1、1高考英语语法复习-主谓一致（一）主谓一致的种类1语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle 等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单
2、的单词有 news 和一些以 ics 结尾的学科名称，如 physics，politics, economics 等。3就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词 or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用1名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如 family, team 等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语
3、动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party ，public ，team 等。名词 population 一词的使用情况类似。 “a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。2）某些集体名词，如 people, police, cattle 等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数
4、。 如：The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the bakers, the barbers, the carpenters, the Zhan
5、gs 等。表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell. 5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代词 each, every, no 所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.
6、 27）如果主语有 more than one或 many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, com
7、passes, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语 this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语) （这一类人），但 this kind of men 的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind 和 t
8、hese kind of men 的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese 等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于 1980 年。)The（These
9、）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有 a, such a , this, that 修饰时，谓语用单数；有 all, such, these, those 修饰时，谓语用复数，但 means, no means, the means 等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。11）如果名词词组中心词是 all，most, half, rest 等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates like music.All of the wate
10、r is gone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.2由连接词连接的名词作主语1） 用 and 或 bothand 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.The
11、girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）当主语后面跟有 as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, inc
12、luding, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）以 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.33代词作主语1）名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这
13、取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown. 2）such, the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is our plan. Such are his words. 3）关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of
14、 the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 4）疑问代词 who, what, which 作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 5）不定代词 any, either, neither, none, all some, more 等作主语时，有以下两种情况：单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数或复数形式
15、，例如：Now all has been changed. All are present. either, neither 单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。但后接 of 时，若 of 的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若 of 的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：Do(es) any of you know his address ?None of them has(have)seen the film.4分数、量词作主语1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由 “a lot of, lots of plenty of, a
16、large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是，“the
17、 number of +名词”的中心词却是number, 试比较：A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.短语 in quantity, in large quantities 意为“大量”；in small quantities 意为“少量”。2）a great dea
18、l of , a large amount of 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数， 例如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示数量的 one and a half 后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is
19、left on the table.4）half of, (a) part of 修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。5名词化的形容词作主语4如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等；但也有少数的
20、过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词 man, person 或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier6从句作主语1）由 what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doc
21、tors.2）在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词 who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是 one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是当 one 之前有 the only 等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是 one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.（三）主谓一致精辟总结1.由
22、many a 或 more than + 单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall . More than one student has visited the exhibition . 2.“的几分之几”和“的百分之几”作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea . 40 percent of the students in our class are girls 3.“a number of + 名词复
23、数”作主语，谓语用复数；“the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。A number of pupils like reading picture-books . The number of the students in our class is 55 . 4 并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers . 5.成对的名词，如 bread
24、and butter 涂黄油的面包，soda and water 汽水，coffee and milk 加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end 目的，salt and water 盐开水等，虽然有 and 连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。A knife and fork is on the table . Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.6.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有 each , every 或 no 修饰时，其谓语用单数形式。No student and no teacher is invited to the
25、party . In our country every boy and every girl has right to receive education . 7.主语是单数，其后跟有 together with , along with(与一道)，as well as (和；也)，no less than(和 一样 )，rather than(而不)，以及 with , not , like , but , except , besides , including 等引起的短语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。He as well as his sister is a League member
26、 . 8.在定语从句中主语是关系代词 who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。I , who am your teacher , will teach you everything I know . 59.主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如 clothes , trousers , glasses , compasses , scissors , shoes , socks , gloves 等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有 a pair of 修饰时，谓语用单数。My trousers are being washed now . The pa
27、ir of glasses is mine. 10.表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。Ten dollars is not enough . Three months has passed since he left . 11.means , sheep, deer 等单复数同形应视具体情况而定。All possible means have been tried .Every possible means has been tried. Milu deer like wet and cool weather. 12.主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国
28、名等的复数名词，谓语一般用单数形式。The United States is a developed country .13.主语是 family , team , group , crowd , class , enemy, committee 等集体名词时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式，如指的里面得成员时，谓语用复数。My family is a big one.His family are all music lovers . 14.“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有 the (only) , the very 等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。S
29、he is the only one of these women who plays the violin . She is one of these women who play the violin.15.主语是疑问代词 who , what , which , 不定代词 all , more , most , any , none 等以及名词 half , part , the rest 等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。Half of the visitors are from Europe . Half of the fruit is bad . 16. the
30、 + 形容词或分词作主语时指一类人。其谓语用复数。The rich are not always happy . The injured were taken to hospital immediately.17.由 not only but also , neithernor, either or , not but 以及 or 连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语在数上保持一致。Not only your fathers friends but also your father likes smoking .18.在倒装句中以及在 There be 结构中，如主语是并列的，谓语动词往往
31、和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。There is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk . On the wall hang two large maps. 19.主语 people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族”解时，有单复数之分。The Chinese people is a great one .There are 56 peoples in China . 20.主语是“each of ”， “neither of ”， “either of ”， “one of ”等时，其谓语用单数。Each of the
32、m has his own duty .They each have their own duties. 21.动名词或动词不定式作主语，其谓语用单数形式。When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet . 22.police , cattle, people 等集合名词作主语时，谓语用复数。The murderer has run away . The police are searching for him . 23.算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数，其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。Five times four is twenty . 5 multiplied by 6 is 30.
