1、非谓语动词 过去分词过去分词 第页 (共 3 页)过 去 分 词一、过去分词的构成：规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed 构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。二、过去分词的意义：过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。三、过去分词的用法：1.作定语：作定语用的过去分词若是单个的词，一般放在被修饰的名词前面；若是过去分词短语，则放在被修饰的名词后面。如：1) The excited fans cheered at the pop star.2) The thief climbed into the house through the broken window.3) Po
2、lluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of the animals death.4) This is one of the factories built in the 1990s.5) Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates.注：过去分词作定语时相当于一定语从句， 其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以从定语从句中看出来。如：1) A ploughed field is a field which has been ploughed. 犁过的田地就是已经被犁过了的田
3、地。(完成、被动) 2) An organized trip is a trip which is organized by somebody or by some organization.有组织的旅行就是由某人或某机构组织的旅行。 (被动)3) Fallen leaves are the leaves which have fallen on the ground. 落叶就是落在地上的树叶。(完成) He didnt notice the surprised look on her face.(表示情感动词的过去分词还可以修饰人的眼神、表情，声音等)2.作表语：作表语用的过去分词放在系动词
4、 be, become, seem, look, get 等的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。过去分词作表语时表示被动意义，即句子的主语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。 如：1) This cup is broken. 这只杯子碎了。2) He seemed excited/ frightened/satisfied/surprised/pleased at the news.3) The door remained/was locked.门仍然锁着。4) She looks worried.她看上去忧心忡忡。5) He got laid off last week.他上周下岗了。常见
5、的过去分词有：interested, excited, disappointed, moved, delighted, discouraged, drunk, amused, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried, upset, married, frightened 等。注：作表语的过去分词和被动结构中的过去分词的区别：1.用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语是动作的承受者，后常跟 by 短语。1) The glass is broken. 玻璃破
6、了。( 系表结构)The glass was broken by Jack. 玻璃是杰克打破的。(被动结构)2) This lake is badly polluted .这个湖受到了严重污染.(系表结构)This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill.这个湖被一家纸厂污染了。( 被动结构)3) The library is closed. (系表结构)The library is closed at five every afternoon. (被动结构)3.作宾语补足语：过去分词在复合句中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有：have/get/s
7、ee/hear/watch/feel/find/make/keep/leave/notice/observe/look at/think/consider/want 等。过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：1) He is going to have his hair cut.2) When we speak, we must make ourselves understood by others.3) If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled.4) To his surprise,
8、he found the glass covered with water.5) Youd better not leave the work undone.6) Please keep me informed of how things are going. 请告诉我情况进行得如何。7) He only wanted traditional materials (to be) used.8) They went out and found the bridge washed away by the flood.9) I saw him seized by two policemen.10)
9、I never heard the song sung in English. 我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过。注：上述句子也可以变为被动语态(变被动语态时，仍用过去分词作主语补足语。)如：He was seen seized by two policemen.4.作状语：过去分词作状语修饰谓语动词，表示原因、时间、条件（分别相当于一个表示原因、时间、条件的状语从句） ，还可以表示伴随情况或行为方式（相当于一个并列句） 。过去分词作非谓语动词 过去分词过去分词 第页 (共 3 页)状语时，句子的主语与过去分词之间是被动关系。如：1) 表示原因：Born into a poor family,
10、he had only two years of schooling .=As he was born into a poor family, Brought up in a rich family, he doesnt know what poverty is .Moved by the heros deeds, he began to serve the people heart and soul.Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitation to give lectures.Frightened by the
11、noise in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.Encouraged by Jims words, he continued his research work .Led by the party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly.2) 表示时间、条件：Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.(=When/If it is seen from the hill, the
12、park looks more beautiful.) (时间、条件)Heated to 100C, water begins to change into steam. (时间、条件)Asked why he was late, he made no answer. (表示时间 )Compared with developed countries, we still have a long way to go. ( =If/When we are compared with developed countries , )3) 表示条件：Given an inch, he will take
13、a mile. 他总是得寸进尺。 Given more time, we could do it much better .Once seen, it can never be forgotten.Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.从太空看，地球看上去是蓝色的。Given better attention , the crops would grow better.4）伴随情况或行为方式：He came into the room, followed by his daughter.(=He came into the room, and he
14、 was followed by his daughter.)The old man stood up, supported by his son .那位老人由他的儿子扶着站了起来。 注：1.分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Seen from the hill, people find the park more beautiful. Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. Seeing from the hill, people find the park more beautiful. 注：2.分词作状语可以用逗号与句子分
15、开，可以放句首、句尾。3.分词前可以加 when, while, if, once, unless, even if, as if, though, although 等连词，但是不与 but 连用。如： Although built before the war, the house is still very beautiful . ( although 与过去分词连用作让步状语)Even if invited, I wont go .If trapped in a burning building, you should send for help.如果被困在着火的房子里面，4.分词可以
16、被副词 greatly, well, deeply 等词修饰。如：Deeply moved by his words, he decided to give more help to others.5.过去分词作状语有时可以单独使用。Frightened, he dare not go there alone. 四、分词的否定形式(由 not + 分词构成)1) Not knowing how to do it, he asked me for help.2) Not having received an answer, I wrote again.3) Not allowed to go s
17、wimming, he refused to eat anything.五、现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上不同：现在分词表示主动，而及物动词的过去分词则表示被动。1) Who is the girl speaking to our English teacher?What is the language spoken in Australia? 2) I saw her opening the door.I saw the door opened.3) The film is moving and I was moved to tears when I watched it.4) Aft
18、er a tiring Sunday, Mary felt tired.5) The story is exciting, you are excited when you read it.2.动作在进行中或已完成的不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。1) the changing world 2) the rising sun 3) the boiling water the changed world the risen sun the boiled water非谓语动词 过去分词过去分词 第页 (共 3 页)4) the developing country 5) the falling leavesthe developed country the fallen leaves
