1、天道酬勤！ 英语 非谓语 20101203 - 1 -非谓语动词 （动词不定式、过去分词、动名词 divided (=if we are divided), we fall.Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.(5)结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于 so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，tooto，enough to 和 only to 等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。He arrived late to find the train gone.
2、His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy。I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbours.I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.The man died young, leaving nothing but deb
3、t.(6)让步状语：通常有过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的 though。Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(7)伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.She c
4、ame running towards us. They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.He went into the house, followed by some children.He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.1、考点分析：通过对历年高考英语非谓语动词考题的归纳和比较可以看出，每年差不多有三分之二的非谓语动词考题可能涉及以下“关系”：主动与被动关系以及动作的先后关系。如果同学们在做题时能充分注意这两大“关系” ，并据此进行分组排除，然后结合其他非谓语动词
5、的相关知识，攻克非谓语动词这一难点也就变得很容易了。（一）利用主动和被动关系这里说的主动与被动关系，指的是非谓语动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是主动天道酬勤！ 英语 非谓语 20101203 - 4 -关系还是被动关系。若是主动关系，非谓语动词就用主动式；若是被动关系，非谓语动词就用被动式。下面分三类举例说明：1.涉及不定式的主动与被动式(1) I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (北京卷)A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomedC。be (feel) honored
6、 习惯接不定式，故可排除 B 和 D；又 I 与 welcome 之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。(2) The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible. (陕西卷)A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sendingA。be supposed 后习惯上不接动名词，而接不定式，其意为“应该做某事” ，故可排除 C和 D；又因为“消息”与“传达 ”之间为被动关系，故用被动式。2.涉及动名词的主动与被动式At the beginning of class,
7、 the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closed C.being opened and closed D. to open and closeC。由于 desks 与 open 和 close 的关系是被动关系，故要用被动式，可排除 D；又因为用于介词 of 后作宾语，所以要用动名词，不用不定式或过去分词，故可排除 A 和 D，故选 C。3.涉及现在分词的主动与被动式_ that she was going off to sleep,
8、I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. (北京卷)A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. SeenA。首先要排除 B 和 C，因为 B 为不定式，它用于句首时，通常是表示目的，在此不合句意；而 C 为动词原形，选它会构成祈使句，一是句意不通，二是这样会导致前后两句之间没有连词而出错。在剩下的 A 和 D 之间，只能选 seeing，不能选 seen，因为句子主语是 I与 see 之间为主动关系，而非被动关系。【注意】由于过去分词本身可以表示被动，所以过去分词不用被动式，同时它也没有被动式。请看几道相关的考题：(1)
9、 The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南卷)A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow downB。由于 trees 与 blow down 之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。blown down in the storm 在此用作定语，修饰 the trees，相当于定语从句 which were blown down in the storm。(2) To learn English well, we should find opport
10、unities to hear English _ as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speakC。由于 English 与 speak 之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。(3) We finished the run in less than half the time _. (江西卷)A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allowsC。由于 time 与 allow 之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。in the time allowed 意为“在规定的时间内” 。（二）利用动
11、作的先后关系动作的先后关系在选项中的直接体现为一般式还是完成式。一般说来，当非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，非谓语动词原则上要用完成式。1.涉及不定式的动作先后关系Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (重庆卷)A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have boughtB。
12、“be said+不定式”是一个很有用的结构，其意为“据说” 。其中的不定式是用一般式还是完成式，取决于该不定式所表示的动作是发生在谓语动作之前还是之后。根据句意可知，buy birds 肯定发生在过去，或者说发生在 is said 之前，所以其中的不定式要用完成式，选B。2.涉及动名词的动作先后关系I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. (江西卷)A.to promote B.having been promoted C.having promoted D. to be p
13、romotedB。由于动词 mention 后接动词作宾语时，习惯上要用动名词，不用不定式，故可排除 A和 D；再根据句意可知，句中的 he 与 promote 之间为被动关系，故要用被动式，同时，由于“被提拔”与“提到”之间有明显的先后关系，即“被提拔”在先， “提到”在后，故用动名词的完成被动式，即答案选 B。3.涉及现在分词的动作先后关系(1) _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (陕西卷)A. Having shown B. To be
14、 shown C. Having been shown D. To show天道酬勤！ 英语 非谓语 20101203 - 5 -C。根据句意可知， “我们” 与“带去参观”之间为被动关系，故应用非谓语动词的被动式，可排除 A 和 D；再根据句中的 then 可知，前后动作有明显的先后关系，故先发生的动作要用完成式，故选 C。(2) _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. (重庆卷)A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failedD。根据语境分析， “用电话联系 ”与“发电子邮件”
15、两个动作之间有明显的先后关系，故先发生的动作要用完成式。【注意】由于过去分词本身可以表示完成，所以过去分词不用完成式，同时它也没有完成式。请看一道相关的高考题：It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. (浙江卷)A. finding B. being found C. to find D. foundD。由于 things 与 find 之间为被动关系，故排除 A 和 C。根据句意，应是这件有趣的事先被人们发现，后才被人们谈论，但由于过去分词没有完成式，故用一般式表示完成，故选found。非谓语动词
16、考题五种常见设题陷阱陷阱一：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查省略句1. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water【析】答案选 A。unless watered 可视为 unless they are watered 之省略。又如：Unless changed. this law will make life difficult for farmers.这项法令除非进行修改，否则将给农民的生活造成困难。2. No matte
17、r how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed【析】答案选 A。No matter how frequently performed 可视为 No matter how frequently they are performed 之省略。3. I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
18、 _ good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds【析】答案选 D。Sound good 为 It sounds good 之省略。陷阱二：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是形容词的用法1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest【析】选 A。过去分词 interested 在此已转化为形容词，in
19、terested in 意为“对感趣”。2. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising【析】答案选 B。由于与形容 happy 并列，故可排除 C 和 D。又因为是用以说明主语Tony 的心情，故用 surprised，不用 surpring。陷阱三：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查某种句式1. Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this wee
20、kend?A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit【析】答案选 A。Why not为英语中常用句式，用于提出建议，其后只接动词原形，不接不定式或现在分词。注意不能选 D，但是若 D 改为 Why dont you visit 也可以选。2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming. A. forget B. forgot
21、 C. forgetting D. to forget【析】答案选 A。此处的 better 实为 youd better 之省略。根据英语习惯，had better 之后只能接动词原形，故选 A。陷阱四：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查祈使句1. Mary, _ here everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming【析】答案选 A。此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形(from )。2. What should I do with this passage? _the main ide
22、a of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out【析】答案选 C。此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形。其实，此题也可视为 You should find out之省略。陷阱五：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查并列句1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and_down 天道酬勤！ 英语 非谓语 20101203 - 6 -to eat our picnic lunch.A.
23、 sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat【析】答案选 D。由句中的 and 可知，此句为并列结构，且空格处填 sat，与其前的谓语动词 found 并列。2. _ many times, but he still didnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he was told C. To have been told D. He was told【析】选 D。句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选 A 或 C)，
24、又因为 though 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它与连接并列句的并列连词 but 不“兼容” ，所以也不能选B。3. First _ the rice by washing it, then _ it in boiling water. A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking【析】答案选 A。题干部分为两个并列的祈使句，故均用动词原形。 Work：1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_
25、 the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they
26、 will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it注：此题没有正确答案。如答案选 C，须去掉 it。5. In order to gain a bigger share in the international ma
27、rket, many state-run companies are striving_ their products more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made6. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_ if a mirror was broken.A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to str
28、ike7. Though_ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in8. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases_ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known9. _ to sunlight for too much time will do h
29、arm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed10. Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying11. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C
30、. wait D. to be waiting12. When_, the museum will he open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed13-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solvi
31、ng; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made14. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen天道酬勤！ 英语 非谓语 20101203 - 7 -15. It is said in Australia there is more land than the go
32、vernment knows_.A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it16. The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun17. The teacher asked us_ so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not ma
33、king D. not to make18. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given19. The discovery of new evidence led to_.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught20. Generally speaking, _ according to direction
34、s, the drug has no side-effect.A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken21. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_ clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued22. There is a new problem involve
35、d in the popularity of private cars_ road conditions need_.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving23. -Why did you go back to the shop?-I left my friend_ there.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits24. The manager,_ his factorys products were poor in q
36、uality, decided to give his workers further training.A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known25. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see26. Dont be discouraged. _ things as they are an
37、d you will enjoy every day of your life.A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken27. Friendship is like money: easier made than _.A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept28. _the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending29. Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invitedKeys to questions above:15.CABCA 610.DCDCB 1115.AADBC 1620.DDDCB 2125. AAAAD 2629.CADA
