1、学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 141高考英语语法分类归纳、练习与分析（精华版）一 Tenses and voices A. 现在完成时: 1)表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。往往含有“已经”, “已经了”的意思。Eg.Dont think any more about it. I have decided not to help you. I have experienced that before, so I know how to deal with it. 2) 到目前为止已发生的。与 so far, up til
2、l now, in the past/ last .days/ years, today, this month/ year 等 “包括现在在内的时间状语”连用。My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far. Great changes have taken place in this area in the recent years.3）表示过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在。与 for/ since 连用。He has worked in the south for ten years/ since ten ye
3、ars ago. Compare(1):完成进行时表示过去开始的动作一直在进行，直至现在。He has been working on this project since last month. (2) 过去时态:指发生在过去某段时间内的事。He once worked in the south for ten years (现在不在南方 )(3) 过去完成时态:指发生在过去某个时间以前的动作或状态。常与 by/ by the end of(到了的时候”连用。例如：1）By the time we got to the theatre, they had sold all the ticke
4、ts.2） How many words had you leaned by the end of last year? Practice:1.It is reported that the president once_ in the Viet Nams war for three years from 1966-1970. A. served B. had served C. has served D. was serving2. -No one answered when I called at 6 yesterday.-I _ to rock music and was absorbe
5、d in it. A listened B was listening C. has listened D. had listened3.I wasnt paying attention to what he was talking about, so I am afraid I _ his speech very well. A. had not understood B. has not understood C. did not understand D. dont understand4. I _ good at table tennis, but I havent played it
6、 for ages.A. am B. was C. has been D. used to be5. I _ where she gets her money all these days.A. am often wondering B. often wondered C. had often wondered Dhave often wondered6. -Tell me what _ while I was absent.-A thief tried to break into the house when I _ in your house. A. happened/ stayed B.
7、 was happening/ was stayingC. happened/ was staying D. was happening/ stayed7. -You are always watching TV. -Only on Sundays. And nobody _ it but you. A. knows B. has known C. knew D. is knowing8. When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.Astarted ;had alread
8、y hiddenBhad started ;had already hidden学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 142Chad started ;was hiding Dwas starting; hid9. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing10. It _ for weeks before the first cold
9、wave struck the area. A. rained B. was raining C. has rained D. had been rainingKeys:1)a 2)b. 3)c 4)a 5) 过去到现在 d 6) c 7)a(经常性) 8)a 9) b 与现在有联系 10)d 二、 Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气)1.It is important that he _ the college entrance examination.A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend8.
10、Dont come this morning. I would rather you_ the day after tomorrow.A. come B. came C.are to come D. will come3._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.A.If it is not B.Were it not C. had it not been D. If they were not4.-Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei?-_
11、I had come here earlier!A.But for B.If not C. For fear D. If only5.Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.A.is B.will be C. would have been D.would be（分析：1.A 虚拟语气的一种，句式 It is necessary/strange/important that should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是
12、 该多好啊 5.D）三、 非谓语：（to do/ doing / done） (By Yuan)1.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作状语的区别：To do（ to be done）：作目的状语，结果状语（特定句型）Doing（being done, having done ）/done： 作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。1) complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the night. 2) The spy broke into the bank, only find
13、two policemen waiting for him with a gun.3) He hurried back home, leave piles of work unfinished. 4) Defeat time and again, he still didnt lose heart. (分析：1)To/ In order to complete 目的 2）only to find 后接 to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果 3)leaving 结果 4) Defeated 让步）2.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作定语的区别：To do（
14、to be done）：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型doing ：（being done）：表示正在进行和经常性的动作done ：被动, 完成的动作和经常性的动作学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 1431） The commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn. 2） Who were the first people reach American continent.3） People live in this area feed on rice. 4） Areas strike by a hurricane a
15、re usually in a mess before things return to normal.(分析：1)to attack 未完成 2）to reach 特定句型 first/ second 等序数词之后 3)living 主动经常性 4) struck/ stricken 被动、经常性）3.To doto be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。1) At the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in a fortnight time. 2)
16、 The novel is reported translate into German already. 3) He wished praise at the meeting held the day before.4) I am glad_(meet) you. I hope to see you soon.(分析：1)to be held 2) to have been translated 3) to have been praised 4) to have met )4.doing / being done / having done 与 donedoing ：主动、进行或经常性的动
17、作、状态 being done：被动、进行或经常性having done：主动，完成于主动词之前done：被动，完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态1） When heat , ice will turn into water.2）While wander in the street, he came across an old friend of his.3)The manager spoke at the conference, _express his satisfaction with the project.4)_wipe the table, the waitress asked th
18、e couple to be seated.5)_raise geese for years, he became an expert at keeping geese.6)The book _ publish last month is on grammar.7)The project _ carry out these days is to be completed by the end of this year.(分析: 1) heated 2) wandering 3) expressing 4) Having wiped 5) Having raised 6)published 7)
19、 being carried out )5. 下列动词后只能接动名词(-ing)：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。Practice (By Li closed B.Sat; closing C. Seating; closed D. sitting; close20. _ made the student _ inter
20、est in his study.A. Being punished; to lose B. Punished; lose C. Being punished; lose D. having been punished; lose21.What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 145A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not b
21、een allowed22.All the managers agreed that the matter required _.A. to look into B. being looked into C. to be looked into D. looking into23 I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame.24 She had no choice but _ to the
22、end.A. fight B. to fight C. fighting D. fought25 Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinion, for we need factual knowledge _ our thinking.A.which to be based on B. on which to base C. which to base upon D. to which to be based(keys: 1.A 2.A 动词不定式的否定 not to do 3.B hang“挂” 表状态时用主动4.C 5.BOnly
23、to do 表令人失望的结果 6.B(expect sth of sb 期待某人eg. Dont expect too mach of her(不要对她期望过高) 7.A 8.A 9. A 动词不定式的省略 10 C regret doing 后悔做过. regret to do 对将做的事表示遗憾. 11.Bsmelling 做定语 12.D 13.Ccant help doing/being done 情不自禁做14.C get done = be done 16.Cdoing 表结果 17.C 18.A 注意 but 应连接句子 19.A 20Cdoing 的被动 being done
24、做主语 done 不能做主语 21.B 22.D require/need/want doing=require/need to be done 23.A.句式 sb/sth is to blame(主动表被动 ) 24.B25.B 介词+which +to do(做定语)，相当于一个定语从句which we base our thinking on四、 Model Verbs: 情 态 动 词 (By Wang Ping)一 .表 示 许 可 ： 有 may, might, can, could。 其 中 might. could 则 语 气 较委 婉 ， 但 回 答 由 他 们 引 起 的
25、 问 句 时 ， 则 不 用 might, could 而 用 can。 1) May Might Can Could I keep the book for a few days? Yes, you can.否 定 形 式 可 用 may not, can not 或 must not， 不 用 might not。2)Visitors may not (或 can not/mustnt) touch the button.二 、 表 示 能 力 ： can; be able to. be able to 用 于 各 种 时 态 。 在 一 般 过 去时 中 ， 若 指 “能 够 并 且 通
26、 过 某 种 努 力 完 成 某 桩 事 ”， 我 们 必 须 用 be able to。1) Cats can are able to climb trees very quickly. 2) A big fire broke out last night, but everyone was able to escape from the house.三 、 表 示 “责 任 和 义 务 ”的 情 态 动 词 有 must(主 观 ),have to(客 观 ), mustnt 表 示 “不 可 以 、 不 允 许 ”， 而 have to 否 定 形 式 ： not have to/ ne
27、ednt。1) As there was no bus, we had to walk back home. (客 观 条 件 )2) You mustnt shout like that to your parents. （ 不 可 以 、 不允 许 ）3) You dont have to neednt work if you dont feel well. 四 、 用 于 推 测 ： must, may, might, can, could . 但 疑 问 句 中 只 能 用 can, 学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 146could. 1) He looks pale.
28、 He_ be ill. 2) -Who _it be? It _(not) be Mr. Smith, for he has just left for Paris.-It _be Mr. Brown, for he has something to discuss with me. 3) He said he didnt feel very well. He _(not) come to the meeting this evening.(1.must 2. can, cant, must 3. maymight not) 注 意 : 表推测时 must, should (ought to
29、) , may, could , might 可能性依次递减。s hould, ought to “应 该 ”较 多 地 用 于 预 测 将 来 的 事 。 can 表 示理 论 上 的 可 能 性 ， 用 于 泛 指 .may, could, might 表 示 事 实 上 的 可 能 性 ， 用于 特 指 具 体 的 ， 可 能 将 要 发 生 的 事 。1) He should be back by now. 他 现 在 该 回 来 了 。2) The teacher has explained it several times. There ought to be no problem
30、 for them.4) A dog can be dangerous to you 狗 可 能 给 人 带 来 危 险 。 （ 有 这种 可 能 性 ）This dog is very clever. It may (或 might/could) help you find your key.这 条 狗 非 常 聪 明 ， 他 可 能 会 帮 助 你 找 到 钥 匙 。 指 具 体 的 事 有 可 能 发 生 。五 、 shall 的 用 法 ：1 用 于 第 一 、 三 人 称 ， 表 示 征 求 意 见 或 请 求 指 示 .2 用 于 第 二 、 三 人 称 ， 表 示 意 志 、 允
31、 诺 、 命 令 、 威 胁 、 警 告 等 。 在 法 律 、条 约 、 协 定 等 文 件 中 ， 表 示 义 务 、 规 定 等 。如 ： 1) Shall he go with you? (请 求 指 示 )2) You shall have a lot of money.= I shall give you a lot of money.(允 诺 )3) Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. (规 定 )六 “情 态 动 词 +动 词 完 成 式 ” 1. must may / might +
32、 have done， 对 已 发 生 行 为 的 推 测 。 2.“ should + have done” “ ought to + have done”表 示 本 来 该 做 某事 却 未 做 ， 否 定 式 “shouldnt + have done” “ oughtnt to + have done”本 来 不 该 做 而 做 了 的 事 。3 “ neednt + have done”做 了 本 来 不 必 做 的 事 ， “本 来 不 必 ”。2) He looks happy. He _ (not know) this bad news.3) Where is my pen ?
33、 I _ (lose) it.4) He was late for work. He_ ( not catch) the first bus. 5) I didnt see her in the meeting room. She_(not speak) at the meeting.6) She is two hours late. What_(happen) to her?7) The plant is dead . I _(water) it from time to time.8) Tom_ (not give away) the secret, but he meant no har
34、m . 学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 1479) It was a five-minute walk from our school. You _ (not come) by taxi.(Keys: 2.cant have known 3.maymight have lost 4. might not have caught 5. cant /couldnt have spoken 6. couldcan have happened 7.should have watered 8. shoulnt have given away 9.neednt have come) 注 意
35、 : could/might have done:表 示 过 去 有 可 能 发 生 ， 但 实 际 没 有 发生 .1) You were crazy to climb up that tree. You could have killed yourself.2) You might have made more progress, but you didnt work hard.七 、 must, can, may 动 词 的 进 行 式 ， 表 示 对 进 行 中 的 事 进 行 推 测 。 例 如 ：1） They must be waiting anxiously now. 他 们
36、此 刻 一 定 在 焦 急 地等 待 着 。2） Can they be working in the field now? 他 们 现 在 可 能 在 地 里 劳 动吗 ？八 情 态 动 词 的 反 意 疑 问 句 :1) He must be tired now, _?2) He must have been tired last night after a days work, _?3) He must have been to Hong Kong,_? keys: 1. isnt he 2. wasnt he 3. hasnt he Practice:1. Sorry, Im late
37、. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will2. - He didnt pass his English exam.- So he _ a good time during the Spring outing yesterday.A. cant have B. shouldnt have C. mustnt have had D. couldnt have had3. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here a
38、t any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can 4. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would5. The boy must be in the classroom, _ he?A. mustnt B. doesnt C. hasnt D. isnt6. - Could I borrow your dictionary?- Yes, of course you _. A. might
39、 B. will C. can D. could7. We wonder why Jim Green _ say such things. A. dared not to B. doesnt dare to C. dares not to D. not dares8. I talked a long time, and in the end I _ make him believe me.A. could B. was able to C. may D. mightKeys: ADCC(should 表惊讶) DCBB学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 148五、含有状语从句、名词
40、性从句和定语从句的复合句 (by Ms Jiang _, I still want to go.(However)What the young man said sounds strange, and yet it is true.用 before, when, while, after 填空1.You must strike _ the iron is hot.2.Since _ have you been working here?3.Mary was having dinner _ I saw her.4.I will look after your pet _ you are away
41、.5.Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing.6.It wont be long _ I come back.8.She had gone away _ I said goodbye to him.(1.while 2.when 3.when 4. while 5. before 6.before 8. before)归纳：几个词在表示时间时，when 既可以表示瞬间动作，也可以和延续性动词连用；while 则强调动作的延续，翻译成“ 在过程中”；before 指“在之前”，有较灵活译法，或翻译成“没来得及
42、 就”. 定语从句 掌握定语从句的关键：弄清关系词在定语从句中的语法功能1 When, why, where 为关系副词，在定语从句中状语。2 Who, who, that, which 为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1）Well never forget the date _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.2）October 1st 1949 is the date_ well never forget. 3）Did he tell you the reason _ he didnt come to your birthda
43、y party?学而思教育学习改变命运 思考成就未来！ 高考网 1494）Now we understand the reason _ he tried to explain to us last time.5）This is the room _ Chairman Mao once lived.5） This is the museum _ we paid a visit to ten years ago.The keys:1) when 2) which/that 3) why 4) that/which 5) where 6) which/that名词性从句1 考查 it 作形式宾语的句
44、型I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them( A .it 代替后面的由 when 引起的宾语从句)2 名词性从句和让步状语从句的区别Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D no matter who(Key: C. “whoever shares her interests” 作 of 的宾语从句，Whomever 不作主语，而 n
45、o matter who 只引导让步状语从句。)1) Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late.A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever 2) He wont be accepted _ he works. (不管有多努力）( 1).C 2) no matter how/however ) 3 what, that 在名词性从句中的区别： that 在名词性从句中不作成分， 而what 作成分。1)A modern
46、city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.2)_fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences form one aspect.key: 1) what. what was a wasteland ten years ago 作 in 的宾语从句, what作从句的主语； 2) That. 句中”fashion differs from country to country”已独立成句，不再需要其他句子成分，故用 That。1）After _ seemed half an hour, the teacher gave us the correct answer.2）_ we cant get seems better than _
