1、9.5 在什么情况下用被动结构9.5.1 使用被动结构的主要情况掌握被动结构的形式很重要，但使用却要慎重。一般说来，没有特殊理由不宜用被动结构。在多数情况下用主动结构式比较自然的。翻开一页书，你会发现百分之八十的句子都用主动结构，只在一定情况下需用被动结构，例如：不知道动作的执行者是谁，这时只好用被动结构：The monastery was built in the middle ages.Three people were injured.The building was burned down.The boy was nearly drowned.When will the result
2、be announced?The british general election was held in October.We are called on to take an active part in the movement.He was jailed for six years.1） 不必提到动作的执行者，因此也可用被动结构：The book was published in 2000.A peace treaty was finally signed.The match had to be cancelled because of bad weather.The plant wa
3、s shut down for two months.Rent has to be paid in advance.Your hand will be X-rayed.Persistent foul play will be severely penalized.This problem will be dealt with in the next chapter.2） 动作的承受着（或结果）是谈话的中心：Madame bovery was written by Flaubert.Are these goods made by machinery?When she was ill her ch
4、ildren were looked after by neighbours.These motions can be vetoed by the governor.Philip was depressed by what he had gone through.这类句子常有一个 by 引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可没有：When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective.)A new public library is being built (by our local council).The house next door ha
5、s been bought (by someong).4）动作的执行者很模糊（如指 people,one 等） ，故用被动结构也很自然：Its suggested that we put the meeting off.This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.He is suspected of taking bribery.They are supposed to be living in new York.The letter has been opened!He was believed to have made an importan
6、t discovery.Ti was rumoured that he was a spy.5）为了措辞上的圆通，常避免说出动作的执行者：You are requested to give us a talk on Japanese culture.You are cordially invited to dance to be given at the teachers club at 7p.m. on May Day.It is generally considered rude to stare at people.Its hoped that such things would not
7、 happen again.Its much to be regretted that you cant join us in the trip.6）为了使句子得到更好的安排：He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.The plan was supported by those who wish to live on the campus.They were killed by a grenade, which exploded under the car.The principle of bottli
8、ng is very simple. Food is put in jars, the jars and their contents are heated to temperature which is maintained long enough to ensues that all bacteria, moulds and viruses are destroyed.9.5.2 一些常常使用被动结构的情况1） 公告，通知：Lying on the floor is strictly prohibited.None of the reference books are to be take
9、n out of the reading-room.Only fifty kilos are allowed for personal baggage.Applications must be sent in by 31st July.2） 新闻报导：The search for the bank robbers continues. Meanwhile many people have been questioned and the owner of the stolen getaway car has been traced.1） 报纸标题（动词 be 常被省略）：Congressman assassinated!Two drug traffickers hanged in Singapore!Five-year-old boy kidnapped!4） 科技文章：The mixture is placed in a crucible and is heated to a temperature of 300. It is then allowed to cool before it can be analyzed.
