1、Need 的用法1. need 是英语中两个比较特殊的动词之一（另一个是 dare） ，既是及物动词又是情态动词。作情态动词用多见于英国英语中，而且仅用在否定句和疑问句中。如：情态助动词 及物动词肯定 He needs to go.否定 He neednt go. He doesnt need to go.疑问 Need he go? Does he need to go?2. need 作情态助动词通常不用在肯定句中（ *He need go now.）, 但在表示怀疑或否定概念的主句之后的宾语分句里或主语分句里，可以用情态助动词的肯定形式。如：I dont think you/ he ne
2、ed go just yet.I wonder if we need take sleeping-bags.The only thing you need to do is (to) fill in this form.(=You dont need to do anything else。)All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.情态动词 need 的肯定式主要用在正式文体中。在非正式文体中，need 作及物动词用也许更普遍。如：I wonder if we need to take sleeping-bags.I dont th
3、ink he needs to go just yet.The only thing you need to do is (to) fill in this form.3. need 没有过去、现在的时态区别。如果要表示过去时间可用“need have + -ed 分词”的结构。如：Need you have told him about my plans?You neednt have told him about my plan.据 CGoEL, You need not have done it. 几乎等于 You did not need to do it. 但是，need have+
4、-ed 分词结构隐含有与事实相反的意思，need to 的结构则没有。如下一句中，我们就不能用 need not have said 来代替 did not need to say:Anne was too nervous to reply, but fortunately she did not need to say anything.编者注：did not need to say anything 指 Anne 并没有说任何的话。如果改为 need not have said 则指 Anne 说了话，但是不必要。据 PEU，neednt have + -ed 分词与 didnt need
5、 to 的意思不一样（这与 CGoEL 的说法有些不一样） 。试比较：She neednt have hurried. (It wasnt necessary to hurry, but she did.)She didnt need to hurry. (It wasnt necessary to hurry; we dont know whether she did.)I neednt have gone to the station. (I made an unnecessary journey.)I didnt need to go to the station. (It was un
6、necessary to goI dont say whether I went or not, but I probably didnt.)DCE 持与 PEU 同样的观点：He neednt have gone.这句话表示他去过了，但 He didnt need to go. 这句话，我们不清楚他是否去过。4. neednt 在间接引语里可以保持不变，或由 didnt / wouldnt have to 来代替。如：“You neednt come in tomorrow,” he said.He said I neednt / didnt have to come in the next
7、 day.5. 回答 need 的疑问句，可用下面形式：-Need they leave now? (BrE) / Do they need/ have to leave now?-Yes, they must/ have to/ need to.-No, they neednt.回答 Need you have hurried / written, etc? 的疑问句可用下面形式：Yes, I had to. / No, I neednt have.6. need 用作名词时，常带介词 of 或 for. 据 EPI，只有 need 在意思上跟它用做完全动词的动宾部分相一致时，才能用(hav
8、e) need of， 即： to need sth. to have need of sth.。 如：We have no need of your advice. He had need of five hundred Francs.I have no need of doctors.当 need 指“迫不得已的情况 ”(compelling circumstances) 或在意思上与助动词 need 相应的时候，用 need for（多用于 there be 结构）表示。如：There is no need for panic.(比较：You neednt get panicked.)I
9、s there any need for all this hurry?(比较：Need there be all this hurry?)Theres a great need for a book on this subject.有时 need of 和 need for 之间区别甚微，如：There is a need of/ for more science teachers.Anns need of/ for money was becoming acute.在这种情况下，of 指需要的性质，for 指应满足需要的东西。但是在某些句子当中，need of 可能产生歧义，如 The n
10、eed of nurses is well known.就有两种理解：Are the nurses needy or are they in short supply? 改为下面的说法就很清楚：Nurses low pay is well known. 或 The shortage of nurses is well know.7. if need be 是固定虚拟语气的短语，只指现在或将来，相当于 if (it is) necessary. 如：If need be we can always bring another car.Ill ask someone to help you, if
11、 need be.8. （某人）没有必要做某事可用 Theres no need (for sb.) to do sth. 或 It is not necessary (for sb.) to do sth. 或 It is not necessary +that- 分句表示，没有 It is no need (for sb.) to do sth.的结构。如：Theres no need to tell the police about the accident.Its not necessary to tell the police about the accident. 9. need
12、+ -ing:当 want、need、deserve 以及 require 的主语是非人称名词，只能接-ing 分词或被动不定式，用-ing 分词更符合习惯用法。My shoes want/ need washing/*being washing/*to wash.The house wants/needs painting/ to be painted.当主语是指人的名词/代词时，后接-ing 分词或不定式主动式均可。接-ing 分词时，主语是动作对象（即动宾关系） ；接不定式时，主语是动作执行者（即主谓关系） 。试比较：The boy needs washing (=to be washe
13、d) (需要给孩子洗一洗。)The boy needs to wash. （需要这孩子去洗。 ）The sick man wants looking after. （病人要求照顾。 ）She wants to look after the sick man. （她要求照顾病人。 ）Want 的宾语是名词短语时，通常做 “需要”解。这时与 need 的意思相重叠：I want/ need an apple/ an assistant/ a rest, etc.但有时并不完全相同，如在 He wants your help. 和 He needs your help. 句中，前者指“他想要你的帮助”而后者才指“他需要你的帮助” 。
