1、 主谓一致一、 语法一致原则1. and和both-and-连接两个主语时，谓语用复数。例：Both Lucy and Lily _students.2. 不定代词either/neither/ each one等 和复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数。例：Each boy has a new book. There _ something wrong with your bike.3.由each, every, every +.and every +或each+and each +作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every man and every woman _(be) busy at wo
2、rking.4. 主语后接有with, along with, together with, as well as, more than, besides, except, but连接另一个主语时，谓语动词与最前面的主语保持一致。例：Mr Green with his wife _coming to Beijing.No one but I_(know) the thing.All except Harry _ (have) passed the driving test. 5.“a number of+名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；”the number of+名词复数”作主语时
3、，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of trees _(be) cut down.The number of students in our class _(be) 32.6. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants ，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair, suit, piece ）在单复数上保持一致。A pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.Two pieces
4、of paper _(be ) on the desk .7. 以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths, physics, news ）谓语用单数。Maths_(be) my favorite subject.8“the +形容词（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。The young _(like) listening to popular songs .9“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。The Greens _(be)having lunch now.二、 意义一致原则1. 由and连接的
5、两个名词作主语。如果是指同一概念，则谓语动词用单数。The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.2,英语的集体名词（family, public, group, team, class等词），指代 “整体 ”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family _(be) very poor when I was a little girl My family _(be) all looking forward for your coming. 3.people, police, cattle等集合名词作主
6、语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：the police_(be) helping a girl find her mother.4 由“what” 引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。What I want to say _(be) just “ Take care!”.5 “+ (of) +名词” 作主语时，若 “of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton _have) been sent to America.80%Half of the app
7、les _(be) red.三、 就近原则1. 由并列结构或连词（eitheror， neithernor，not but， not onlybut also， or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。Neither his parents nor Tom_(be) at home. 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There _(come) the bus. 倒装句1. 当句首为副词here ，there 且主语为名词时，应用完全倒
8、装。Here comes the bus !. There goes the bell. !2. only 修饰时间、地点、方式等状语时，应用部分倒装。Only in this way can we solve the problem.Only when you told me did I know her name.注意 ：如果 only 修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时，肯定倒装用“ so + 助动词情态动词 + 后者”，前句事否定，而后面的人也不怎么样时用“ neither / nor
9、 + 助动词 / 情态动词 + sb”。He can speak English，so can I.If she doesnt go there tomorrow，neither / nor will I.注意1）“ so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 表示前者的主语和后者的主语的情况一样，所谈到的是两个人，意为“也是这样”；2）“ so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词”表示前者和后者所指同一人时，说话者表示同意前者的观点，意为“的确如此”。 Li Lei likes sports. So he does and so do I. 4. 由 not only but also 引起
10、的并列句，若将 not only 置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装， but also 引导的分句不倒装。Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.5.“ no matter +疑问词+从句” 或 “疑问词+ever+从句” 注 ：从句应用陈述句语序，时态用一般现在时。However hard the problem is，I must work it out.随堂练习1 The teacher and singer _to visit our school.A is coming B are coming
11、 C have come D coming2 Tom with other boys _ to go and _a game.A want ; watch B wants ; watches C wants ; watch D want ; to watch3 Neither you nor I _ a student .A is B are C am D were4 Both of my parents _ teachers.A is B are C am D was 5 The number of people invited _ fifty ,but a number of them _
12、 absent for different reasons.A were; was B was; was C was; were D were; were 6 One of the women _ from America.A is B are C has D being 7 I liked to play basketball when I was young._A So he was B So was he C So did he D So he did8 -Hi, Mary . Were going to help Grandma Li with her housework this S
13、aturday afternoon.- _.A So am I B So I am C So will I D So I will 9 _ Tom _Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.A Neithe; nor B Not only; but also C Both ; and D Either; or 11 _ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _
14、teachers.A A number of ; women B A number of ; woman C The number of ; women D The number of ; woman 12 Good news! There _ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. A are B is C was D were 13 There _ a few students in the library after school every day.A has been B have been C is D are 14 Fath
15、er ,you promised!-Well , _ but it was you who did not keep your word first.A so was I B so did I C so I was D so I did 15 -I will never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!- _.A Nor am I B Neither will I C Same with me D So do I 16 Some water _ in the bottle.A are B is C be D am 17 M
16、ore than one student _ever been to Beijing.A has B have C had D having 18 Many a student _been to Shanghai.A has B have C had D having 20 How to do it _still a problem.A is B are C am D be 21 I am not watching TV,_is Jim.A also B either C neither D too 22 This pair of shoes _ nice on you .A look B l
17、ooks C is look D looking 23 Both of the students _ from England.A am B is C are D be 24 Physics _ easy for us to learn .A am B is C are D be 25 The people in Shenyang _ very friendly.A am B is C are D be 26 Five minus four _ one.A are B be C is D am 27 Every man and every woman _ at work.A be B are
18、C is D am28 Mike , like his brother, _playing footall. A is enjoying B enjoy D enjoys 30 Every year a number of tourists _attracted to the beach .The number of tourists _about 50,000.A are; are B have ;is C are ;is D have ; are 31 On the wall _ some famous paintings.A am B is C are D be 32 A new typ
19、e of machine _ on sale now.A are B am C is D be 33 Not you but I _ to answer for it.A are B am C is D be 34 Bread and butter _ their daily food.A is B are C be D am 35 Much of what you said _ true. A is B am C are D be 36 Have you got some water to drink?Here you are. There _still some in the bottle
20、.A are B were C is D was 37 Either he or I _from Canada. We are from Australia.A is B are C am D be 39 The whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now.A is all B all is C all are D are all 40 The population of the world _ still_ now.A has; grown B will ; grow C is ; growing D is ; grown41. The d
21、octor and the writer _ from AmericaAis B are Cam Dw ere42. Three hundred dollars a month _ not enough to live onAare Bis Chas Dhave 43. Either Li Lei or Jim _ going to carry water for Grandma tomorrowAwas Bwere Cis Dare44. Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyesAare Bwas Cis Dare45. To help animals _
22、 helping peopleAis B are Cwas Dwere46. The shoes _ mine， This pair of shoes _ my brothers.Aare， is Bis， are Care ，are Dare，am47. The police _ looking for the lost boyAis B are Cbe Dwill be48. Someone _ knocking at the door nowAis B are Cwas Dwere49. The blind _ help.Aneeding Bneeds Cdoes need D need
23、50. None of them _ of any use to meA，is B were Cwas Dbeing51. All I can say _ that she has been always good to meA. is Bare Cwere Dhe53. Either of the answers _ right Aare Bwere C is D work54. He as well as his classmates _ physicsAlike Blikes Chave liked Dliked55. The old _taken good care of in our countryAis B has Care Dhave
