1、一Structure for Task 21.开头段落：重述句+个人立场2.主体段落：论点，论据，论证 3.结尾段落：总结 二观察问题：1.argumentto what extent do you agree of disagree,do you agree or disagree 2.discussiondiscuss both these views and give your own opion.whats your opion?(single opion, double opions) 3.pros and consdo you think the advantages outwei
2、gh the disadvantages do you think the positive effects outweigh the negative effects 4.Developmentdo you think it is a positive or negative development 5.Report: causes,effects,solutions 6.Mixed:arguementation & report 三 写作的运作类型：（1） 单边支持、反对（2） 半支持半反对（要有重心） （3） 探讨双方（两方排斥对方 两方互补对方） （4）陈述利弊(永远要有二大于一的侧重
3、 ) （5）多重选择(具体问题具体分析 )四写作的格式：1.不用写题目2.开头打空分段不隔行开头齐头分段隔行3.切记不要分字； 4.避免用感叹号（！）和问号（？） 五写作中地道的表达方式：1. 状语前置状语前置就是把一个修饰动词的状语结构，如介词短语，分词形式或动词不定式引导的短语放到句首。 1） Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happin
4、ess. 2） Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes. 3）With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries. 2.插入语状语前置的另一种变体， 它将状语结构提到了主句的主语和谓语之间。插入语也是相对地道的英语表达方法。 1） Universiti
5、es, when it is functioning well, should offer both theoretical knowledge as well as professional training. 2） So overall, I believe that, attending school from a young age is good for most children. 插入语的功能和状语前置基本相似，都能使句子更有跳跃感和地道3倒装句把谓语提前到主语之前，用在作文中比较新颖（1）The parents should spend time on their childr
6、en, they should also communicate with them. （2） We can never lose sight of the significance of education.（3）Not only should parents spend time on their children, they are also advised to interact with them. （4）On no account / by no means / in no way can we lose sight of the significance of education
7、. 4.强调句（1） It is that / It is who 正是（2）It is the interaction of the two that shapes a persons personality and dictates how that personality develops. 5. witness 二十世纪末科技的繁荣，人们开始广泛使用电脑。The late 20th century witnessed the prosperity in science and technology, thereby giving rise to the wide application
8、 of computers. With the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century, the computers were widely applied. 六开头的写法：五种开头引入：Nowadays,there are less and less young people who are willing t pursue teaching careers.What are the causes of this phenomenon?And what can the government do to enc
9、outage young people to work in this profession?KEY:In todays world,there is a widespread phenomenon that young people are showing less and less interest in pursuing a teaching career.In my opion,several important factors may contribute to this reluctance,and it is high time for the government to tak
10、e actions to address this issue. 1.肯定题目意义The issue/topic /question/problem of is of great interst/concern/significanceto many people. eg:The inquiry into the morality of conducting various researches and experiments on human cloning has triggered an intecse controversy in the realm of science. Eg:Ma
11、intaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technollgy is now replacing their functions.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?The question of whether it is a waste of money to maintain public libraries that are already being replaced by advanced information te
12、chnology is a matter of much contention among the general public. 2.委婉否定让步 AlthoughAlthough it is generally acknoledged /commonly believed/widely accepted that,this is simply untrue in real-life situations./this can hardly be held true in/this is actually not the case. 3.流行趋势(1)In recent years(decad
13、es),/recently,there has been a wide phenomenon thata popular belief thatan increased awarenessa growing consciousness(2)Recent decades have seen/witnessed a major transformation in(3)When it comes to 4.讨论双方(1)While some people say/think/claim that,others feel/believe/argue(2)Whereas some people main
14、tain/hold/assert thatOthers declare/disagree /contend /insist that5.随着With the rapid development of With the advent of With the unprecedented explosion of With the continuous and gradual evolution of With the mass extinction of 七中心论点：信号词+观点In my opion,From my point of view,To my way if thinking,Pers
15、onally speaking,As for me,I am convinced thatSpeaking for myself,Sample:2008.9.6:Once children start school,teachers have more influence on their intellectual and social development than their parents.To what extent do you agree ordisagree with this statement?KEY:When it comes to the various aspects
16、 of influence on young children,parents and teachers are undoubtedly the two most powerful forces.From my point of view,school teachers can often exert far more influence on small kids than their parents in terms of intellectual growth and social development. 八五种写作运筹类型下的提纲写法：（1） 半支持半反对：（2005.11）The
17、main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resource and space on proving expensive hi-tech media such as computer software,videos and DVDs.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Introduction:The advanced science and technology b
18、rings the application of hi-tech media in public library into effect.Main body 1: the more expensive multimedia facilities,compared with books,are considered to be one of the biggest barriers to popularize themselves in libraries.Main body 2:however,with immense storage capacity,these new hi-tech me
19、dia can actually save the most valuable resource space.Main body 3:Moreover,visiting a livrary with multiple media access is much more interesting.Conclusion:widespread of multimedia in public libraries is expected in the near future. Eg:(2010-5-8:)Schools should teach students some academic subject
20、s which will be beneficial to future careers.Therefore,other subjucts such as music and sports are not important.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opion?Main body 1:On the one hand,if schools only taught academic classes,the school life would defenitely be monotonous and boring.Main
21、body 2:On the other hand,music and sports lessons are extremely important to students.(1+2+3)(2)陈述利弊陈述利弊永远是二比一最好Eg:Nowadays,people in some countries can choose to live and work anywhere they want because of the improvement of communication technology and transport.Do advantages of this development o
22、utweigh the disadvantages? Eg:2009-1-17:While people nowadays are given more freedom to decide where to live and work in the world,this new development produces both advantages and disadvantages for individuals and the wider society.Eg:2008.10.25:Economic progress is one way to measure the success o
23、f a country,but some people think there are other factors.that other factors should be considered?Of these factors,do you think anyone is more important than the others (3)(4)(5)九Supporting sentences：（论点，论证，论据）关联词+分论点 1+论证+关联词 +分论点 2+论证+论证过程的逻辑： 并列，递进，转折，让步原因建议（混合类）For one thing For another On one h
24、and On the other handMoreover BesidesFurthermoreMore importantly In addition to Additionally The most important reason ( factor)An equally important reason An additional reason WhileHowever Nevertheless NonethelessIn spite of Admittedly 十扩展主题句：（1）.解释：1.in other words 换言之2. that is to say 也就是说3. to b
25、e more precise 说的具体一些4. by I mean 我的意思是5. this means这意味着6. namely Eg:The cost of living has been steadily rising in the past decades.(主题句)（-）Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees annually increased by 5.59% over the period of 1995 to 2008. Eg:Initially, one issue makes me s
26、upport this is that the development of science and technology has always accomapanied the progress of society.(-)The invention of the steam engine led to the industrial revolution and brought about a new era of thrift of world economy. (-)The employment of electricity has multiplied the productivity
27、 and reproduced the limited energy on earth.（-）The innovation of computer technology resulted in the informaiton age and connected the distant countries as a single market.Eg:Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students how to judge right and wrong and how to behave we
28、ll. Some say that teachers should only teach students about academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.1. For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to students achievement.2. For another, at the community level, education institutions, obviously, should shoulder the
29、responsbility to cultivate qualified citizens.For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to students achievement.使用拓展主题句方法展开：That is to say, in primary school, children should be instilled the ability of spell chinese characters and basic mathmatical knowledge which ensure them master
30、ing the commen sense in daily life and offering the first step of further education. （2） 假设说明（注意条件状语从句） （反证）（3） 举例论证.(请参照“大作文”)十一.结尾段落：重申总论点+补充说明1. 建议Thus,it is recommended thatIt is advisable thatMy advice to is thatOne of my practical suggestions is thatBased on the above understanding,my recommen
31、dation is that2. 预见Therefore，it is predicted thatThus ,it is projected thatWith the advent of ,it is forecast thatPersonally speaking,I envision a future when3. 事实in fact,as a matter of fact4. 总结When all the factors are examined, we may safely come to the conclusion that From what has been discussed above, we can see that (it is obvious that， personally, I firmly hold that）.
