1、 http:/ 语法精解:主谓一致(上)转眼间,考研英语已经进入到强化阶段,对于一些重难点的语法考生们应该开始学习、掌握。主谓一致(Subjectverb Agreement)句子成分间或词语间必须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致,一致这一语言现象在日常应用及各类英语考试中出现较多,最主要的一致关系是主谓一致。一、主谓一致的分类1.语法一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。2.意义一致,即从意义上着眼来处理主谓一致问题,也就是说有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,这时谓语动词视其意义采用复数形式,反之亦然。3.就近一致,即谓语动词的人称和数往往和最靠近
2、的词语保持一致。 考研 教育网二、主谓一致原则的具体应用(一)what 从句或其他名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式例句: All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.(选自2011年 Text 1)分析: 该句是复合句,其中,定语从句 I have to do 前省略了关系代词 that,修饰先行词 all,all that 相当于 what.译文: 我要做的是走到我的唱片架旁,或者打开电脑从 iTun
3、es 上下载更多的音乐录音。例句: He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. What little he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.(1997年第7题)分析: but 前后为一组并列句,而 What little he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate 是一个复合句,即主语从句,what little he knows abo
4、ut it 在主语从句中作主语。译文: 他声称是天文学的专家,而事实上他对该学科一窍不通。所知道的一点点也是过时的且不准确的。例句: That these seas are being overfished has been known for years.http:/ Text 3)分析: 该句是复合句,其中主语从句的主语由 That these seas are being overfished 充当。译文: 众所周知,人类在海洋里过度捕捞已经很多年了。(二)主语后跟有由特殊连词引出的词语时,其谓语动词的单复数由主语决定这样的连词有 as well as, rather than, tog
5、ether with, along with, but, except, accompanied by, in addition to, including, instead of, like, more than 等,有时这些词也可以置于句首。 。例句: The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in session again next spring. (1996年第36题)分析: 该句是复合句,本句中主句主语后接 as well
6、as,谓语动词的单复数和主语一致。译文: 明年春天再次举行的国会会议上将讨论污染及其他一些问题。例句: Johns uncle, together with his two relatives, suggests that we (should) stay here till next weekend.分析: 该句是复合句,suggest 后的宾语从句 that we (should) stay here till next weekend 用虚拟语气。译文: 约翰的叔叔还有他的两个亲戚建议我们待到下周末。例句: Together with another two scientists, he
7、 is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. (选自2008年 Use of English)分析: 该句是复合句,句子主干是 he is publishing a paper,介词短语 together with another two scientists 作状语,表示伴随, which 引导一个定语从句,修饰
8、 a paper,其中包含了 not onlybut(also)这一句型,that one groupthan the others 作 suggests 的宾语,that has brought this about 是一个修饰 the process 的定语从句。译文: 他和其他两位科学家准备一起发表一篇论文,在文章中他们不仅提出某一族群人比另一族群人更加聪明的观点,而且还解释了引起这种结果的过程。(三)主语为 a portion of(一份) , a kind of, a series of 等短语该情况中谓语动词根据形式一致原理用单数形式,但如果主语为 portions of, man
9、y http:/ of 时,谓语动词相应采用复数形式。例句: Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freights moved by major rail carriers.(选自2003年 Text 3)分析: 该句是复合句, moved by major rail carriers 在主句中作定语修饰 all the freights.译文: 明年,在一系列的合并完成以后,这四家铁路公司将占主要铁
10、路公司货运总量的90%以上。(四)there be 句型be 的单复数根据就近原则,主谓一致。 。例句: There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent. (选自1996年 Cloze Test)分析: 该句是由 and 连接的并列句,其中 and 后是一个复合句。译文: 至少有13种维生素,若缺其中一种,维生素缺乏症疾病便明显可见。例句: There are a number of bestselling downshifting selfhelp
11、books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their clingfilm to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid90s
12、 equivalent of dropping out. (选自2001年 Text 5)分析: 本句由三个分句构成,在第一个分句中,定语从句 who want to simplify their lives 修饰 people;在第二个分句中,定语从句 that give hundreds of thousands of修饰 newsletters,其中介词短语 from recycling their clingfilm to修饰 anything;在第三个分句中,定语从句 who want to修饰先行词 those.译文: 对那些想要简朴生活的人,有许多畅销的关于“顺其自然”生活方式的自助书;还有像“守财奴报”之类的通讯,给数十万美国人提供包罗万象而且实用的指导,从胶卷的再利用到自己制造肥皂;甚至还有支持小组,帮助有些人实现90年代中期逃避社会现实的理想。以上四种句型考生们应该结合考研英语真题,通过阅读理解、英汉互译反复练习直到掌握。英语语法学习虽然枯燥,但是只要你肯下功夫复习,肯定会让你的英语整体水平有质的飞跃。http:/