1、1高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句 、同位语从句 、强调句1. 定语从句1.1 三步思考：（1）找出先行词；（2 ）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语） ；（3 ）选择合适的关联词。1.2 何时用 that ？何时用 which？1.2.1 只能用 that 的 3 种情况：（1 ）先行词被序数词最高级，以及 the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰过.（2 ）先行词为 all 、everything、nothing 等不定代词.（3 ）先行词同时是人和物并列时.e.g. Later my father and Mr.Crosset talk
2、ed of things and persons that they remembered in school.1.2.2 只能用 which 的情况：（1 ）介宾短语（2 ）指代前面的一件事 e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.1.3 关系代词 as（正如）1.3.1 as 在定语从句中作主语e.g. As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.We have found such material as is used
3、in their factory. (非同一块材料)We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料 )1.3.2 as 在定语从句中作宾语e.g. She is remarkable, as I have told you .She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件)She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)21.3.3 as 在定语从句中作表语e.g. He was not the sa
4、me person as he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用 as)= He was not the same person that he was.1.3.4 as 的固定用法:As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, 1.4 all that 和 whatAll that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.that 引导定语从句 that 引导表语从句= What I know is tha
5、t What 引导主语从句1.5 关系副词: where, when, why比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.This is the house which I visited.I will never forget the day when I joined the army.I will never forget the day that we spent together.The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my party.The reason you g
6、ave me yesterday cannot be accepted.The reason is that I want you to come to my party.表语从句 只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。p.s. 在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时，尤其要注意：及物动词后直接加宾语，则选关系代词；不及物动词后不可直接加宾语，则选关系副词！2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别2.1 形式结构基本相同：都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由 that 引导。2.2 句法功能不相同: 同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置。2.3 区别方法：3
7、2.3.1 that 是否在从句中担任成分？The news that the leader will come here is not true.在从句中不担任成分The news that you told me last week is not true.在从句中担任宾语2.3.2 在 that 前面加 is,如果句意成立就是同位语；否则就不是。The news is that the leader will come here is not true.成立The news is that you told me last week is not true.不成立2.3.3 根据 tha
8、t 前的名字判断同位语 that 前的名词 必须 是一个表示事实的 抽象名词 : fact, news, information, order, belief, reply, answer, saying, doubt, hope, idea, thought,suggestion, wish, conclusion, decision, knowledge, opinion, problem, promise, question, plan, report, truth, view etc.定语从句前的先行词没有这个限制。2.4 同位语的连接词包括: that, how, when, whe
9、re, whether.！同位语从句有时会被别的词把它和名词隔开: e.g Word came that they had won the game.3. 定语从句与强调句型的区别3.1 强调词 it 与先行词 it 的判别 : 把 It is / wasthat去掉，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则不是。It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport(强调句)It is the factory that Mr Wang works. (定语从句)It is clear that not all boys l
10、ike football. (it 作为形式主语的主语从句)= That not all boys like football is clear.3.2 固定句型: It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that4e.g It was not unitl she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous star.=Only
11、 when she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous star.强调句的倒装！强调人时，可用 who 代替 that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when, where, why, how 代替 that. ！强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as 等引导的原因状语从句。He is better today since he can walk around without my help. -It is better today that he is today since he
12、can walk around without my help. (X)It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (X) 3.3 其他强调方式：3.3.1 as, though 引导的让步状语从句 : (1) Try as he will, he cant succeed. (强调谓语)= Though he will try, he cant succeed. (2) English though he learnt, he didnt learn it well. (强调宾语)= Thou
13、gh he learnt English, he didnt learn it well.(3) Ill as he is, he keeps on working. (强调表语)=Though he is ill, he keeps on working. 3.3.2 用 do, did 强调谓语e.g Do sit down.He did write to you last week.3.3.3 用短语 at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun 等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。5【定语从句 同位语从句 强调句专项训练】1 He tal
14、ked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the schoolAwhich Bwho Cit Dthat2 His uncle works in a factory bicycles are madeAthat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere3 There is no dictionary you can find everythingAthat Bwhich Cwhere Din that4 Next month, youll spend in your hometown is comingAwhic
15、h Bthat Cwhen Dwhere5.It was on 12 May,2008_the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.A.since B.which C.that D.when.6 Next month, youll be in your hometown is comingAwhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere7 He wanted to know the time he needed to know Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhat8 There isnt so much
16、noise in the country in big citiesAthat Bwhich Cwhere Das 9 They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhat10. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as11 Crusoes dog
17、 became ill and died , made him very lonely Aas Bwhich Cthat Dthis12. It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. （2008 重庆卷 22）A .that B. when C. while D. as13. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what614 has been said above ,g
18、rammar is a set of dead rulesAWhich BWhatCThat DAs 15. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，which is the information _ has been put forward.A. what B. that C. when D. as16 Do you know the man ?Awhom I spoke Bto who I spoke CI spoke to Dthat I spoke17. It is
19、 not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. 2007 重庆卷A. which B. it C. that D. this18. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why19. when was it you called me yesterday?A. until B. that C. then D. so 20 The k
20、nife we used to cut the bread is very sharp Awith which Bwith it Cwith that Dwhich21 He tore up my photo and upset me Athat Bit Cwhich Dwhat22 During the days , he worked as a servant at the BrownsAfollowed Bfollowing Cto follow Dthat followed 23. I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loud
21、ly.A. it B. which C. this D. that24. Was it because he was ill _ he asked for leave?A. and B. that C. thats D. so25 You can take any seat is free Awhich Bwhere Cthat Din which26. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether727. T
22、hese wild flowers are so special _I would do _ I can to save them.A. thatwhatever B. thatthat C. whichwhatever D. aswhichever 28. Occasions are quite rare_I have the time to spend a day with my kids.（2008 山东） A. who B. which C. why D. when29. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached
23、most evenings.（2008 北京）A. which B. when C. whom D. where30. The man pulled out a gold watch, _were made of small diamonds. （2008 陕西）A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which31. I have no idea _ he will start.A. when B. that C. what D./32. Ive come from the
24、government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which33. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. when34. One of them held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether35 Do y
25、ou know the reason he was late?Athat Bwhich Cfor what Dfor which36 We hope to get such a tool he is using Awhich Bas Cthat Dwhere37 Is there any one in you class family is in the city Awho Bwhos Cwhich Dwhose38 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ?Athat B/ Cwhich Dit 39 I often thought of my chil
26、dhood , I lived on a farmAwhich Bwhere Cwhen Dwho40 Is there anything to you 8Athat is belonged Bthat belongs Cwhich belongs Dthat belong 41 The factory well visit next week isnt far from here Awhere Bin which Cwhich Dto which42 My hometown is no longer the same it used to be Awhich Bas Cthat Dlike4
27、3 John got beaten in the game , had been expected Aas BthatCwhat Dwho44 Is some German friends visited last week ?Athis school Bthis the school C this school one Dthis school where45. It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_?A.wasnt it B.was it C.didnt they D.did they 46. When asked to e
28、xplain_made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.A.what it is that B.that what it is C.what is it that D.that what is itraise、rise 和 arise 的区别前两个都有升起，抬起，上升的意思。 rise 是不及物，太阳升起 the sun rises arise 很少用到，人站立 people arise raise 是及物，举手 raise the hand 9区别在于：raise 是及物动词，后面一定要加宾语。 而 rise 是不及物动词，后面不
29、能加宾语。另外，rise 可以表示太阳的升起，比如日出：sun rise；不仅如此，在美国英语中，常用 rise 表示起立或着起床。 arise 表示“出现，产生”，一般指不好的事情。比如，危险出现了，不好的后果产生了，可以用这个词。与上面两个次只是形近。 1.raise 提起，使升高，引起，扬起，提高，增加，筹款，召集，提出，养育。 如：raise ones hand 举手; raise crops 种庄稼; raise a building 造起一座房子; raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土; raise ones voice 提高嗓音; raise funds 筹集资金; raise a question 提出问题; They raise the flag every morning 他们每天早上升旗. 2.rise 上升，升高，上涨，指有形的东西。如： The sun rises in the east. 3.arise 开始发生，出现。指有形的东西，常用抽象名词作主语：都用在借喻中，不能用被动。 如 Serious complications may arise from this sudden change of plans.突变的计划可能会导致严重的纠纷
