1、- 1 -高一英语语法知识（5）表语从句（The Predicative Clause）一、表语从句的定义： 表 语 从 句 就 是 用 一 个 句 子 作 为 表 语 ， 放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，用来说 明 主 语 是 什 么 或 者 怎 么 样 。 The problem is puzzling. 主 语 连 系 动 词 形 容 词 作 表 语The problem is when we can get a pay rise.主 语 连 系 动 词 一 个 句 子 作 表 语 -表 语 从 句二、表语从句的构成： 系动词+ 引导词+简单句What I want to say
2、is that I am tired.三、表语从句的用法1.可接表语从句的连系动词有:1). 最常用连系动词：be(am; is/was; are/were)。一般在句子中译成：“是”China is no longer what she used to be. 2). 表变化的系动词：get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run。用法注意：在英语中，系动词一般只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态变化形式，没有其他时态变化形式。但表变化的这类系动词除外，它们有各种时态变化。 It is becoming colder and colder. The f
3、ood has gone bad. 此处还需注意的是 become 和 turn 后接表职业的名词时冠词的有无： Two years later, he became a teacher. 但 Two years later, he turned teacher. 另外，go 表变化时一般指事情向消极、不好的方面转化。 3). 所谓 “感官动词”:look; sound; taste; smell; feel 一般它们在句子中译成：“起来；上去” 。此类系动词为高考高频词。The food tasted good. 食物尝起来很香。 He looked sadly at the picture
4、. / She looked sad after hearing the news. Tom tasted the food and it tasted good. 4). 表状态的系动词：keep; stay; remain; 一般在句子中译成： “依然是；保持” She remains loyal to her father despite his cruelty towards her. What a lovely day today! I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some days.Much remains
5、to be done. 5). 表像系动词：seem; appear。一般在句子中译成：“看起来像” 、 “似乎” 、 “好像” 。这两个动词有一个共同的特点，即如果要表达时态的变化，需要后接不定式来完成。He seemed to have caught cold. It appears to me that he wants to teach us all he has.When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something. 另外此处一句型转换也要牢记：It seemed that he had caught cold. When Fa
6、ther came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something. 6). 终止系动词：prove; turn out。一般在句子中译成： “证实、证明、结果为”He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful. - 2 -2.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：1)从属连词 that , that 在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。The trouble is that I have lost his address.2)从属连词 whether, as, as if
7、 /as though 引导的表语从句，有自己的含义，但在从句中并不充当语法成分。He looked just as he had looked ten years before. The question is whether they will be able to help us.It looked as if it was going to rain.注：从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if 却可引导表语从句。All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday. 3)becau
8、se, why 引导的表语从句，有自己的含义，但在从句中并不充当语法成分。Thats why he didnt understand me. I think it is because you are doing too much. 注 意 ： “That/It is because.”与 “That/It is why.”之 间 的 不 同 在 于 “That/It is because.”指 原 因 或 理 由 ; “That/It is why.”则 指 由 于 各 种 原 因 所 造 成 的 后 果 。He did not see the film last night. That i
9、s because he had to help his little sister with her homework.He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.4)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which; 连接副词 where, when, how, why 它们分别有自己的含义，并在从句中充当一个语法成分。The problem is who /whom we can get to replace her. （作宾语）That was what she did
10、this morning on reaching the attic.（作宾语）The question is how I can persuade her to join us in the party.（ 作 方 式 状 语 ）She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.（ 作 地 点 状 语 ）The question is which book is the most suitable for us students.( 作定语)5)使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“shou
11、ld+动词原形” 表示， should 可省略。常见的词有： advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea 等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.3. 注 意 ：1） 表 语 从 句 一 定 要 用 陈 述 语 序 。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2） 在 有 表 语 从 句 的 复
12、 合 句 中 ， 主 句 时 态 和 从 句 时 态 可 以 不 一 致 。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.3） that 在 表 语 从 句 中 一 般 在 书 面 语 中 不 可 以 省 ， 但 在 口 语 中 可 以 省 略 。The idea is (that) we shall go to picnic this week. 4) “That is why.”与 “That is the re
13、ason why.”同 义 ， 不 过 从 语 法 结 构 上 讲 ， “That is the reason why.”中 why 引 导 的 是 个 定 语 从 句 ， 将 其 中 的 the reason 去 掉则 与 “That is why.”结 构 一 样 。 - 3 -That is (the reason) why I cannot agree.5). 当 主 语 为 The reason(why)时 ， 表 语 从 句 的 引 导 词 只 能 用 thatRight: The reason (why he was late) was that he was caught in
14、 the heavy rain.Wrong: The reason why he is absent is because he is ill. 四. 巩固练习1. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there2.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where3. You are sayi
15、ng that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagreed.A. why B. where C. what D. how4. The reason for her great success is _ she is both clever and hard-working. A. because B. why C. which D. that5. His suggestion was that we _another meeting to discuss the problem.A. must hold B. should hold
16、C. could hold D. held6. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A. where B. how C. when D. why7. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when8. The problem is _ he has enough time.A. if B. whether C. / D
17、. that9. He didnt come to the meeting. That was _ he hadnt been invited.A. why B. because C. the reason why D./10.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether11. The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of12. I
18、s this _ we met each other two years ago.A. where B. that C. because D. whether13. The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get14. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us. A. that B. if C. whether D.不填 15. The reason
19、 is_I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what16. That is _ _ we were late last time.A. that B. when C. why D. what17. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though18.I fell sick! -I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because- 4 -19. The
20、reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill20. - He was born here. - That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how21. That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why2
21、2. The trouble is_we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that23. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where 24.China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_.A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used
22、to being D. what it was used to be25. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such五必会词汇（ Unit 5 of S1A ）：1.单词：1).steak 2).influence 3).sound 4).vegetarian 5).crowd 6).astronaut 7).grow 8).appetite 9).contain 10).mineral 11).cattle 12).source 13).energy 14).v
23、ariety 15).increase 16).advise 17).tiny 18).intelligent 19).sense 20).companion 2.短语：1).instead of 2).have/lose an appetite for 3).decide on 4).heart attack 5).tellfrom 6).newspaper advertisement 7).tell sth apart 8).in the depths of winter - 5 -9).all of a sudden 10).work as 高一英语语法知识（5）表语从句（The Predicative Clause）Keys:1-5: B A B D B 6-10: C C B B D 11-15: B A C C A16-20: C D D C C 21-25: B B A A C
