1、第 1 页 共 5 页介词及介词短语(一)主要介词区别1、表示时间的 at, in, on: at 表示片刻的时间,如:at 8 oclock ,常用词组有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。in 表示一段的时间,如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, i
2、n the past, in the future 等。on 总是跟日子有关,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。2、表示时间的 since 和 from:since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since
3、 1995.3、表示时间的 in 和 after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in 表示“在(一段时间)之后” ,而 after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后) ”,in 短语和将来时态连用, after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation? 注意: after 有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里) 。如:After two months he returned.4、表示地理
4、位置的 in, on, to:in 表示在某范围内,on 指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的 on 和 in:on 只表示在某物的表面上,而用 in 表示占去某物一部分。 如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ H
5、e dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的 through 和 across:through 表示从内部通过,与 in 第 2 页 共 5 页有关;across 则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与 on 有关。如: Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street. 7、in the end, at the end of, by the end of:in the end 作“最后” 、 “终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词 of;at the end of 表示“在 末梢” ,
6、“到尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“ 在结束时”, “到末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.8、between, a
7、mong:一般说来, between 表示两者之间,among 用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.9、besides, except, but, except for:besides 指“除了还有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me.;except 指 “除了,减去什么 ”,不能放在句首。如:All went out except me.;but 与 except 意思近似,表示“除了外”经常用在 no,
8、all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑问词后面。 如: I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;except for。表示美中不足的地方。如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的 in 和 with:表示工具的“用”,用 with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”,用 in。如:He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the le
9、tter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in charge of 和 in the charge of:两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于:in charge of 后接被照管的人或物,而 in the charge of 后面则跟照管的人。如:Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as
10、, like :as 作“作为” 、 “以地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you 第 3 页 共 5 页as a father.(事实是父亲) ;like 作“象一样”解。如: Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲) 。15、in front of 和 in the front of:in front of = before,是“在前面” 的意思(不在某物内) ; in the front of 则是“在前部” 的意思(在某物内) 。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard./
11、The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into:into 表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:We walked into the park.;in 通常表示位置。如: We walked in the park;in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。复习时需注意的要点1、介词一般放在名词之前,但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后
12、了。2、介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配,也就是说,在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如:a.动词+介词:laugh at, wait forb.形容词、过去分词+介词:be good at, be proud ofc 名词+介词:pay a visit to , the key to3、表示选择关系的连词,连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有 or, either.or, otherwise例如:a) You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.b) You must get up early or you w
13、ont catch the early bus.4、表示转折关系,连接的双方构成对比,意义上有转折。常用连词有 but, however, while, only例如:a) His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.b) You can watch TV, but you must finish your homework first.5、表示联合关系,联合的双方是对等的,意义上趋向一致。常用连词有:and, both.and, neither.nor, not only.but also, as well asTo s
14、tudy English well, we need both diligence and careful.第 4 页 共 5 页That horse is not only the youngest among the five, but also runs the fastest.6、表示因果关系,连接的双方,互为因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的连词有:for, so例如:It must have rained, for the ground is wet.考点 1 常见介词的活用1by 构成的常见短语有:by and by 不久,迟早 by and large 大体上by one
15、self 单独 by the way 顺便说说by far得多,最 by chance 碰巧by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助by no means 绝不,一点也不 by mistake 错误地The water in the river rose by two meters河水上涨了两米。He is an Englishman by birth他在血统上是英国人。2beyond 这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多,但它却是一个考查热点。beyond 表示 “(时间) 过了,比晚,迟于;( 位置) 在那边,超出之外;( 范围)超过,为 所不及,超出的范围” 等意思。如
16、:They arrived beyond nine oclock他们过了 9:00 才到。The book is beyond me这本书我看不懂。Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。 考点 2 介词的固定搭配-高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组:on the contrary 相反;in turn 依次;in ones opinion 根据某人的看法;off time 准时;out of reach 够不着2动词词组:remind sb of sth
17、提醒某人某事;rob sb of sth 抢劫某人第 5 页 共 5 页的;restdt from 由引起;call at 访问(某地)3形容词词组:be curious about 对好奇;be proud of 因而自豪;be popular with 受到 的欢迎4介词短语:apart from 除Pb;in addition to 除之外(还);because of 因为; instead of 代替;in fear of 为提心吊胆;for fear of 以免;in case of 防备; thanks to 由于;in the middle of 在中间;according to 根据;in front of 在前面;in return for 作为对 的回报;in charge of 负责;as a result of 作为的结果;in exchange for 与 交换等5. 某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。(1)要求接 to 的名词有:key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road 等。(2)要求接 in 的名词有:interest,satisfaction,expert 等。