1、2014专升本英语 三全学院 Noun,主讲人：董赛,Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (40 points),单项选择题，40题，40分，词汇题约占55%，包括单词辨析，词组辨析；语法题约占45%，包括主谓一致，各种从句，强调句，虚拟语气，倒装，时态等。大纲规定掌握4200单词。语法复习动词的时态、主谓一致、反义疑问句、情态动词、倍数关系、强调句型、非谓语动词、独立主格、代词一致、虚拟语气，大纲里有讲解。,3. The college is planning to offer more English courses to _ the needs of beg
2、inners of English. A. meet with B. meet C. supply D. satisfy with,7. The manner _ which he talked reminded us _ his grandfather. A. on; towards B. at; in C. for; by D. in; of,35. It was in the factory _ you worked five years ago _ you learned the technique. A. that; where B. where; when C. where; wh
3、ere D. where; that,阅读理解包括4篇短文。每篇短文大约250单词左右，生词不超过3%，每篇短文后有5个小题，满分40分。,Overhead bridges are found in many parts of Beijing, especially in places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is dangerous.The purpose of these bridges is to enable pedestrians to cross roads safely. Overhead bridges
4、 are used to very much the same way as zebra crossings. They are more efficient although less convenient because people have to climb up a long flight of steps. This is inconvenient especially to older people. When pedestrians use an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. However, when they c
5、ross a busy road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help pedestrians and to keep traffic moving at the same time.,完形填空分英语专业和非英语专业，非英语专业一篇，单词量为200-300。其中有20个空，共20小题，满分20分。要求考生在全面理解文章内容的基础上，对每一个填空选择一个最佳答案，填空的词项包括虚词和实词。,Translation
6、(20 points) Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Please translate sentences 81-85 from Chinese into English, and translate sentences 86-90 from English into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.,81. 你和同学相处得好吗？Do you get along well with your classmates? 82. 使我们失望的是，他没有恪守诺言。 W
7、hat disappointed us is he didnt keep his promise. He talks about nine times out of ten when we have a chat.,Part V. Error Correction (10 points) Directions: There are 10 sentences. Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D .You are required to identify the incorr
8、ect part, then write the corresponding letter and the correct answer on the Answer Sheet.,Part VI. Writing (20 points) Directions: For this part, youre required to write a composition on the topic “The Popularity of Microblog”. You should write at least 120 words, and your composition should be base
9、d on the outline given in Chinese below and write your composition on the Answer Sheet.The Popularity of Microblog 1. 现代社会利用微博进行交流越来越普遍 2. 微博流行的原因 3. 自己的看法 disparity,I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness. A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation,1. This is one of the best
10、 novels that _ this year. A. appear B. has appeared C. are appeared D. have appeared,58. There are thirty-two _ in our school. A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers,48. _ are made of _. A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses,
11、名词考点分析,1名词的分类 2名词的数（复数形式） 3名词的格（所有格） 4主谓一致 5名词的语法功能,一、名词的分类,A:专有名词 (Proper nouns),B:普通名词 (Common nouns),特指人或事物的名称,首字母必须大写，包括人名、地名、书名、月份、星期、组织结构名称等。,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday, Saturday,Sunday,Janurary 一月, February 二月, March 三月, April 四月 May 五月, June 六月, July 七月, August 八月, September 九月
12、 October 十月, November 十一月, December 十二月,专有名词,普通名词,Countable nouns(可数名词),Uncountable nouns(不可数名词),Individual Nouns （个体名词）,Collective Nouns （集体名词 ）,Abstract Nouns （抽象名词 ）,Material Nouns （物质名词 ）,(1) 个体名词 表示单个人或事物。 e.g. child street city teacher (2) 集体名词 表示多个人或事物的总称 e.g. police people youth (3) 物质名词 表示物
13、质的名称，包括材料、液体、气体、食物、饮料等 e.g. gold wind food sugar sand (4) 抽象名词 表示抽象概念的名称，包括表示性质、状态、情感等 Happiness knowledge information progress,二、名词的数,A: Singular number (单数) B: Plural number (复数),可数名词表示可以用具体数字来计算的人、事物和概念的普通名词，有单数和复数之分。可数名词的复数形式的构成方法有规则变化和不规则变化。,规则变化 不规则变化,情况,加法,例词,一般情况，包括元音字母加y结尾的词,以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词
14、,以辅音y结尾的词,以辅音+o 结尾的词,以f或fe结尾的词,加-s,加-es,去y加-ies,多数加-es,把f/fe改成ves,brothers; boys,buses; watches; dishes; boxes,ladies;countries,heroes; tomatoes,leaf-leaves; knife-knives,1.规则名词单复数变化:,2.不规则名词单复数变化:,（1）单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese（2）改变字母：man -men, woman -women, policeman -policemen, sal
15、eswoman -saleswomen, foot -feet, tooth -teeth, goose -geese, Mouse -Mice（3）增加字母: child -children, ox -oxen,(4) 以o结尾的词： 加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio,bamboo 加es: tomato, potato, hero, Negro 另：zero （zeros或 zeroes）(5) 以f或fe结尾的词: 直接加s：proofs;gulfs; cliffs; roofs;serfs; beliefs; chiefs; safes一个首领(
16、chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)另外：handkerchief （handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）,3.特殊名词:,集体名词： police , cattle , people ,the youth(2) 只有复数形式的名词:clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses（指南针）, scissors（剪刀）,1.集体名词 family(家庭)，team(队)，class(班)，audience(听众)等其用法特点为：若
17、视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。比较： This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。 This class are studying English now. 这个班的学生在学习英语。,2.集体名词 police , cattle , people ,the youth,其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如： People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。 The police are looking fo
18、r him. 警察在找他。 For these many cattle were killed. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。,3. 只有复数形式的名词:clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses（指南针）, scissors（剪刀）, 其用法特点是：只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语也用复数)，但通常不与数词连用。如： Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。 To whom do these goods belong? 这些书是谁的？,4. baggage / luggage
19、(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景)scene , jewelry(珠宝)，equipment(设备)，information(信息)等 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词 (当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。如： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?,一些特殊名词 有没有s结尾意义不同： clo
20、th(织物)clothes(衣服） sand(沙，沙子 sands(沙漠), time times(时代), paper papers(论文), experience(经验) experiences(经历), custom(习惯)-customs(海关；关税) green(绿色)-greens(青菜) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩: the Greens ；the Chengs,以s结尾但不表示复数: mathematics数学, physics物理学, politics政治, statistics统计学, news新闻，,1The staff _（have）gone for thei
21、r lunch The present government,which hasnt been in power long，_（be）trying to control inflation.It isnt having much success 4The government，who _（be） looking for a quick victory，are calling for a general election soon 5The jury _（be）divided in opinion,6The committee _（have）held its first m eeting 7Al
22、most every family in this village _（have）a man in the army 8The whole family _（be）in tears,The police _ to report to headquarters immediately. A. are required B. is required C. required D. require,4.关于国籍的单复数变化 (1) 单复数同形如：Chinese, Japanese等。 当它们与定冠词连用时，表示复数或总称。 a) The Chinese are hard-working. (2) 变m
23、an 为men。如：Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman等。 an Englishman-two Englishmen a Frenchman - two Frenchmen a Dutchman - two Dutchmen,(3) 与普通名词变化相同，即词尾加-s。如：American, German, Italian，Russian等。如： a) He is an American. b) They are Germans.需要注意的是，如果这些词前面没有加任何冠词，也没有单复数变化时，其词性为形容词，与作名词时含义稍有不同。试比较： a) He is Engl
24、ish.（指他的国籍是英国。） b) He is an Englishman.（指他是英国公民。）,5.复合名词的复数形式：将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数（有名词）：looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law旁观者 过路人 岳母将最后一部分变为复数（无名词）：grown-up(s), go-between(s) (中间人）， good-for-nothing(s) (无用之人）含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词：它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers
25、含man或 woman的合成名词：它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：a man doctor, two men doctors,6.名词只能用复数形式的短语： do exercises （做操） take notes (做笔记） take turns （轮流） make repairs （搞修理） change trains （改换火车） make friends with （交朋友） shake hands with (握手） as follows （如下） in rags （衣衫褴褛） in dozens （成打的）,单复数相同的情况： sheep; deer; means; fish
26、; works; Chinese;Japanese 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。 Eg: yuan, jiao, fen, jin, mu,When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing.Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies,Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school.Abrothers-in-law Bbrother-in-lawsCbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law,以连字符号连接
27、的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：grown-ups。,There are only two _ in the hospital. Aboy students B boys student C boys students D boy student,There are only twelve _ in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor,man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的
28、名词的单复数而定。 如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers a gentleman official gentlemen officials,It took us quite a long time to get here. It was a_ journey. A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours,“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan
29、但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。,国籍的单复数 Some _ visited our school last Wednesday.AGerman BGermen CGermans DGermens,国家人的名词需要记住三种情况： 1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss 2、需要变形：English - Englishman 3、加 s 或 -es：German Germans,三、名词的格 (Case),A:通格(Common case): 主格 (Subject case)宾格 (Object case) B:所有格(Possessive case),1.
30、s属格：原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如：the teachers book; the horses tail然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也可以用s属格。,用于表时间的名词后： tomorrows weather 明天的天气 todays newspaper 今天的报纸 比较：ten minutes break = a ten-minute break 10分钟的休息(2) 用于表国家、城市的名词后： Americas policy 美国的政策 the citys population 这个城市的人口(3) 用于某些集合名词,组织机构
31、后： the governments policy 政府的政策 the stations waiting-room 车站候车室, 一般的名词，包括不以s结尾的复数名词，在词后加s。如：the childrens book 以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加。如：the teachers office两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用所有格形式，如:Tom and Mikes room若表示分别拥有时，则要在每个名词后用所有格形式，如:Toms and Mikes rooms,1.1 s属格的构成,1 如果一样东西为几个人所共有，则只在最后一个名词上加“ s ”。如： Lucy
32、 and Lilys father is a teacher 露茜和莉莉的爸爸是名教师。 2 如果所指事物不是两人共有，而是各自所有，则应在每一个名词后加“ s ”。如： Lucys and Marys mothers are teachers 露茜的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈都是医生。,对比翻译： Lucy and Lilys father is a teacher Lucys and Marys mothers are teachers,2. of属格：多用于无生命现象的名词， 也可用于有生命现象的名词；当一个名词有较长的定语时，就只能用of短语来表示所有关系。如：the cover of the
33、book; a toy of Li Pings younger brother 3双重属格：既有s的属格，又有of的属格。通常s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如:a friend of my fathers; a book of Toms4.表示“某人自己的”的属格:用of ones own表示，不可用of反身代词。例如：This is the house of my own.,1This is（李雷的家庭） 2Is that_ （ 比尔家的一幅照片）？ 3Whats（汤姆妹妹的名字）？ 4This is_（莉莉和露茜的)room 5They are（格林夫人的儿子） 6It
34、s my（mother） bag,Lileis family.,a photo of Bills family?,the name of Toms sister,Lily and Lucys,Mrs. Greens son,mothers bag,主谓一致,Either the teachers or the principal _ the meeting. A. attends B. attend C. are attending D. have attended Each soldier and sailor_given a rifle when the ship landed.A.wer
35、e B.was C.are D.is,1. A and B谓语动词用复数。 He and I attend this English exam.,2A or B 谓语形式跟后不跟前 由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes.要么是你要么是你的秘书必须检查一下演讲稿并把错误改过来。,3A with B 谓语形式
36、跟前不跟后如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as ，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summerDr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。In my opinion，he rather
37、 than you，is to blame.依我看来，他，而不是你该受遣责。,4. 就近一致：There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was; 若是复数名词，则be为are/were（即第条中的“就近原则”）。例如：There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.There are twenty students and a teacher in this room.,5. 集体名词 像school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词，其后
38、谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。 像police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded the youth 后总是跟复数谓语。,6特殊短语与词汇 如果主语由“more than onen.”或“many an.”构成，谓语动词用单数形式；如果主语由“more复数名词than one”构成，谓语动词一般用复数形式。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playi
39、ng baseball.不止一个男孩喜欢打篮球然而不止一个女生善长打棒球。A number of+名词后面加用复数谓语The number of用单数,由each，every，no所修饰的作主语的名词即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday.每个女生和男生希望参加星期天举办的英语晚会。,7. 从句who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句单谓例：How he got there is unk
40、nown./Why she did it remains a puzzle./Its lucky that he is still alive.,Each soldier and sailor_given a rifle when the ship landed.A.were B.was C.are D.isMore than one person_involved(卷入)in the case.A.is B.are C.has D.have,He is the only one of our customers who_this kind of article.A.like B.likes
41、C.are fond of D.loved,五、名词在句子中的作用 （Function),下面是典型的不可数名词，是应该熟记的！ water, oil, soup, juice, ink, rain, snow, ice, tea, coffee, wine, sunlight, sunshine,lightning, thunder, weather, darkness, heat, light, electricity, energy, power, sugar, salt, rice, corn, powder, flour, sand, dust, dirt,garbage, gras
42、s, hair, furniture, luggage, clothing, mail, equipment, food, meat, fruit, bread, toast, stone, iron, copper, chalk, paper, glass, wood, money, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry, personnel, scenery, air, smoke, steam, vapor, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogennaitrdn n.,happiness, kindness, honesty, frien
43、dship, attention, wisdom, success, courage, bravery, health, wealth, ignorance, trouble, ease, luck, laughter, love, peace, news, information, knowledge, intelligence, fun, pleasure, entertainment, enjoyment, recreation, relaxation, progress, room, work, homework, population, percent, mathematics, economics, statistics, architecture, physics, photography, politics, mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology, history, music, English, measles, mumps,
