1、A small step makes a big difference. 1M2 U1 Grammar 现在完成时与现在完成进行时对动词时态的考察一直都是高考热点，近年的命题总体上呈现由“能力立意”逐渐转向“情景立意”的趋势，即由考查固定句式中的时态，逐渐转向在具体的语境中考查动词的时态，突出了英语语法和情景交际互相运用的特点。在解题时，我们需要抓住题干中呈现出的“微小语境”来解题。近年的高考试题中，对现在完成时与现在完成进行时的考察主要体现为通过所给语境来构成现在完成时所需要的条件，即“表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴
2、趣的就是这个影响或结果” ，具体形式一般有两种，一种是给出与完成时态常惯用的提示词，如“for + 时间段 ”， “since + 时间” ， “over + 时间 ”等，此类题目由于提示词很明显，学生在做题时有了“潜意识” ，因为题目的正确率都较高。第二种是真正通过对话的形式，用上下文的语境提示出时态所需，这类题是同学们做题时需要特别注意的。对现在完成时态的认识：四个用法：1 继续：从过去继续到现在的动作和状态He has taught here since 1981。 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。 （可能还要继续教）2 经验：过去某时某刻到现在的经验I have been to Bei
3、jing twice. 我去过北京二次。3 完成：现在刚完成的工作I have just stopped reading. 我刚刚停止读书。(读书动作停止)4 结果：做的某事的结果I have opened the window. 我已经打开窗户了。PS：表示曾经来过用 have been比较：他已经到香港去了。He has gone to HongKong.他曾去过香港。He has been to HongKong.现在完成进行时构成:have/has + been + 现在分词用法主要体现在动作未结束,其持续的过程现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别下面一句话同时用到现在完成时和现在完成进行
4、时.即前者表示持续“打扫“ 状态，后者表示没完成“打扫“ 这个结果 .Ive been cleaning the house but I still havent finished.也就是说区别在于：现在完成进行时表示动作未结束,持续的过程.而现在完成时相对强调动作的结果或成就a. My hands are very dirty. Ive been painting the house.b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now its green.句 a 中 painting 动作一直在持续，活动还没有结束引
5、发的状态是我的手很脏.句 b 中 painted 动作已经结束，动作导致的结果是房间现在是绿色的了。可能有人会问那现在完成也表示过去继续到现在,且仍未完成.也属于持续状态.我认为现在完成时和现在完成进行时都有继续这个用法，但是区别在于现在完成进行时A small step makes a big difference. 2具有感情色彩强调长久的意思.We have been living here for nearly 20 years.强调住的时间长而如果用现在完成时就是陈述一下事实其实语法有些是相通的，没有什么明显的界限明显的界限就是完成时表示结束，完成进行表示持续I have been
6、drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.()翻译上句：我下午一直喝杯咖啡不和语意所以现在完成进行时不能表示喝咖啡的次数，而只能用完成时，表示喝完杯咖啡这个事实近三年高考真题赏析1. Look! Somebody _ the sofa. 【2012 江西卷】 Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. Ais cleaning Bwas cleaning Chas cleaned Dhad cleaned2. I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you
7、 play the piano for me? 【2012 湖南卷】 Sorry, I _ the piano for years. A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played3. Alvin, are you coming with us? 【2012 浙江卷】 Id love to, but something unexpected _. A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up4. The manager _ the wo
8、rkers how to improve the program since 9 am. 【2012 全国II】A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told5. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. 【2011 全国卷】A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain6. Tom in the library every night over the last t
9、hree months. 【2011 北京卷】A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working7. In the last few years thousands of films all over the world. 【2011 天津卷】A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced8. Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this
10、 year. 【2011上海春招】A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studyingA small step makes a big difference. 39. I didnt ask for the name list. Why _ on my desk? 【2011 安徽卷】 I put it there just now in case you needed it.A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed10. It is
11、the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. 【2011湖南卷】A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended11. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely. 【2010 全国】A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive12. Every year a flood of farm
12、ers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _before leaving their hometowns. 【2010 福建】A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised13. Weve spent too much money recently. Well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time 【2010安徽】A. are coming B.
13、had come C. were coming D. have been coming14. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. 【2010湖南】A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping15. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father. 【2010 江西】A shoulders B
14、shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering16. Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. 【2010 山东】A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved17. We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. 【2010 天津】A. are working B. have been working C. work
15、ed D. had worked18. When shall we restart our business?A small step makes a big difference. 4 Not until we _ our plan. 【2010 四川】A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished19. why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. 【2010 江苏】A. was p
16、ainting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting20. I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately. 【2010 陕西】A. have been coughing B. had coughedC. coughed D. cough21. Joseph _to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?” in Russian. 【2010 辽宁】A. ha
17、s been going B. went C. goes D. has gone22. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. 【2010 北京】A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made23. Why do you want to work for our company
18、? This is the job that I _ for. 【2010 重庆】A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking24. For many years, people _electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. 【2010 浙江】A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of1-5. CCACA 6-10. CBDBD 11-15. BDDDD 16-20. DBDDA 21-24. ADDB
