1、iPhone开发教程之人机界面原则：创建优秀的用户界面,概述 隐喻 直接操纵 即看即点 反馈 用户控制 美学集成度,A great user interface follows human interface design principles that are based on the way peopleusersthink and work, not on the capabilities of the device. A user interface that is unattractive, convoluted, or illogical can make even a great
2、 application seem like a chore to use. But a beautiful, intuitive, compelling user interface enhances an applications functionality and inspires a positive emotional attachment in users.,概述,一个优秀用户界面应该遵循一些人机界面设计原则，这些原则来源于人用户思考和工作的方式，而不是设备的性能。如果一个用户界面没有吸引力，令人费解，或不合逻辑，那么即使是一个伟大的应用程序也会因此让用户觉得烦琐。但是，一个美观的
3、，无需用户思考且引人入胜的用户界面不仅可以改善应用程序功能，还能激发用户对应用程序产生正面情感和依赖感。,iPhone开发教程,You should read this chapter even if you are already familiar with these fundamental principles, because it focuses on how to apply them to iPhone applications. 即便你已经熟悉这些基本的原则，你也应该阅读本章，因为本章的重点是讲如何在 iPhone 应用程序中体现它们。,iPhone开发教程,When poss
4、ible, model your applications objects and actions on objects and actions in the real world. This technique especially helps novice users quickly grasp how your application works. Folders are a classic software metaphor. People file things in folders in the real world, so they immediately understand
5、the idea of putting data into folders on a computer. 如果可能，将你的应用程序的对象和操作按照现实世界中的对象与操作仿造。特别是对于新手用户，这项技术能够帮助他们快速领会你的应用程序是如何工作的。文件夹是一个经典的软件隐喻。在现实世界中人们把文档放到文件夹中，所以他们很快会明白把数据放到计算机的文件夹中。,iPhone开发教程之隐喻,Metaphors in iPhone OS include iPod playback controls, tapping controls to make things happen, sliding on-
6、off switches, and flicking through the data shown on picker wheels. 隐喻在 iPhone 操作系统中包括，iPod 的回放控制，轻触控制以触发事件，滑动解锁开关，快速查看在选取器滚轮内的数据。,iPhone开发教程,Although metaphors suggest a use for objects and actions in the iPhone OS interface, that use does not limit the software implementation of the metaphor. To r
7、eturn to the folder example, a folder object implemented in software has a capacity thats completely unrelated to the physical capacity of its real-world counterpart. 尽管隐喻暗示了各种对象和操作在 iPhone 操作系统界面中的用途，但是这些用途并不限制隐喻在软件中的实施。再回到文件夹这个例子，在软件中一个文件夹的存储能力与其在真实世界中的物理容量完全无关。,iPhone开发教程,As you design your appli
8、cation, be aware of the metaphors that exist in iPhone OS and dont redefine them. At the same time, examine the task your application performs to see if there are natural metaphors you can use. Bear in mind, though, that its better to use standard controls and actions than to stretch a real-world ob
9、ject or action just to fit your applications user interface. Unless the metaphors you choose are likely to be recognized by most of your users, including them will increase confusion instead of decrease it. 当您设计您的应用程序时，请认识到 iPhone 操作系统存在的隐喻，并且不要对这些隐喻重新定义。同时，检查你的应用程序执行任务是的表现，看看是否有自然的隐喻可以使用。请记住，相比为您的应
10、用程序单独增加一个合适的符合真实世界的对象和操作的用户界面，使用标准的控件和操作反而更好。除非你选择的隐喻能被您的绝大部分用户理解，包括那些会增加而不是减少用户困惑的隐喻。,iPhone开发教程,Direct manipulation means that people feel they are controlling something tangible, not abstract. The benefit of following the principle of direct manipulation is that users more readily understand the
11、results of their actions when they can directly manipulate the objects involved. 直接操纵意味着人们觉得他们都在控制切实的而不是抽象的东西。遵循直接操纵的原则的好处是，用户更容易了解他们的操作对于操纵对象所产生的结果。,iPhone开发教程之直接操纵,iPhone OS users enjoy a heightened sense of direct manipulation because of the Multi-Touch interface. Using gestures, people feel a gr
12、eater affinity for, and sense of control over, the objects they see on screen, because they do not use any intermediate device (such as a mouse) to manipulate them. 因为其多点触摸界面，iPhone 操作系统的用户享受着高度的直接操纵的愉悦感受。使用手势操作让用户对他们在屏幕上看到的对象，感觉上更具亲和力，和控制感，因为他们不必使用任何中间设备（如鼠标）操纵它们。,iPhone开发教程,To enhance the sense of
13、 direct manipulation in your iPhone application, make sure that: 为了提高你的 iPhone 应用程序中的直接操纵感，请确保： Objects on the screen remain visible while the user performs actions on them 当用户对在屏幕上的对象执行操作时，要保持他们可见 The result of the users action is immediately apparent 用户的操作结果是立即地显而易见,iPhone开发教程,An iPhone applicatio
14、n is better than a person at remembering lists of options, commands, data, and so on. Take advantage of this by presenting choices or options in list form, so users can easily scan them and make a choice. Keeping text input to a minimum frees users from having to spend a lot of time typing and frees
15、 your application from having to perform a lot of error checking. iPhone 应用程序是比一个人更善于记忆一些选项列表，命令，数据等。利用这个优势，以列表的形式给用户提供选择或选项，所以用户可以方便地扫描然后做选择。尽量减少文本输入使用户不必花费大量的时间打字，这样也避免了应用程序执行错误检查。,iPhone开发教程之即看即点,Presenting choices to the user, instead of asking for more open-ended input, also allows them to conc
16、entrate on accomplishing tasks with your application, instead of remembering how to operate it. 提供选择给用户，而不是要求更多开放性的输入，同时,允许可以让用户集中精力在你的应用程序完成任务，而不是去记忆如何操作它。,iPhone开发教程,In addition to seeing the results of their actions, users need immediate feedback when they operate controls and status reports duri
17、ng lengthy operations. Your application should respond to every user action with some visible change. For example, make sure list items highlight briefly when users tap them. Audible feedback also helps, but it cant be the primary or sole feedback mechanism because people may use iPhone OSbased devi
18、ces in places where they cant hear or where they must turn off the sound. In addition, you dont want to compete with the iPhone OS system sounds users already associate with system alerts.,iPhone开发教程之反馈,用户除了要看到他们操作的结果，还需要得到操作控件时的即时反馈，以及在长时间操作中的状态报告。您的应用程序应提供明显的变化来响应每个用户操作。例如，确保列表选项时在用户点击时暂时的高亮。声音提示也
19、很有效，但它不能成为主要或唯一的反馈机制，因为人们可能会在无法听到声音，或他们必须关闭声音的地方，使用携带 iPhone 操作系统的设备。况且，您也不想与 iPhone 操作系统的声音进行竞争，因为用户常把它认为是警告。,iPhone开发教程,iPhone OS automatically provides feedback when its temporarily busy by displaying the activity indicator. During operations that last more than a few seconds, your application sh
20、ould show elapsing progress and, if appropriate, display an explanatory message. 当系统暂时繁忙时，iPhone 操作系统自动地提供操作反馈：显示活动指示器；当系统操作持续超过好几秒时，你的应用程序应显示消耗时间进度，并且，如果有的话，显示解释性信息。,iPhone开发教程,Animation is a great way to provide feedback to users, as long as its both subtle and meaningful. Animation pervades iPhon
21、e OS, even in nonimmersive1applications. As a means of providing feedback, however, it is used to enhance the users experience, not as the focus of the users experience. 动画是向用户提供反馈的一种良好方式，它微妙而富有含义。动画贯穿于整个iPhone操作系统中，甚至在非沉浸式应用程序中。但作为提供反馈的一种手段，动画只是常用于提高用户体验，它本身并不是用户体验的焦点。,iPhone开发教程,Allow users, not y
22、our application, to initiate and control actions. Keep actions simple and straightforward so users can easily understand and remember them. Whenever possible, use standard controls and behaviors that users are already familiar with. 让用户，而不是您的应用程序，去触发并控制操作。保持操作的简单和直接，因此用户能够很容易地理解并记住他们。尽可能地使用标准的控件和用户已
23、经熟悉的行为。,iPhone开发教程之用户控制,Provide ample opportunity to cancel operations before they begin, and be sure to get confirmation when the user initiates a potentially destructive action. Whenever possible, allow users to gracefully stop an operation thats underway. 在操作执行之前，应提供充分的取消操作的选择，确保当用户触发一个潜在危险的操作时，与
24、用户进行确认。尽可能地使用户能够舒服地中止一个操作的执行。,iPhone开发教程,Although the ultimate purpose of an application is to enable a task, even if that task is playing a game, the importance of an applications appearance should not be underestimated. This is because appearance has a strong impact on functionality: An applicatio
25、n that appears cluttered or illogical is hard to understand and use. 尽管一个应用程序的最终目的是为了完成某个任务，甚至可能只是玩游戏，我们也不应低估应用程序外观的重要性。这是因为外观对功能有很大的影响：如果一个应用程序看起来很混乱或不合逻辑的话，也必然是很难理解和使用的。,iPhone开发教程之美学集成度,Aesthetic integrity is not a measure of how beautiful your application is. Its a measure of how well the appear
26、ance of your application integrates with its function. For example, a productivity application should keep decorative elements subtle and in the background, while giving prominence to the task by providing standard controls and behaviors. 美学集成度并不是一个用于衡量您的应用程序的美丑。它是用于衡量外观与功能相结合的优劣。例如，一个生产力应用程序应该在背景处保
27、持微小且精致的装饰元素，用于突出由标准控件与行为组成的任务。,iPhone开发教程,An immersive application is at the other end of the spectrum, and users expect a beautiful appearance that promises fun and encourages discovery. Although an immersive application tends to be focused on providing diversion, its appearance still needs to inte
28、grate with the task. Be sure you design the user interface elements of such an application carefully, so that they provide an internally consistent experience. 一个沉浸式的应用程序是刚好实在美学集成度的另外一边，用户期望一个美丽的外观，保证乐趣和鼓励发现。尽管一个沉浸式应用程序侧重于以提供消遣为焦点，它的外观仍然需要和任务结合起来。要确保当你在设计一个这样的应用程序的用户界面元素时，保持谨慎，这样它们才能提供给用户一个内部的完整且一致的体验。,iPhone开发教程,
