1、阅读理解题材分析和解题指导阅读理解是高中英语教学的重点，测试考生通过阅读获取准确信息并加以分析判断的能力，着重考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力，以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。一. 题材特点分析 历年高考所选取的阅读材料一般不超过 350 词，难度不一，题材多样，包括科普知识、新闻报道、广告、人物传记、故事、文化教育、历史文化、风土人情、政治经济、人文科学、动物知识等方面。体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。材料来源广泛，往往节选自各类书籍、报刊、杂志、广告、宣传材料等。文章内容贴近现实生活，时代感强，问题的设置科学合理。所选材料原汁原味，符合英美文化知识背景，又注重实用性和
2、解决现实生活问题，关注社会热点。二. 题材形式特征及设问特点1 科普类：介绍科学知识、科技成果的开发、用途及特点等。这类文章理论性、逻辑性强，叙述条理，层次分明。但科技词汇、长难句较多，同时文章所介绍的科普知识对学生来说又比较陌生，所以这类题失分较高。科普类常用的设问方式有：.What would be the best title of the passage?.The text is mainly about_.The writers purpose writing the passsage is to_.Which of the following statements best sum
3、marizes the main idea of the text?.We can infer from sbs words that_.Which of the following statement is true?.The underlined word “”in.paragraph probably means_.解题技巧：1）考生可运用词法、句法规则并根据上下文来猜测词义，分析句子成分理解长难句。2）注意替代词 it、 that、 one、 which 等。3）主旨题的答案应与其它细节和推理逻辑上保持一致。4）细节题应依据原文来寻找答案。例如：（2008 全国.D ）56.Which
4、 of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Codecine:A New Medicine B.Chocolate May Cure CoughsC.Cough Treatment: A Hard Case D.Theobromine Can Cause Coughs答案 B 整篇文章谈的是制作巧克力的可可粉中含有物质theobromine 能有效抑制咳嗽，而不是谈 codecine，所以 A 离题太远，而 C 又范围太大，D 与原文表述的观点相反。2 新闻报道类：近年来这类文章在阅读理解中颇受青睐，通常有一至两篇，甚至三篇
5、。解题技巧：1）新闻讲究开篇就能吸引读者的兴趣，所以文章的第一句和第一段即是对整篇文章的高度概括。2）新闻必须真实，尽量客观，常通过引用别人的话来体现各种观点和态度。3) 这类文章特点鲜明，要点（when who what where why how）明显。但命题时往往不会几点俱全，需要考生根据已知的“w ”来推测未知的“w” 。常用的设问方式有：.Albert was fined because he _.The main purpose of introducing is_.The underlined word “”in paragragh 5 means _.The writer me
6、ntions the fact that to show_.The news brief covers_.例如:（2008 上海 C）75. What can we learn from the passage?A.Many British teenagers dont know money matters well.B.Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.C.Financial Planning is a required course at college.D.Young people should become res
7、ponsible adults. 答案 B 文章第一段第一句就开篇点题“Most of them(teenagers) are ignorant when it comes to money ”以及后文展开的论述可推断出学生的理财意识很差，B、C、D 都不符合题干要求。3 广告类 ：这类文章语言地道，多采用短句，很少有长难句式；题材涉及范围广泛，如：商店、公共场所的宣传广告及招牌、海报、报刊的片段、失物招领、求职、租房、节目预告等与生活密切相关的话题都可作为设题材料。常见的设问方式有：.Which of the following diagrams gives the correct rela
8、tionship between the names mentioned in the text?.Choose one picture that showsdescribed in the text.The intended readers are_.What does the text mainly tell us?.The main purpose of the passage is _.解题技巧：1)广告类文章一般由三部分组成：标题、正文（具体内容和要求） 、结尾（电话、地址、网址等） 。仔细阅读标题，因为标题是一篇文章主旨的高度概括和浓缩，有利于我们理解内容。2）先读问题后读文章，通
9、过略读、寻读的方法获得所需信息。和问题无关的不必一词一词的死抠。例如：（2007 江西 B）62.Which of the passage is the most important for the childcare job?A.Cooking skills B.Childcare experienceC.The ability to start work in two weeks.D.The ability to work well with others. 答案 D 先浏览文后问题可知应与第一则广告中的“The candidate must be able to work as a co
10、-operative team member”相呼应。4.人物传记、故事类：人物传记主要是描述一个人的生平事迹、生活背景、成长奋斗经历，此类文章主要是以时间为线索，脉络清楚，所以在解题时可抓住时间线索，获取有效信息。故事类文章一般描述一件事情的发生、发展和结局，考查对作者态度意图的理解，故事前因和结局的推测，这类题可通过从故事情节来理清文章脉络，对所设问题进行推理判断。常见设问方式：.What was the author learned from her own experience?.We can conclude from the passage that_.What do we kno
11、w his childhood?.Choose the right tume order of the following event.例如:（2008 上海 B ）71.Which of the following is closest to the main idea ?A. A friend in need is a friend in deed.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. A misfortune may turn out a blessing.D. Kill two birds with one stone.答案 C 这是一
12、篇人物故事，主要以时间为线索，介绍了 Zoe 的成长经历（从城市的安逸生活到事业受到打击去农场生活，最后真正体会到劳动充实和快乐，所以 C 正确。5.地理、历史、文化、社会风情类：涉及某个（几个）国家、地区、山脉、河流、城市等地理位置及与其相关的社会生活、历史文化、风土人情等方面的情况。对这类文章，考生务必弄清各地名、人名之间的关系及地理位置关系，结合所学史地知识选择答案。设问形式：.The example ofis used to show that _.The Sahara Festival is a Festival which_.From the last paragragh we c
13、an infer_.How many reasons mentioned for a visit to a houselight?.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?例如：（2007 辽宁）64.The climate of the forests near the equator is_.A.mild,wet and windy B.hot,rainy and foggyC.hot,wet and cloudy D.warm,wet and suny答案 D 根据所学的地理知识，再根据第一段“This
14、 wet,warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plantsto grow”可推出D 正确。要提高阅读能力，关键还在于考生平时多记词汇，多阅读，扩大知识面和提高阅读速度、理解度，多总结，学会概括推理，分析判断。Passage 1. Fruit juice fans in China might see changes on their drinking bottles soon.Huiyuan,Chinas most popular juice brand might be standing alongside the logo o
15、f carbonated drink maker Coca-Cola.This month the worlds biggest soft drink company offered a $2.4 billion bid to buy Huiyuan.“Huiyuan would become a brand under Coca-Coca,which would do good to both companies,” said Zhu Xinli,president of Huiyuan.Huiyuan would take advantage of money and experience
16、 in sales from US company. And Coca-Coca would go to the top of the Chinese beverage market after getting Huiyuans market share.“This deal will strengthion our business in China,especially since the juice part is so fast growing,” said Muhtar Kent,President of Coca-Cola.Although both sides are pleas
17、ed with the deal, it has given rise to a public concern.A recent online poll at found 80%of more than 260,000 were against this biggest takeover of a domestic brand by a foreign firm. They fear that the Huiyuan brand will disappear and that the deal will mark the start of a worrying tend of takeove
18、rs of homegrown companies by multinationals.Now the companies are waiting for approval from the Chinese government to continue the deal.Though Coca-Coca said it would keep the Huiyuan brand,analysts doubted whether it would give support equal to its original juice brand Munite Maid.Their worries are
19、 resonableseven years after being sold to multinational giant Procter and Gamble,former major domestic brand Panda washing powder saw its yearly production cut from 60,000 tons to 4,000.Its new owner set the brand aside and showed more interested in promoting its own labels.“Takeovers across border
20、will become common in the times of globalization from developing countries to the developed and vise verse（反之亦然）.”said Yang Xilun,a brand market expert.“It will help more and more Chinese brands step into the international market.”1.From the passage we know _.A.Huiyun has been taken over by Coca-Col
21、a.B.Huiyuan is becoming a brand under Coca-Cola.C.Huiyuan will probably be sold to Coca-Cola.D.Huiyuan cant be taken over by Coca-Cola.2.The underlined word“beverage”in 2nd paragragh means_.A.fruit juice B.vegetable juice C.any sort of drinks except water D.carbonated drinks3.The writer mentioned Pa
22、nda washing powder to_.A.show that the domestic brand sold to a foreign company disappear slowly.B.testify people against the takeover are resonable.C.show that the new owner didnt produce this production after the takeover.D.We should protest our domestic brand.4.Which of the following is not a neg
23、ative effect of the takeover that people worry?A.The Huiyuan brand will gradually fade.B.Chinese consumersinterests will be hurt.C.The globalization will continue to develop through takeovers across borders.D.The balance between the juice market will be broken.Passage2.Arriving in New YorkThere are
24、three airports in NewYork. When you arrive at one of Them,yon can take a bus or a taxi to any place in New York.Eating out There are many kinds of food in New York.And you shouldnt eat at McDonalds every day.There are good restaurants in Little Italy and Chinatown, for example.HotelsThere are lots o
25、f good hotels in New York.The best is the Plaza on the 5th Avenue,but you dont have to spend a lot in the city,there are lots of smaller hotels and the YMCA near the central park is great for young people.Public TransportIn New York,there is a good bus and subway service.If you are planning to use t
26、he subway a lot, you should buy a subway ticket for the journey because its cheaper.But you dont have to use the public transport-there are many places you can go to on foot,such as The Empire State Building,the 5th Avenue and the Central Park. The New Taxis are a part of the city experience,so you
27、should take at least one taxi during your visit.Places to seeFinally,there are a great many places to see in New Yorkthe Times Squire,the Statue of Liberty,and so on.And you shouldnt go home without climbing the Statue of liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city.ShoppingShopping in New York is fun.T
28、here are big shops on the 5th Avenue,open seven days a week.But be careful when you look at the prices;you have to pay a special 8% tax on everything you buy in New York.1. How many kinds of public transport are mentioned in the passage?A. Two B. Three C. Four D.Five2. How much do you have to pay if
29、 you buy a book of $10 in New York?A. $10.08 B. $18 C. $10 D. $10.83. When you visit the New York,you should_.A. do as much shopping as possibleB. take a taxi whenever you go outC. stay at the best hotelPlazaD.try Italian and Chinese food4.From the passage we can learn that_.A. You should take a bus to travel because its much cheaper.B. New York isns a good place for shopping for youd pay a special tax.C. People can visit many places of interest in New York on foot.D. you are not allowed to go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty.答案：1-4. C C B C 5-8.B D D C
