1、中考英语专项练习之复合句(-)初中阶段常见的复合句包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。一、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。引导词作宾语从句的句子 引导词陈述句: that +主+谓+宾一般疑问句: if / whether+主 +谓+宾Sam asked me, “Do you often ride a bike?Sam asked me if I often rode a bike. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+主+谓+宾: He asked his teacher how he could play the violin well.I dont know what I should
2、do with the letter.简单句:疑问词+to do： 宾语从句的时态: 主句一般现在时 ,从句可以根据需要的任意时态 .主句一般过去时,从句是过去时.主句一般过去时, 客观真理, 自然现象用一般现在时 .【练习导航】. 单项选择( )1. He asked which film they _ about. A. will talk B. are going to talk C. was going to talk D. were talking( )2. Do you know _ bike this is?A. that B. who C. why D. whose( )3.
3、Polly said no news _ good news. A. was B. were C. is D. are ( )4. We didnt know _ she was ready or not. A. when B. that C. whether D. what( )5. What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?He said that I _ better.A. can do B. am C. will do D. could do( )6. I want to know w
4、hen _ have a field trip.Well have it when all the work _.A. you are; will finish B. you will; finishes C. you will; is finished D. you; finish ( )7. Could you tell me when _?At 10:25, in ten minutes. A. the bus will leave B. will the bus leaveC. the bus has left D. had the bus left ( )8. Do you know
5、 _ hell arrive here at 9:00 this morning?Im afraid hell be late.A. that B. how C. why D. whether( )9. Could you tell me _?She is a student in Eton School.A. where Kate is studying B. how Kate was studying C. why Kate was studying D. when Kate studied( )10. Do you know _ going to stay in London?No, I
6、 dont. Maybe a few days. A. when he is B. how long he is C. when is he D. how long is he . 句型转换11. He asked his teacher how he could play the violin well. (改为简单句)He asked his teacher _ _ _ _ _ _.12. Sam asked me, “Do you often ride a bike?” (改为复合句)Sam asked me _ _ _ _ _ _.13. I dont know what I shou
7、ld do with the letter. (改为简单句)I dont know what _ _ with the letter. 14. “Does light travel faster than sound?” Tom asked. (改为复合句)Tom asked _ _ _ _ _ _.15. She doesnt know how she gets to the bank. (改为简单句)She doesnt know how _ _ _ _ _. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。16. I dont think the watch will _ (mend) well in
8、2 days. 17. She said that the sun _ (be) brighter than the moon. 18. I will take back what I _ (say).19. I wanted to know if he _ (can) mend the car. 20. She said that she _ (go) fishing last Sunday. 21. She told me that they _ (talk) about a new book at this time yesterday. 22. Im sure everything _
9、 (go) well. 23. I hope that I _ (visit) Beijing soon. 24. I hear that Tom _ (be) here for a week. 25. Tom told his boss that he _ (finish) the work well if he _ (give) another chance. 二、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，并充当其定语的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词 whe
10、n, where, why 等引导。定语从句的谓语动词的人称变化与先行词有关。（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who/that/whom 指人，在从句中做主语/ 宾语The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)Mr. Liu is the person (who/whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。3. whi
11、ch/that 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which/ that is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语“谁的 ”。(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen
12、 in.(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.（二）、关系副词引导定语从句在剧中做状语。关 系 副 词 关 系 副 词 =介 词 +关 系 代 词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. Shanghai is th
13、e city in which I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2. when 引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.
14、注表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that 引导。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 3. why 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 特别注意关系词在从句中做什么成分，或者说从句缺少什么成分。1. I will never forget the days_we work together.2. I will never forget the days_
15、we spent together. ( spend time )3. I went to the place_ I worked ten years ago. 4. I went to the place_ I visited ten years ago. 5. I went to the place in _ I lived ten years ago. 6. This is the reason _he was late.7. This is the reason _he gave.8. This is the school _he studied at 20 years ago.9.
16、This is the school _he studied 20 years ago.注意:关系词只能用 that 的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用 that.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如: Is there anything that yo
17、u want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用tha.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用 that.例如 : I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以 who
18、或 which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是 there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用 that.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。关系词只能用 which,而不用 that 的情况: a.先行词为 that, those 时,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介
19、词时,一般用 which,而不用 that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 【练习导航】. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 这就是那个帮助过我的人。This is the man _ _ me.2. 你在寻找的医生在房间里。The doctor _ you are looking for _ in the room.3. 你认识那个名叫李萍的女士吗
20、？Do you know the lady _ name _ Li Ping?4. 我收到的那封信是我父亲写来的。 The letter _ I received _ from my father. 5. 你还有什么要说的吗？Is there anything _ you _ to say?6. 你还记得我们几天前拜访过的那个人吗？Do you still remember the man _ _ _ a few days ago? 7. 那个在事故中断了左臂的工人被送进了医院。The worker _ left arm _ _ in the accident was sent to hosp
21、ital.8. 这就是我出生的地方。This is _ _ _ I was born. 9. 这是我看过的最好的小说。This is _ _ _ _ I have read.10. 这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。This is your second time _ _ _ us the story. 单项选择( )11. The boy _ helped me yesterday is playing soccer with his friends.A. whom B. who C. which D. whose( )12. The music _ the U2 band played wa
22、s very popular. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose( )13. The girl _ skirt is red is Toms sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that ( )14. This is the best way _ can help us earn lots of money.A. which B. who C. that D. when ( )15. Anyone _ breaks the rules must be punished.A. whom B. whose C. which D. w
23、ho( )16. We talked the things and persons _ we were interested in. A. that B. which C. who D. when( )17. There is a girl _ is waiting for you.A. whose B. which C. whom D. who( )18. Ill never forget the day _ I first come here.A. when B. where C. why D. who( )19. This is the room _ he lived last year
24、.A. when B. where C. why D. which( )20. Thats the reason _ he was late for school.A. when B. where C. why D. which. 将下列句子合并成为含有定语从句的复合句。21. I remember everything. You did everything to help us. _22. Look at the boy and his dog. They are running over there. _23. He is the man. He has done lots of things to help these homeless people. _24. This is the reason. We must value time. _25. He told me the date. He joined the music club.
