1、商洛学院,课程简介,本课程以介绍汽车结构及维修常用英语为主要内容。共包括3大部分共9个单元：第1部分为汽车基础，主要认识汽车总成及主要零部件等英文词汇；第2部分为汽车维护常用英语导读，主要阅读汽车维护和运用中常用的英文资料；第3部分为常用术语，主要包括汽车英文缩略语、汽车常用术语等。,教学目标,在熟练掌握汽车构造的基础上： 掌握常用专业英语词汇 具备阅读汽车用户手册、维修手册、维修报告等英文文献的初步能力 具备一定的汽车科技论文的翻译能力，包括汉翻英、英翻汉 具备一定的英语应用文写作能力,Part 1 Automotive Basics 第1部分 汽车基础,Unit 1 Automotive
2、Awareness (认识汽车),重要词汇,vehicle 汽车 Classic 标准 differential 差速器 engine 发动机 chassis 底盘 train 传动 suspension 悬挂系统 steering 转向 brake 制动 cargo 货物 crew 全体乘客 camshaft 凸轮轴 coolant 冷却液 piston 活塞 flywheel 飞轮 accumulator 蓄电池 ignition 点火 distributor 分电器 injector 喷油器 pump泵 emission辐射 navigation导航 suspension 车身悬架 co
3、ndenser 冷凝器 compressor压缩机 evaporator 蒸发器 expansion 膨胀阀 spark plug 火花塞rotor转子clutch离合器 compartment 车厢 license牌照 tire 轮胎,1.1 Fundamental Structure (基本结构),Vehicles are normally constituted by four parts, such as engine, chassis, body, electrical equipment. Figure 1-1 shows the overall structure of Clas
4、sic Car.,Figure 1-1 Overall Structure Of Classic Car(典型轿车的总体构造),1.1.1 Engine (发动机),1.1.2 Chassis（底盘）The vehicle chassis includes four major categories：(1) power train system or transmission system，(2) suspension system，(3) streering system，(4) brake system,1.1.3 Body（车身）,1.1.4 Electrical Equipment（电
5、气设备）ignition system,starter,air-conditioning,1.2 Import Car Plate（进口汽车标牌）,1.2.1 Vehicle License Certification （汽车认证牌）,1.2.2 Engine Belt-plate （发动机皮带盘标牌）,1.2.3 Vacuum Tube Pipe Icon Licensing（真空管管路图标牌）,1.2.4 Air-conditioning System Scutcheon（空调系统标牌）,1.2.5 Warning Information Label （警示信息标牌）,Figure 1-1
6、5 Electrostatically Sensitive Components Warning Labels 静电敏感元件警示标签,Typical plate location（典型标牌位置）,1.3 Symbols used by car（常用汽车符号）,作业：阅读和翻译,The Basic Components of an Automobile Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped
7、 into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipments.,EngineThe engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spa
8、rk-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission 1.,All engines have fue
9、l, exhaust, cooling, and lubrication systems. Gasoline engines also have an ignition system. The ignition system supplies the electric spark needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. When the ignition switch is turned on, current flows from the 12-volt storage battery to the ignition c
10、oil. The coil boosts the voltage to produce the strong spark of 20,000 V needed to ignite the engine fuel.The automobile supplies all the electricity it needs through its electrical system. For example, the electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. T
11、he electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.,The fuel system stores liquid fuel and delivers it to the engine. The fuel is stored in the tank, which is connected to a fuel pump by a fuel line. The fuel is pumped from the fuel tank through the fuel lines. It is forced through a filter in
12、to the carburetor where it is mixed with air, or into the fuel injection system. The fuel is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture in the carburetor, the manifold, or the cylinders themselves 2.The cooling system removes excessive heat from the engine. The temperature in engine combustion cha
13、mbers is about 2,000( 1,094 ). Since steel melts at around 2,500(1,354), this heat must be carried away to prevent engine damage. Air and a coolant are used to carry away the heat. The radiator is filled with a coolant. The water pump circulates this coolant through the hollow walls of the engine bl
14、ock and head. Constant circulation of the coolant through the engine and the radiator removes heat from the engine.,Heat also is removed by the radiator fan, which draws air through the narrow fins of the radiator. This system also supplies heat to the passenger compartment and the window defrosters
15、.The lubrication system is important in keeping the engine running smoothly. Motor oil is the lubricant used in the system. The lubrication system has four functions:1. It cuts down friction by coating moving parts with oil.2. It produces a seal between the piston rings and the cylinder walls.3. It
16、carries away sludge, dirt, and acids.4. It cools the engine by circulating the motor oil. To keep this system working efficiently, oil filters and motor oil must be changed regularly. All other moving parts in an automobile must also be lubricated.,BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with
17、windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modem appearance for the vehicle. It is streamlined to les
18、sen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at the driving speeds.A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally
19、has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles (Fig. 1-1).,Figure 1-1 Sedan and convertible,小轿车,有折叠蓬的旅行车,Multi-purpose vans (MPV) can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum car
20、go space is available.The pick-up carries goods. Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass.The bodies of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose.Buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehi
21、cles, but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. Sometimes articulated buses are used to increase capacity. Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck. Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious used for long distances.,ChassisThe chas
22、sis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle. The chassis includes the power train, suspension, steering, and brake systems. Power TrainThe power train system comprises clutch, transmission, propeller shaft, rear axle and differential and the driving road wheel
23、s.The clutch or torque converter has the task of disconnecting and connecting the engines power from and to the driving wheels of the vehicle. This action may be manual or automatic.,The main purpose of the transmission or gearbox is to provide a selection of gear ratios between the engine and drivi
24、ng wheels, so that the vehicle can operate satisfactorily under all driving conditions. Gear selection may be done manually by the driver or automatically by a hydraulic control system.The function of the propeller (drive) shaft is to transmit the drive from the gearbox to the input shaft of the rea
25、r axle and differential assembly. Flexible joints allow the rear axle and wheels to move up and down without affecting operation.,The rear axle and differential unit transmits the engines rotational power through 90from propeller shaft to axle shaft to road wheels. A further function is to allow eac
26、h driving wheel to turn at a different speed; essential when cornering because the outer wheel must turn further than the inside wheel. A third function is to introduce another gear ratio for torque multiplication. Suspension SystemThe axles and wheels are isolated from the chassis by a suspension s
27、ystem. The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants, thus helping to keep the vehicle on a controlled and level course, regardless of road conditions 3.,Steering SystemThe steerin
28、g system, under the control of the driver at the steering wheel, provides the means by which the front wheels are directionally turned. The steering system may be power assisted to reduce the effort required to turn the steering wheel and make the vehicle easier to manoeuvre. Brake SystemThe braking
29、 system on a vehicle has three main functions. It must be able to reduce the speed of the vehicle, when necessary; it must be able to stop the car in as short a distance as possible; it must be able to hold the vehicle stationary. The braking action is achieved as a result of the friction developed
30、by forcing a stationary surface (the brake lining) into contact with a rotating surface (the drum or disc). Each wheel has a brake assembly, of either the drum type or the disc type, hydraulically operated when the driver applies the foot brake pedal.,Electrical EquipmentThe electrical system suppli
31、es electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of a battery, and an alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engines mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.,End of Unit1,
