1、虚拟语气精讲1.英语动词有三种语气： 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2. 定义：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中) ；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) 。3.虚拟语气的考点 1） 、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；If 条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。从句 主句与过去事实相反 Had done Should/ would/ could/ might/ + have done与现在事实相反 Were/ did Should/ would/ co
2、uld/ might/ +do与将来事实相反 Were/ did/ were to do或者 should + do Should/ would/ could/ might/ +doFor example:If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.If he studied at this school, he would know you well.If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.翻译句子：如果我知道他的电话号码，
3、我就给他打电话了注意：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.（从句指过去，主句指现在）If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.2） 、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had 等词置于句首。如：If I w
4、ere to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.=Were I to meet him tomorrow, If there should be a flood, what should we do?= a flood, what should we do?If you had （= Had you ）come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.3） 、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法，主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。 宾语从句，常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order
5、, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose五个要求：demand , require, request, desire， ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法，即从句中的动词 使用（should）+ 动词原形。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。如：We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the adv
6、ice that the chemical factory should be closed down.注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气Insist： 表“ 坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。Suggest：表“ 建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“ 表明、暗示 ” ，用陈述语气。The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （practise）The look on her face suggested that she _happy。 （be
7、）He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （be ）He insisted that he _ the wallet. ( steal) 主语从句。在句型 “It is important /necessary/strange /remarkable / advisable /natural) that ” 中，在“It is a pity / a shame / no wonder,that”中，在“It is demanded /suggested/ ordered/required.that”句型中， that 后面
8、的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 eg. It is strange that he should not come.Its natural that she should do so. 4） 、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：As if/though 和 wish 用法相同表现在: 过去时表过去: 过去完成时表将来: would, might, could动词原形 (不能用 should)I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I ha
9、d seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。现在：过去时would rather that -过去：过去完成时未来：过去时eg. I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone,
10、too. Wed rather you went there tomorrow.It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或 should动词原形，should不能省略你该走了：It s high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,这类词语常有：but for, without, otherwise,等。如：But for your advice, I could not have done it so successful
11、ly. I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.If only 引导的感叹句 (要是就好了) 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 .If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!1. If you _ him ye
12、sterday, you _ what to do now. A. asked would know B. had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would know2. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther3.You didnt let m
13、e drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt get B. had drivenwouldnt have gotC. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 4.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen
14、B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall5.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had6.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7.The volleyball match wi
15、ll be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained8.I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is9.If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lie
16、s B. lay C. had lain D. should lie10. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will11.I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer12. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A.
17、 came/could meet B. had come/would have metC. come/will meet D. had come/would meet13. It is time that you _ home and Id rather you _ again tomorrow.A. would go/would come B. went/cameC. go/are going D. are going/will come14. It is important that I _ with Mr Williams immediately.A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak15. He has just come out of the hospital.No wonder he looked as if he _ ill for a long time.A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
