1、Grammar 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句: 所谓限制性定语从句就是先行 词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句就 会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词 的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主句分开。 I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。 (如果把从句去掉, 整个句子的含义就变了),非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的 关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些附加说 明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从 句和主句之间往往用逗
2、号隔开。在讲话时语调 上须停顿,一般不用that引导。 His dog, which was then very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。 (去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:他的狗生病 死了。),非限制性定语从句,结构:,+,+,先行词,She has two brothers, who are working in the city.,+,从句,Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, where eating doesnt take much time.,结构:,
3、+,+,先行词,+,从句,先行词+,+关系词+句子,2. 非限制性定语从句中的一些问题:非限制性定语从句中, 指物时, 用which而不用that; 作定语时用whose。Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 2) All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 3) That is his room, whose window faces south.,b. 指人时主格用
4、who, 宾格用whom, 物主格用whose (也可指物)。 Miss Howe, whom you met in the library, is our new teacher. 2) This is our headmaster, who has somethingimportant to tell you. 3) Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.,c. 另外关系副词when (指时间), where (指地点) 也可以引导非限制性定语从句 (注意关系副词why不能引
5、导非限制性定语从句, 只能用for which 代替);。He lives in the city, where there is a high tower. 2) The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949, when he was born.,d. 介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语从句。 1) Wu Dong, with whom I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much. 2) Her bag, in which she put all her books, has not bee
6、n found. 3) The carbon dioxide, without which the plant cannot live, is very important.,关系词的区别:,宾语,who,who/that,主语,宾语,主语,whom/who/that,whom,which/that,which/that,which,which,定语,whose,whose,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,when,where,why/for which,when,where,for which,that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。,tip,介词+which,e. as, which
7、引导非限定性定语从句 Smoking is harmful to ones health, as is known to all. As we all know, he studies very hard. Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist.,由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as 和which可代整个主句,as引导的从句可位于句首,句末和句中,常译为“正如”; which引导的从句只能位于句末,常译为“这,那”。,as引导的限制性定语从句,as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句,并在从句中作宾语、表语和状语,构成the
8、 sameas, suchas 等结构。,I like the same book as you do.I will do it in the same way as you did. I want to have such a dictionary as he has.,(as 作宾语),(as 作状语),(as 作宾语),Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser. 让孩子们读使他们变得更好更聪明的书。 (作主语) Take as many as you want. 你想要多少就拿多少。(作宾语) Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. 这儿有一块没人能搬走的那么大的石头。 (作宾语),