1、高校英语专业四级考试 写作教程, 123456 qiong_ 15988850987,高校英语专业四级考试写作介绍,大作文 形式: 议论文 分值: 15分 字数要求: 200词左右 时间要求: 35分钟,小作文 形式: 便条 分值: 10分 字数要求: 50-60词 时间要求: 10分钟,应试写作的三个层次,写得出 写得对 写得炫,应试写作难点,写作本身难度大, 是驾驭一门语言的最高境界,属于信息的输出,是逻辑、语法 、词汇 、文化等的综合统一,应试写作难点,大脑一片空白 基本无话可说 绿叶对根的情意 Tourism is a booming business in China. Howeve
2、r, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others dont think so. What is your opinion? Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?,应试写作难点,表达漏洞百出 可读性相当差 In China, because its tradition, the old is most raised by their children. In China, because of its tradit
3、ion, the old are mostly supported by their children.,应试写作难点,中式英语泛滥 考官哭笑不得 Pollution makes us cannot breathe fresh air. Pollution makes us unable to breathe fresh air.,应试写作难点,口语痕迹明显 好似娓娓道来 I say its a good thing. Now Ill tell you a story about myself. People have many things to do.,应试写作难点,表达捉襟见肘 词句鲜有
4、亮点,越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 More and more college graduates who have just graduated from university find that finding a good job is more and more difficult.,越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难 A growing number of fresh graduates find that obtaining a decent job is increasingly difficult.,越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工
5、作是越来越难。 A growing number of fresh graduates find that being employed by a decent employer is increasingly difficult.,越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 The difficulty of being employed by a decent employer is on the rise, as the number of fresh graduates grows.,高校英语专业四级考试大纲：写作,议论文：内容切题、完整，条理清楚，结构严谨，语法正确，语言通
6、顺，表达得体,高校英语专业四级考试试卷要求：写作,议论文 You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for c
7、ontent, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.,高校英语专业四级考试写作要求,谋篇: 观点突出 结构合理 谋段: 论证充分 言之有物 谋句: 正确 多变 关联 谋词: 准确 多变 重要结论: 语言内容形式,议论文题目分类,观点选择型: 2009 2007 2006 2004 1999 1997 1995 1994 阐述说明型: 2008 2005 2003 2002 2001 2000 1998 1996,课程
8、安排,总体高校英语专业四级考试写作 讲解议论文观点选择型写作 讲解议论文阐述说明型写作 讲解便条写作 高校英语专业四级考试写作遣词用句常见错误 高校英语专业四级考试写作遣词用句升级练习,高校英语专业四级考试写作的步骤,审题 观点选择型？ 阐述说明型？ 构思 头脑风暴 行文 三思而落笔 检查 The first draft of anything is SHIT.- By Hemmingway,观点选择型题目,2007 Nowadays the Internet has become part of peoples life, and millions of young people have
9、made friends online. Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?,Outline,For 拓宽视野 widen horizon 丰富生活 enrich lifestyle,Against 潜在危险 potential danger 华而不实 impractical & superficial,Structure 结构,Introduction 总起段 Body 主体段 Conclusion 总结段,Introduction 总起段,背景争议法 Background 背景 Controversy (2 different / opposite ide
10、as) 争议 Statement 观点,事例法 Examples 事例 Statement 观点,背景争议法 - Background 背景,Being a controversial issue, the great popularity of making friends on line has aroused a great deal of attention in society during the past decades. Nowadays, the issue on the great popularity of making friends on line is highly
11、 debatable, and ideas vary from person to person.,背景争议法 - Background 背景,The past decades have witnessed the great leap in information technology and change in lifestyle in all aspects, which have put making on-line friends into heated debate. A controversy has arisen and stood unsolved for several y
12、ears that whether it is a sound decision to build friendship on Internet.,背景争议法 - Background 背景,A heated debate has lasted for years regarding whether it is a sound decision to build friendship on Internet.,背景争议法 - Controversy 争议,Some people think that it is good, other people think that it is bad.
13、Some would claim net friends are so generous and considerate, while some others may suggest that on-line friendship has its own flaws. Some would claim net friends are so generous and considerate, while the idea that on-line friendship has its own flaws is still held by some others.,背景争议法 - Controve
14、rsy 争议,Think claim / suggest / believe / advocate / maintain / argue / suppose Good beneficial / profitable / helpful / sound / decent Bad harmful / detrimental / hazardous Advantage merit / virtue / benefit / profit / pro Disadvantage demerit / drawback / flaw / shortcoming / con / cost,背景争议法 - Sta
15、tement 观点,简洁明了 concrete & concise As for me, I side with the former / latter. As far as I am concerned, I believe having friends connected by Internet is advisable in everyday life. In my view, it is much better to have everyday life without having friends connected by Internet.,事例法 - Examples 事例,A
16、group of players of World of Warcraft can share their ideas and interests of this game on line, even though initially they did not know each other and they are from various corners worldwide.,事例法 - Statement 观点,The lesson that can be drawn from the example is clear and simple: having friends connect
17、ed by Internet brings colorful life.,事例法 - Examples 事例,It is not rare that, according to report on media, some young girls are deceived by the fair words of these so-called net friends, and suffer financial loss, sexual assault and even more extreme criminal behaviors.,事例法 - Statement 观点,The lesson
18、that can be drawn from the example is clear and simple: net friends are not reliable and it is miserable to make friends on line.,Conclusion 总结段,Statement 观点 rewrite, not copy All in all / To conclude / In conclusion / In general / To sum up When all the above-mentioned factors are taken into consid
19、eration, a conclusion could be drawn that ,Conclusion 总结段,From my point of view, on-line friends contribute to more interesting and colorful life. From where I stand, on-line friendship brings nothing beneficial but unbearable memory.,Body 主体段,To begin with / Firstly / First and foremost Secondly /
20、In addition / Moreover In the third place / Furthermore / Last but not least,Outline,For 拓宽视野 widen horizon 丰富生活 enrich lifestyle,Against 潜在危险 potential danger 华而不实 impractical & superficial,For,Introduction To begin with, making friends on line widens horizon In addition, making friends on line enr
21、iches lifestyle Conclusion,For,Introduction To begin with, making friends on line widens horizon In addition, lifestyle can be enriched by on-line friends Conclusion,拓宽视野 widen horizon,To begin with, making friends on line widens horizon. With so many on-line friends, both domestic and international
22、, you can acquire information and knowledge from all aspects. For example, you will know the latest information about Kobe Brant and the next show of Super Junior via net friends.,拓宽视野 widen horizon,To begin with, making friends on line widens horizon. With so many on-line friends, both domestic and
23、 international, one can acquire information and knowledge from all aspects. For example, the latest information about Kobe Brant and the next show of Super Junior will be known via net friends.,丰富生活 enrich lifestyle,In addition, lifestyle can be enriched by on-line friends. Our hobbies and interests
24、 could be shared with on-line friends. It is great to find someone with identical taste in music, movies, games and TV programs. Thus life is no longer confined in textbook and classroom.,一边倒 Against,Introduction To begin with, making friends on line has some potential danger In addition, on-line fr
25、iendship is impractical and superficial Conclusion,潜在危险 potential danger,To begin with, making friends on line has some potential danger. Teenagers are immature, curious and nave, and can neither resist the temptation around nor make a sound judgment. Thus, during communication with on-line friends,
26、 some of whom have evil purposes, it is easy for the young to be tempted into some illegal behaviors and even crimes.,华而不实 impractical & superficial,In addition, on-line friendship is impractical and superficial. Net friends cannot be relied on if one is in trouble, as they are too far away to offer
27、 help. Besides, they are not dependable due to false information provided. When one faces some difficulties, he has to trust and resort to family members and friends in reality, instead of on-line friends.,议论文的论点论据论证,常见的论证方法,举例：形象化，生动化，易于理解 比较：中国人强调绝对，好就是好，很好就是很好；西方人强调相对，任何东西要放在整体的环境中看 引用：it is repo
28、rted that, it is said that, it is universally acknowledged that, it is revealed by official figure that 反证：从with这个角度不好想到，那么就从without 入手,观点选择型题目,2009 Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others dont think so
29、. What is your opinion? Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?,Outline,For 垃圾污染 waste and pollution 侵占土地 loss of land,Against 丰厚收入 large income and revenue 较高素质 improved quality,垃圾污染 waste and pollution,There is a positive link between number of tourists and amount of waste and pollution. It is
30、 not uncommon that waste, such as plastic bags and bottles, some of which are disposable, can be found in almost all tourist attractions, and even on the peak of some famous mountains. Surrounded by various waste, these places can not be appealing and their reputation can be ruined.,侵占土地 loss of lan
31、d,As land demand rises, the quantity of forest and farmland declines. In order to attract tourists, many public facilities are built, such as hotels, restaurants and shopping centers. With limited land, the original forest and farmland have to be occupied. Thus the ecological system can be imbalance
32、d and break down, and human cannot survive on the planet.,丰厚收入 large income and revenue,Large income and revenue gained from tourism offer adequate fund for environmental protection. Despite some waste and pollution brought by tourism, financial support guarantees the operation for better environmen
33、t, such as waste collection and sewage disposal. It is believed that decent environment can be maintained as long as sufficient fund is available.,较高素质 improved quality,Improved quality of tourists reduces the possibility of ruining environment. As the awareness of being environmentally friendly is
34、popularized and upgraded, few tourists spit and litter nowadays. It is not uncommon to see most tourists and volunteers, especially the young, are willing to collect waste to dustbin, without considering who has dropped it.,观点选择型题目,2006 Recently a Beijing information company did a survey of student
35、life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xian, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shenyang. The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrows money today is better. What do you think?,Outline,Savi
36、ng money 减轻负担 relieve burden 未雨绸缪 prepare for the future,Using tomorrows money 刺激经济 boost economy 努力赚钱 work hard,减轻负担 relieve burden,Economic burden can be relieved by saving money. With credit card, it is easy and comfortable to do some shopping. However, over-spending poses a great burden to the i
37、ndividual and family in the future, as one, as well as his family members, has to keep repaying the debt. He is under constant financial pressure, which may trigger crisis.,未雨绸缪 prepare for the future,Thrift prepares for the future. Some expenditure can not be avoided in the future, such as educatio
38、n, housing and wedding. Besides, some emergencies and risks should be expected as well, such as diseases and unemployment. Thus, it is of necessity to have some deposit.,刺激经济 boost economy,Consumption is an essential way to boost economy. As it is known, consumption, together with investment and exp
39、ort, contributes to economic growth. At present, the world economy is approaching worldwide recession due to financial crisis. It is suggested by government and economists that consumption and confidence are indispensable to overcome the difficulty.,努力赚钱 work hard,Repaying debt encourages one to wor
40、k hard to make a fortune. Without debt, one would be satisfied with his current situation and never consider to have any advance in career. However, he has to make attempts to repay the loan by which he has purchased house and car.,观点选择型题目,2004 Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than wri
41、te to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion? WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING?,Outline,For 方便高效 convenient & efficient 即时反应 instant reaction,Against 细腻情感 subtle feelings 美好回忆 happy memory,方便高效 convenient & efficient,It is convenient and efficient to make
42、phone calls. For example, if a message is delivered from Hangzhou to New York, by letter, it costs a few days or weeks. However, by phone, instant communication can be realized. It is phones that make the world a global village.,即时反应 instant reaction,Instant reaction relies on phones. When some disa
43、sters or accidents, such as fire or earthquake, happen, phones work but letter writing does not. Government and citizens can have an instant reaction according to the message delivered by phones. While the effect of letter writing in this situation is incredible.,细腻情感 subtle feelings,Some subtle fee
44、lings cannot be expressed by speech via phone calls, but can be written down and sent by letter. For someone who is shy, letter writing is a sound way to express his love to his beloved; for those who are not talkative, they could resort to letter writing to make an apology or a suggestion.,美好回忆 hap
45、py memory,Happy memory is another virtue of letter writing. In most cases, words in phone cannot be kept as a call ends. In comparison, letters record all the information. Therefore, it could be a fantastic experience to read the letters from the beloved and recall the time with them.,观点选择型题目,1999 W
46、e see advertisements on television every day. Some people think that TV advertising brings us benefits, but others dont think so. What is your opinion? A MAJOR ADVANTAGE / DISADVANTAGE OF ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION,Outline,For 消费者得益 benefit consumers 有助于厂商 help sellers & manufacturers 中介媒体兴起 booming
47、of media,Against 夸大欺诈 exaggerated or false 误导小孩 mislead children 惹人厌恶 disturbing & annoying,消费者得益 benefit consumers,Advertisement benefits consumers. Numerous information is provided in advertisement for consumers to choose from. Thus products with excellent quality and reasonable price could be bou
48、ght by careful selection and comparison.,有助于厂商 help sellers & manufacturers,To help sellers and manufacturers is another virtue of advertisement. Advertisement promotes products, services, brands and images to be worldwide famous. For example, by sponsoring Olympic Games and World Cup, some sports b
49、rands, such as Nike and Adidas, are known to young generation worldwide.,中介媒体兴起 booming of media,Booming of media results from advertisement. TV stations, newspapers, magazines and websites could make a fortune by advertisement. Also, related industries, such as design and publicity, can be boosted.,夸大欺诈 exaggerated or false,
