1、现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。现在完成时句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。现在完成时常被 just、already、yet 等副词修饰。现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。句型构成基本结构：主语+have/has+ 动词的过去分词(p.p ） （V-ed ） e.g done 肯定句中：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p ） （V-ed ）+宾语.否定句中：主语+havent/hasnt+动词的过去分词（p.p） （V
2、-ed）+宾语.一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p ） （V-ed）+宾语.特殊疑问句中：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） （1）强调动作是从过去持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。（2） 强调对现在的影响或结果，此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。两者的区别是：一般过去时有动作发生的时间点，即过去某一时间发生某一动作；现在完成时则没有，即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作，而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。（3）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。但过去分词一定要选择准确。时间状语：recently,late
3、ly,since.for.,in the past few years。etc.yet.never.ever. 次数编辑本段用法注意1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用， （如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon ）等，除非与 for,since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如 already（肯定） ，yet（否定，疑问） ，just,before,recently,still,lately,never 等： He has already obtained a scholars
4、hip. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如 often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion 等： Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pe
5、n only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用， 如 now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far 等： Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release en
6、ergy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had
7、four texts this semester. 6.现在完成时的“完成用法“ 现在完成时的“完成用法“指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。 （动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况- 灯现在不亮了。 ） 现在完成时“完成用法“的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently 等） 、频度时间状语（如：never ，ever，once 等） 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：this mornin
8、g / month /year.，today 等）连用。例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 7.现在完成时的“未完成用法“现在完成时的“未完成用法“指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 （动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。 ） I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。 （动作开始于5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续
9、下去。 ） 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由 since 或 for 引导） ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now，so far）等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：（1 ）现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become ，die 等。8.一段时间+has passed+since 从句 9. 现在完成时常和短语 “up to now /till now“,“
10、so far“ （意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。 Up to/till now hes read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别has gone to：去了没回has been to ：去过has been in：呆了很久10.不能与 when 连用11.不可以与一般过去时的定义混淆动词的过去分词的规则变化 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与
11、规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1） 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited (2） 、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ” 。 live-lived-lived, (3） 、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y“ 变为 “i“ ，再加“ ed ” 。 study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried (4） 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ” 。 stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped
12、-dropped2、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律： AAA cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 注：原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是 t 或 d。 特殊：动词 read 的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。ABA（含规则动词）：有些
13、动词的过去分词与原形是一样的: run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome ABB（含规则动词）：1.另有一些其它形式的变化。 have (has)-had-had leave-left-left lose-lost-lost make-made-made feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。 sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won shine-shone-shone
14、hold-held-held find-found-found hear-heard-heard hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged) ABC：有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加 n 或 en，变成以 en 结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-fo
15、rgotten (forgot) 特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been, do (does)-did-done go-went-gone see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)1. Have you ever been to an amusement park? have been to . have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回） have been to 表示“到(去)过某处” ，现在已不在那个地方。 如：He has been to England 他曾到
16、过英国。(现在已经不在英国了)Have you ever been to the Great Wall？ 你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上） have gone to + 地点：去了某地（未回） have gone to 表示“去了某处” ， “到某处去了” ，现在已不在说话的地点了。 如：He has gone to England。 他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)2、 ever, never, already, yet, still 1) ever 常用于否定句、疑问句中。 ever 常用于现在完成时中。 ever 用于强化比较级和最高级。 Whats
17、the best gift you have ever received? ever since：自那时起 The shop has been open ever since. forever：永远的（地）2.never：从不 -Have you ever been to an amusement park? -No, never. already ：已经（肯） - yet：已经，还（否、疑） He has already been to Beijing twice. He hasnt been to Beijing yet. -Have you been to Beijing yet? -N
18、o, not yet. still：仍然，还；常用于肯定句3、neither (1) Neither Jenny nor I own a car. (2) Leon neither drinks nor smokes. (3) My husband doesnt want to see a movie tonight, and neither do I. (4) A: Which of the dresses did you like? B: Neither of them. (5)A:I havent seen that movie.B:I havent either. ( Neither
19、have I. ) ( Me, neither ) 形容词，意为“两者都不”，置于单数名词前 Neither girl has been there before. - 两个女孩以前都没去过那。 代词，意为 “两者都不，双方均不” 。 Neither of the girls has been there before. I like neither. - 连词， 常用短语：neither . nor . 表示“ 既不 .，也不.。 ” Neither he nor I _ interested in it. (be) - _原则 I will believe neither you nor
20、_. (he) 副词，作“也不”，放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于后面的人或物， 形容词或副词提前，需用倒装句。 注意：neither 作主语时，通常被视为单数，但有复数意义。 neither. nor .；either . or .；not only ., but also .连接两个并列结构 ,句型中使用就近原则，both . and .句型中，谓语动词用复数形式。 -I dont like this dress. -Neither do I. - 我也不喜欢。(I dont like this dress, either) I havent been to an amusement
21、park. Me, neither.(对应：Me, too.) =I havent been to an amusement park, either.(not. either = neither) =Neither have I. If you cant solve it, neither can he. (He cant solve it, either.) I am not interested in it, neither is he. (He is not interested in it, either.) 练：If you dont help me, neither _ othe
22、rs. 4、neither, nor, so 引导的倒装句： 1) 句式： Neither/Nor/So + 助动词/be 动词/ 情态动词 + 主语. 表示“.也/也不”。 Neither do I. = Nor do I. -我也不。 So do I. -我也是。 So + 主语 + 助动词/be 动词/ 情态动词 . 表“确实如此” ，用于同意上文中的对方的观点。 -It is a nice day. - So it is. -它确实是个好天气。 三、综合练习 一、单项选择 1、He_ to Canada, so you cant see him recently. A have bee
23、n to B have gone to C has been to D has gone to2、I have been to America, so_ he. A did B have C has D does 3.London has ever hosted the modern Olympics Paris .A. So does B. So has C. Nor does D. Neither has 4、Neither of the two boys _ from the USA. A. come B. dont come C. comes D. doesnt come 5、I ha
24、ve not been to America, _ has he. A so B neither C and D but 6、Her grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 7、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know 8、He has _ been to Shanghai , has h
25、e ? . already .never .ever . still 9、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 10.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written11.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed well . changed good .
26、 has changed better . changed better 12.Tom_already _in this school for two years . was studying . will study . has studied . are studying 13、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . Knew 14、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice. . will see . have seen . s
27、aw .see 15、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 16、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did do finished . Have done finished . Have done have finished . will do finish17、 His father _ th
28、e Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in18、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 19、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 20.Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .
29、. has begun . had begun . has been on . began 21、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 22.My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been历年中考重现： 1I_ a letter from him since he left （天津市） Adidnt receive
30、 Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard 2 Where have you _ these days？ I have_ to Shanghai with my friends （重庆市） Abeen ；gone Bbeen ；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone3How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Wheres Peter？ He _ to Nanjing （沈阳市） Ais going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 5Yo
31、uve never seen such a wonderful film before，_ ？（河北省） Ahavent you Bhave you Cdo you Ddont you 6We have lived here _ five years ago （河南省） Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 7How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh， I _ such a beautiful city （江西省） Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 8The old
32、people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week （广州市） Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt Ddidnt feel 9My grandfather_ in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likes the town （四川) Alived Bhave lived Chas lived Dis living 10Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice （贵阳市） Ahave been
33、Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 11His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan （昆明市） Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 12Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August （海南省） Agone；went Bbeen ；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 13 His sister _ her hometown for three years Sh
34、ell return next year （合肥市） Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 二、用所给的正确形式填空 1. He _ ever _ (be) to the History Museum several times. 2. - _ you ever _ (be) to the zoo? - Yes. I _(go) there last summer. I _ (see) many kinds of animals there. 3. - Where is Mr. Wang? - He _ (go) to the l
35、ibrary. He wants to borrow some library books. 4. Rodgers _ (plant) those trees. He _ (do) it the day before yesterday. 5. We _ (learn) English for more than two years. 三、翻译下列句子。 1. 我从来没有去过游乐场。你呢？ 我也没有。 I have _ to an amusement park. _ you? _ I. 2. 以前我从来没读过这么好笑的故事。 I _ never _ a funny story like _.3. 你曾经和你的同桌争吵过吗？ _ you ever _ your desk mate?4. 你为什么想去讲英语的国家工作？ _ do you want to _ in an _ country
