1、级别:专业试用2008-03-20 22:42:09来自:安徽省滁州市with 结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with 结构的构成 它是由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词 with或 without 的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With 结构构成方式如下:
2、1. with 或 without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with 或 without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with 或 without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with 或 without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with 或 without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例: 1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、Th
3、e master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(w
4、ithout+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with 结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重 要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with 结构的构成 它是由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词 with或 without 的复合宾语,复合宾语中
5、第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二 部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With 结构构成方式如下:1. with 或 without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with 或 without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with 或 without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with 或 without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with 或 without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例: 1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(wit
6、h+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was
7、 kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语) 二、with 结构的用法 在句子中 with 结构多数充当状语,表示行
8、为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 With 结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、 with 结构的特点 1. with
9、结构由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. (The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.
10、 (Her hair was gone.) 2. 在 with 结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、 几点说明: 1. with 结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若 with 结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。 2. with 结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别: 在 with 结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主
11、动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。 例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路) He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3. with 结构与一般的 with 短语的区别: with 结构具有上述功能和特点,而“介词 wit
12、h+名词或代词(组)“组成的一般的 with 短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的 with 短语中,with 后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。 4. with 结构与独立主格结构的关系: with 结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with 结构由介词 with 或 without 引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有 with 或 without 引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with 结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结
13、构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而 with 结构则不能。 独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而 with 结构较口语化,较常用。例如: There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+复合宾语“结构,在句中作定语) A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语) The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his
14、 hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语) Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语) 二、with 结构的用法 在句子中 with 结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 With 结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 1.I like eating
15、 the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、 with 结构的特点 1. with 结构由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,
16、却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. (The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. (Her hair was gone.) 2. 在 with 结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He c
17、ould not finish it without me to help him. 四、 几点说明: 1. with 结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若 with 结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。 2. with 结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别: 在 with 结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。 例如: With the b
18、oy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路) He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3. with 结构与一般的 with 短语的区别: with 结构具有上述功能和特点,而“介词 with+名词或代词(组)“组成的一般的 with 短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间
19、、伴随和条件。在一般的 with 短语中,with 后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。 4. with 结构与独立主格结构的关系: with 结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with 结构由介词 with 或 without 引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有 with 或 without 引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with 结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而 with 结构则不能。 独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而 with 结构
20、较口语化,较常用。例如: There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+复合宾语“结构,在句中作定语) A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语) The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语) Then last night,I followe
21、d him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) 揪错 评论 举报提问者对答案的评价: 谢谢其他回答 回答:冬凌草级别:一级教员2008-03-21 11:58:38来自:河南省with 用法小结一、with 表拥有某物Mary married a man with a lot of money .马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。I often dream of a big house with a nice garden .我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。The old man lived with a
22、 little dog on the lonely island .这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with 表用某种工具或手段I cut the apple with a sharp knife .我用一把锋利的刀削平果。Tom drew the picture with a pencil .汤母用铅笔画画。三、with 表人与人之间的协同关系make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sbstruggle with sbfight with sbplay with sbwork with sbcooperate with sbI hav
23、e been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him .自从我们一起工作以来,我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了,我们从没有吵过架。四、with 表原因或理由John was in bed with high fever .约翰因发烧卧床。He jumped up with joy .他因高兴跳起来。Father is often excited with wine .父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。五、with 表“带来”,或“带有,具有”,在身上,在
24、身边之意The girl with golden hair looks beautiful .那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。The famous director will come to the meeting with the leading actor and actress. 那个有名的导演将带着男女主角来到会场。A storm with a hurricane has come onto its way .带有飓风的风暴要来了。Do you have money with you .身上带着钱吗? Take the umbrella with you in case it rains
25、.随身带伞,以防下雨。六、with 表想法,信念,态度与一致I agree with you on how to deal with it .关于此事如何处理,我同意你的看法。I believe with the headmaster that a good teacher should not only teach a student what to learn but also how to learn it .我相信校长所说,一个好老师不但教学生学什么,而且应教学生怎么去学。七、with 表示让步,“虽有,尽管”With all his money and fame, he is not
26、 happy .有着钱和名誉,他还是不快乐。With good teachers and warmhearted classmates ,the new comer feels lonely .虽有着好老师和热心的同学,这个新来的还是感觉孤独。八、with 表同时,或同一方向,“随着”The temperature of cold-blooded animals change with the temperature of the surroundings .冷血动物的体温随着周围的环境的改变而变化。The big ship is sailing with the wind .这个大船正随风向
27、航行。And with the last words , she turned away.随着最后一句话说完,他转身离开了。九、with 的复合结构表行为方式或伴随情况1、 with + n/pron + adj.He left the room with the door open .门开着,他就离开了屋子。Dont talk with your mouse full .嘴里满是东西时不要说话。2、with + n/pron + adv.With the radio on ,grandma slept deeply in the chair .收音机开者,奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着。With T
28、om away , I always feel lonely .汤母不在,我一直感觉孤独。3、with + n/pron + doneThe fellow stood there with his hands crossed .这个家伙两手交叉,站在那里。The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in .庄稼都收割了,农民们有了一个好收成。4、with + n/pron + to doWith this book to help you , you can finish your work as soon as possib
29、le .有这本书来帮忙,你能尽快完成工作。With so many problems to settle ,the new manager was too worried to eat anything .有着太多问题要去处理,新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。5、with + n/pron + nThe old man looks down upon everyone ,with his son chairman of the company .因为他儿子是公司的主席,这个老头瞧不起任何人。He was taken to hospital with his legs a mass of bleed
30、ing flesh .他被抬到医院,他的腿血肉模糊。6、with + n/pron + 介词短语The man left the meeting with a book in his hand .这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy .那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。十、with 其他用法主要出现在一些常用词和习语中,记住其特定含义即可。It is a long time not to get in touch with Tom.很长时间没有和汤母取得联系了。Down with imperialism.打倒帝国主义。