1、1英语主谓一致详解1. 代词做主语A主语是 he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等代词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Somebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。(2) Everyone is here. 大家都来了。(3) There is something wr
2、ong with my bike. 没有的单车有点毛病。B主语是 I(除 be 动词用 am 外) , you, we, they 代词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：(1) I like to stay here with you. 我喜欢跟你在这儿。(2) They are all soldiers. 他们都是战士。(3) We play football after school. 我们放学后踢足球。C主语是：who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder 时，谓语动词的形式须依具
3、体情况而定。如：(1) Whos the girl over there? 那边的那个女孩是谁？(2) Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戏的男孩子是哪些人？(3) Whats this? 这是什么？(4) What are those? 哪些是什么？(5) Which is yours? 哪一个是你的？(6) Which are childrens? 哪一些是孩子们的？2. 名词做主语A. 一般说来，不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Water is necessary for living thi
4、ngs. 水对于生物来说是必须的。(2) The desk over there is Li Leis. 那边的那张课桌是李蕾的。(3) The dog is a useful animal. 狗是一种有用的动物。B. 表示总称意义的名词 people (人们，人民), cattle, police，youth 做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：(1) English people are fond of talking about weather. 英国人喜欢谈论天气。(2) Cattle are farmersfriends. 牛是农民的朋友。2C. 主语是：public, boa
5、rd, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, herd, jury, party 等名词时，如果是作为整体的，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：如：(1) Our class is made up of fifty students. 我们班有五十个学生组成。(2) Our class are working very hard. 我们班学习都很努力。(3) His team is very stron
6、g. 他们队很强大。(4) His team are talking with the coach. 他们队在跟教练谈话。D. 主语是：时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，即使是复数，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Three years passes quickly. 三年很快过去了。(2) Two meters is not long enough. 两米不够长。(from )E. 主语是：news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics 等名词虽然以s 结尾，但谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Physics i
7、s very interesting and useful. 物理既很有趣也很有用。(2) Plastics is widely used in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中被广泛地应用。F. 主语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 一千零一夜很有趣。(2) The New York Times is popular in America. 纽约时报 在美国很受欢迎。G. 在算式里，主语是数词时，谓语动词也只能用第三
8、人称单数形式。如：(1) Three and five is eight. 三加五等于八。(2) Twelve divided by six is two. 十二除以六等于二。8) 主与是：clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves 等名时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：(1) The trousers are not expensive. 这条裤子不贵。(2) Your socks are over there. 你的袜子在那边。H. 主语是：a lot of, lots of,
9、plenty，百分比 of +名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而确定。如：(1) A lot of people have taken part in the activity. 很多人参加了这次活动。(2) Lots of water is lost. 大量的水被流失了。I. 主语是： kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照 kind, type, amount, pair, quantity 的数而确定。如：(1) This pair of trousers was made by Maste
10、r Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。(2) A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted. 这个海里大量的水被污染了。3(3) Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood. 大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了。J. 主语是：the number of + 名词的复数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：The number of students in our class is seventy-eight. 我们班的学生数是七十八。主语是：a number of + 名词
11、复数时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：A number of students of our school come from the countryside. 我们学校很多学生来自农村。K. 主语是：the population 时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 。如：(1) What is the population of your town? 你们镇的人口多少？(from )(2) The population of America is a little over two hundred million. 美国人口数大约是两亿多一点。主语是：分数 + population 时，谓语动
12、词常用第三人称复数形式。如：About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers. 我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农民。 L. 主语是：means, works, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese 等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。如：(1) Every means has been tried but we cant save him. 每一种方法我们都是用过了，但是我们还是救不了他。(2) All the means have been tried but we
13、cant save him. 所有的方法我们都是用过了，但是我们还是救不了他。 3. 两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语(一) and, both.and 连接名词或代词做主语A谓语一般用复数形式。如：(1) Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English. 李蕾和魏方都对英语感兴趣。(2) He and she are good friends. 他跟她是好朋友。Band 连接的两个成对的名词，如 fork and knife, bread and butter；soda and water； coffee and water；aim an
14、d end；salt and water 等，虽有 and 连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Where is your fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪儿？(2) Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 你们两人吃这一点面包和黄油够了吗？Cand 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人, 即： and 前的名词前有冠词,而 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：Im told that the monitor and League secretary is ill today. 我听
15、说班长兼团支书今天病了。Dand 所连接的连个名词前分别有: every, each, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school. 在学校，每一个男孩和女孩都玩得挺开心。(2) Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。4(二) 主语是：连接词 or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, notbut, not o
16、nlybut also等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须跟与之最接近的名词或代词决定。如：(1) Neither he nor you are to blame. 他和你都不应该受责备。(2) Is neither he nor you to blame? 他和你都不应该受责备吗？当 there be 后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be 的数由与其靠得最近的那个 主语一致。如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。There are two pears, some oran
17、ges and an apple on the plate.(三) 主语是：介词 in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to 等所连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与这些词前面的名词的数保持一致。如：(1) At the meeting, one in four is against the decision. 会上由四分之一
18、的人反对这一决议。(2) The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。(四) one and a half + 名词复数做主语，即名词超过一，但不满二时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：One and a half oranges is enough for the baby. 这个孩子有一个半桔子就够了。(五) many a + 名词单数；more than one + 名词单数；a + 名词单数 + or two 等做句子的主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Many a student
19、 is interested in English grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。(2) A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。(六) one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语动词第三人称复数形式。如：One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition. 在你的作文中发现了一两个拼写错误4. The + 形容词做主语AThe + 形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如：(1) Th
20、e poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。(2) The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。BThe + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。(from )5. 主语是句子、短语A主语是非谓语动词短语时， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Reading is of much help for l
21、earning a language. 阅读对学语言很有帮助。(2) To keep on doing morning exercises is good. (= It is good to keep on doing morning exercises. ) 坚持做早操很有好处。5B主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：(1) Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned. 他昨天为什么没来正在询问之中。(2) Where we can get so much money is still a problem. 我们到哪里去弄这么
22、多钱还是个问题。但 what，who 引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。如：What I want are these things. C在强调句型“It + be + 被强调的部分 + that / who ”中，be 总是用单数形式；that / who 后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。如：(1) It was Lin Tao who called you just now. 刚才给你打电话的就是林涛。(2) It is you that are going to be invited to the party. 只有你将被邀请去
23、参加聚会。D定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。如：(1) The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Lis sister. 在台上讲话的那个女孩是张力的姐姐。(2) The children that are playing games over there are from Hunan. 在那边做游戏的孩子们是湖南人。(from )注意：在“one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当 one前面有 the, the very, the less, the onl
24、y 或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：(1) Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English. 李蕾是英语学得好的学生之一。(2) Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America. 艾利斯是唯一的一个来美国的女孩。Ethere be 结构中 be 动词的形式由紧接近 be 后面的名词的形式所决定。如：(1) There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom. 教室里有一个老师
25、和七十个学生。(2) There are seventy students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有七十个学生和一个老师。F在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be 动词总是为 were 的形式。如：(1) If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely. 要是我是一只鸟，我将自由自在地在天空飞翔。(2) If he were here, I would talk to him face to face. 如果他在这里，我将面对面地跟他谈。几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题1.“many a +名词”和“
26、more than one +名词”作主语谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则 )：Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语6此时谓语动词用复数：They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。3. 主语后接 in addi
27、tion to, with, along with, together with, except, but 等介词其后的动词形式取决介词前主语：Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。4. means 作主语名词 means(方法)单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具
28、体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)：These means are very good. 这些方法很好。Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可：There is are no good means. 没有好的方法。Are Is there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?练习题一：The boys and the girls each _ to do something different, which _the teacher un
29、easy.A. want, make B. wants, makes C. want, makes D. wants, make许多同学认为，each 表示“ 每个 ”，表单数意义，所以第一空填 wants，第二空前的 which 指前句所说的情况，表单数意义，所以第二空填 makes，从而确定答案为 B。该分析只对了一半，即第二空填 makes 的分析是对的，而第一空填 wants 的分析则不对。其实，此题的最佳答案为 C，即第一空应填复数动词 want，因为此句的主语 the boys and the girls，而 each 只是主语的同位语，按照英语语法，谓语应与其相应的主语保持一致(
30、即所谓的主谓一致) ，而不是与主语的同位语保持一致。题二：He speaks French _ German, but his mother _ is English.A. as well as, language B. as well as, tongueC. so well as, language D. so well as, tongue答案选 B，第一空应填 as well as，表示“而且，还，和”，第二空格应填 tongue，mother tongue 意为“母语”。许多同学想当然地认为“母语”是 mother language，其实错了。英语中表示 “母语”有三种常用的方法：n
31、ative language，native tongue，mother tongue，但是习惯上却不说 mother language。题三： More than one student _ read the novels, which _ written by David. 7A. has, was B. have, were C. has, were D. have, was【分析】此题容易误选 B，其实最佳答案为 C。more than one student (不止一个学生) 从形式上看是单数，但从意义上却是复数，它用作主语时，英语习惯上让其谓语与该主语的形式（而不是意义）保持一致，即
32、用单数谓语。至于第二空要用复数，因为 which 指的是 novels，故谓语用 were主谓一致专项练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of
33、 then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _
34、my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle 9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting
35、at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. 8A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C.
36、is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken g
37、ood care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school
38、 bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, .A.neither he will B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither22. I havent finished my homeworked yet. A. so has he B.
39、Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .”A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing En
40、glish songs.9A. has been B. is C. are D. am(1).B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5).B (6).A (7).B (8). C (9). D (10). A (11).B (12).B (13).C (14). D (15).A (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21).C (22). D (23). B (24). A (25). D英语强调句型详说我们在说话、写文章的过程中，为了要突出句子中的某一部分时，就常使用某种方法、手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注意，这就是强调。英语中，表示强调的方法
41、一般分为三种：位置的强调；用词强调；句型强调。如：一、位置强调英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、宾、表、状。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句末。如：A.强调主语及状语。如：(1) I was reading English this morning. This morning, I was reading English. 今天早晨，我一直在读英语。(2) Ill go to see Li Lei tomorrow. Tomorrow, Ill go to see Li Lei. 明天，我要去看李蕾。B. 强调谓语(as, though 引导的让步状语从句)(1) Though he
42、 will try, he cant succeed. Try as / though he will, he cant succeed. 尽管他会尝试，但他不会成功。(2) Though she can sing, she cant sing well. Sing though / as she can, she cant sing well. 尽管她会唱，但唱得不好。C. 强调宾语或表语(as, though 引导的让步状语从句)(1) Though he learnt English, he didnt learn it well. English as / though he lear
43、nt, he didnt learn it well. 尽管他学过英语，但他学得并不好。(2) Though he is ill, he keeps on working. Ill as / though he is, he keeps on working. 尽管他有病，他仍坚持工作。二、用词强调英语中强调的另一种方法，就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强调主要有以下几种形式。10A. 在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词 do, 对谓语进行强调。如：(1) I do like swimming. 我的确喜欢游泳。(2) He did go there last night. 他昨天晚上
44、的确去过那儿。B. 用 awfully, badly, dead, deeply, ever, extremely, highly, indeed, lightly, notat all, particularly, pretty, really, so, strongly, terribly, utterly, very, very much,等副词修饰以加强语气。如：(1) He wants to get it very much. 他非常像得到它。(2) I miss you terribly. 我非常思念你。C. 用短语 at all, on earth, in the world,
45、under the sun 等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。如：(1) I dont know it at all. 我一点也不知道。(2) What on earth are you doing there? 你到底在那干什么？4) 用重复某一个词或短语来强调。如：(1) He thought and thought, and suddenly he got a good idea. 他想啊想啊，突然想到了一个好主意。(2) He ran and ran, and at last he caught up with other students. 他跑啊跑啊，终于赶上了其他的同学们。三
46、、用句子来强调A句型强调英语中最常见的强调手段，也是我们必须要掌握的方法就是句型强调，即：强调句型。It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)如：(1) It was in the room that Li Lei was born. 李蕾出生就在这间房子。(2) It is Wei Fang who has broken the record. 就是魏方打破了纪录。B在使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题：(A) 原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用 It is + 被强调的部分 + that (who); 若原句子是过去时，强调句用：It was + 被强调的部分 + tha
47、t (who)(1) Li Leis father will work in America. It is in America that Li Leis father will work. 李蕾的父亲的工作将就在美国。(2) I studied at this school a few years ago. It was at this school that I studied a few years ago. 几年前我就在这所学校读书。(B) 即使被强调的部分是复数，It 后面始终用单数形式。如(from )(1) Tom and Lucy gave us much help. It w
48、as Tom and Lucy that gave us much help. 正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。(2) I saw swans in the lake yesterday. It was swans that I saw in the lake yesterday. 昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。11(C) 强调人时，可用 who 代替 that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用 when, where, why, how 代替 that。如：(1) It is our teacher who / that helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。(2) It is by bus that I go to schoo
