述规则，需要单独熟记。（二）助动词助动词本身无词义或意义不完全，不能单独做谓语，必须和别的动词连用构成时态，语态，否定或疑问句式结构。最常用的助动词有：be, have,has ,had, do,does,did, shall, will 等。1.助动词 be （am , is , are , was , were )(1
15、) be +动词现在分词，构成现在进行时态。例：He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告。（2）be +及物动词过去分词，构成被动语态。例：He was sent to England for further study. 他被派往英国深造。2.助动词 have (has , had )(1).have /has /had +动词过去分词，构成现在/过去完成时态。例：He has made a plan for the trip . 他已经为旅行制定了计划。When he got to the station , the train had started . 当他到达车站时
16、，火车已经发车了。3.will /sha ll +动词原形，构成将来时态。例：Will you join us in playing games ?你将会加入我们当中玩游戏吗？I shall go shopping with my mother this Sunday . 本周日我将和妈妈一起去购物。注意：shall 构成将来时态时，主语常用第一人称。4.do (does , did )do(does , did )常用于实义动词前帮助 疑问句或否定句。来源: 学| 科|网例：Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？来源:Zxxk.ComHe does
17、nt like to be criticized. 他不喜欢挨批评。In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。来源:Z,xx,k.Com注意： 构成否定祈使句只用 do。Dont be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。拓展：用作代替动词，例： Do you like Beijing? 你喜欢北京吗？Yes, I do. 是的，喜欢。（ do 用作代动词，代替 like Beijing.）（3）. 连系动词连系动词，也称系动词。作为系动词，它本身有词
18、义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的系动词有：be , become , get (变得，成为），look (看起来），smell（闻起来),taste(尝起来），sound（听起来），fee l（感觉），keep( 保持），seem 等。例：The old man is over 80 years old . 那位老人 80 多岁了。He looks so tired. 他看起来很累。This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。使用系动词时要注意的几个问题：1.系动词通常没有被动语态。例：The
19、 flowers taste sweet . 这些花闻起来很香。（）The flowers are tasted sweet . ()2.系动词的固定搭配。常见的有 come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right 等。3.某些动词既 可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词的用法。例：The newly-invented soft drink tastes quite unique.这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。（taste 做系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.
20、厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。（taste 做实意动词，可用进行时，并且用副词修饰）（4）情态助动词 情态动词有一定的词义，自身不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有：can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better 等。1.can 可表示能力或推测。（1）can 表示能力，意思是“能，会”，其否定形式 cant ,意为“不能，不会”。在过去式中用 could 或couldnt . 例：Can you work out the problem by you
21、rself ? 你能单独解决这个问题吗？ 来源:学科网He couldnt swim when he was four years old . 当他四岁的时候不会游泳。（2）can 表示推测常用于否定句或疑问句。Andy has gone to Shanghai . He cant be here . 安迪去上海了，他不可能在这儿。 ）2.must 表示说话人的主观看法。（1）must 必须，表示说话人的主观看法。否定形式是 mustnt 表示禁止不允许对方做某事。例：Must I do some washing now ? 我现在必须洗衣服吗？No , you neednt . You ca
22、n do your homework first . 不，你没必要。 你可以先做你的家庭作业。（2）must 表示肯定推测。The light is on . I think he must be in the room now . 灯在亮着，我认为他一定在房间里。注意：must 开头的一般疑问句，否定答句常用 neednt 或 dont have to 。3.may 表示请求许可或肯定推测。（1）may 表示请求，许可。May I .? 句式，肯定答语常用 Yes , you may . 或 Yes , please . 等。否定回答常用 No , you cant .或 No , you
23、mustnt . 例： May I go home now ? Yes , you may . 我现在可以回家吗？（2）may 表示肯定推测。例：Anyone may make a mistake if he is careless . 任何人粗心都有可能犯错误。4.need 需要need 作情态动词一般用于否定句或疑问句，或者条件状语从句中。回答 need 构成的疑问句常用 must 。使用时注意区分 need 作情态动词和实义动词的区别。5.had better had better do sth 意为“ 最好做某事” ，否定结构为 had better not do sth . 最好不要
24、做某事。例：You look very tired . You had better stop working to have a rest . 你看起来很疲倦。你最好停止工作休息一下。注意：情态动词不能连用。三2015 年中考应考策略【命题趋势】1.行为动词的用法。2.行为动词近义辨析。3.固定动词短语的用法。4. 系动词的用法辨析。5.情态动词的用法辨析。【做题方法】1.识记行为动词，并掌握易混淆的基础动词。2.注意积累某些动词短语的用法及区别。3掌握系动词基本用法，识记常用系动词。4.了解把握情态动词的基本用法及每个情态动词的用法特征，解答情态动词的题目需细心领会情景特征，不放过任何细节
25、，寻求足够信息，做出最佳选择。四2015 中考应考演练1.Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith?No, you _.A. cant B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. neednt2.Rock music may _ nice to young people, but most old people cant stand it. A. hear B. sound C. look D. listen3.You had better _wine because you have to drive back home.A. not dri
26、nk B. dont drink C. n ot to drink4. My father must stop smoking, because the doctor says he is in bad health. A. give up B, give in C. give away D. give out5.Li Ming i s so careful that he always looks over his exercise to_ there are no mistakes.A. make sure B. find out C. think of 6.Her son _ Coke,
27、 but now he _ milk.A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinksC. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking7.Never _ todays work till tomorrow.Yes. Its a good habit. A. put off B. put on C. put up D. put down8.What about _ a rest?OK! Lets go for a w
28、a lk.A. to have B. had C. have D. having9.My parents enjoy _for a walk after supper.A. go B. goes C. to go D. going10._ I try on those shoes in the window?_. They are just on show.A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cant D. Can; Yes, you could11. Who is playing the
29、piano in the next room ? It _ be Suzy . She always practices playing the piano at this time every day . A.must B.cant C.need C.mustnt 考点一：动词不定式【经典习题】( ) 1. It takes my younger sister an hour every day.来源:学。科。网Z 。X。X。KA. dance B. dancing C. to dance D. danced( ) 2. Whenever you have a chance English,
30、 you should take it. A. speak B. spoke C. speaks D. to speak ( ) 3. Mrs Li always tells her students on the road because its really dangerous. A. not play B. to play not C. not to play D. not playing ( ) 4. Im new here. Dont worry. Ill do what I can you.A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping( ) 5.
31、Excuse me. Could you plea se tell me my car? Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you.A. where to park B. how to stop C. where to parking D. how to stopping来源:学科网【考点点拨】动词不定式由“to + 动词原形 ”构成，在 句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语等。 其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形 ”。动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（短语）后置。同样，动词不定式（短语）作宾语且后面
32、接宾语补足语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语动词不定式（短语）放在宾语补足语之后。如：He found it hard to catch up with his classmates. ask, decide, know, learn, tell, teach, fi nd out等动词(短语)后可接 “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构作宾语。考点二：动词的-ing形式【经典习题】( ) 1. Im sleepy. I prefer at home to going out for a walk. A. slee p B. sleeping C. slept D. to sleep 来源
33、:学_科_网( ) 2. Mom, why must I stop the computer game? For your health, my boy.A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing( ) 3. I like to watch people in the street. A. walking B. walked C. to walk D. be walking【考点点拨】consider, enjoy, finish, mind, practice, give up, put off, cant help, be busy, be /
34、get used to (习惯于)等动词（短语）后接动词的-ing形式作宾语。forget, remember, stop, try, go on等动词（短语）后既可以接动词不定式也可以接动词的-ing形式作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。 feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, look at等表示感官的动词(短语) 以及find, get, have, keep等动词后也可以接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语。考点三：动词的-ed形式【经典习题】( ) 1. We live in a place Gum Tree.A. calls B. to call
35、 C. called D. calling( ) 2. Why do you speak in such a loud voice? Because I want to make myself clearly.A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear【考点点拨】动词 的-ed 形式通常表示被动关系或动作已经完成，它与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系，在句中可作定语或宾语补足语等。单个的动词的-ed 形式通常置于被修饰词之前，作前置定语；动词的-ed 形式短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之后，作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。当宾语与作宾语补足语的非谓语动词在逻辑上是被
36、动关系时，通常用动词的-ed 形式。如：The driver has his car washed once a week.【即时操练】一、选择可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。( ) 1. You look too tired. Why not a rest?A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having D. to stop to have ( ) 2. Would you mind in the dining hall? Of course not. A. not to smoke B. not smoking C. smoke D. not
37、smoke ( ) 3. Would you like camping with me? Yes, Id like to. But Im busy my homework now.A. to go; to do B. going; to do C. to go; doing D. going; doing( ) 4. Why is your aunt practicing speaking English? abroad for further study. A. Go B. Gone C. Goes D. To go ( ) 5. The kids were heard just now.
38、What happened? They were telling a joke.A. to laugh B. laugh C. laughed D. to laughing来源:Z&xx&k.Com二、阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 Now more than 20 schools in the northwest of China (1) (use) e-textbooks. Some teachers say that they make learning easier and (2) (teach) more convenient.Jing Xuan is
39、excited about such subjects as Chinese, English and math. She (3) (enjoy) the pictures and animations (动画) in the e-textbooks. The children in her school (4) (study) with the e-textbooks s ince last September.With the help of the e-textbooks, some good ideas (5) (share) at times . Some parents encou
40、rage their children (6) (try) the e-textbooks to make learning easier. But others (7) (worry) about their childrens health.“You cant imagine how the growing popularity of e-textbooks (8) (change) the way that students learn. More and more students (9) (learn) with e-textbooks in the future. However, theres still a long way (10) (go),” said the headmaster.参考答案：考点一：1-5 CDCBA 来源:学科网考点二：1-3 BDA考点三：1-2 CB【即时操练】一、1-5 ABCDA二、1. are using 2. teaching 3. enjoys 4. have been studying 5. are shared 6. to try 7. worry 8. is changing 9. will learn 10. to go
