1、Unit 41. congratulate / celebrate 【解释】congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). I _ you on your success.2). We held a party to _ our success 答案: 1). congratulate 2). celebrate 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm【解释 destroy 表示在肉体上、精
2、神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). You may get _ in that shop.2). He cant _ her. She sees through him
3、 every time.答案: 1). cheated 2). fool3. rise / raise / lift【解释】rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。lift 语气比 raise 强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). She _ her eyes from her work.2). _ me up, mummy-I cant see.3). The plane was then able to _ and it cleared the mountains by 300 f
4、eet.答案: 1). raised 2). Lift 3). rise4. hurt / injure / wound【解释】hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。injure 比 hurt 正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). The soldier was _ in the arm in the war.2). She was _ slightly in an accident during the work.3). I was v
5、ery much _ at his words.答案: 1). wounded 2). injured 3). hurtII 词性变化 1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民national adj. 民族的；国家的3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者 ; 受难者【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. (na
6、tion)2) We are talking about _ and international issues. (nation)3） _ children were calling for their mothers (frighten)4） The child _to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten) 5） It is even _ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)6） We _ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffe
7、r) 7) Theyre arthritis _. (suffer)8) There is so much _ in this world. (suffer)答案: 1) nations 2) national 3) Frightened 4) was frightened5) frightening 6) suffered 7) sufferers 8) suffering 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. burst v. 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的 , 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的3. educate vt. 教育educa
8、tion n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的重点单词1. devote vt. 投入；献身 2. vote v. 投票（决定） ；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数3. reward n. 报酬，奖金 vt. 酬谢，给以报答4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的5. advise v. 建议重点词组be in prison 在狱中，被监禁out of work 失业,出问题lose heart 丧失勇气或信心重点句子We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we wer
9、e less important, or fight the Government. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.重点语法定语从句 （见语法部分） 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料 ) 1. fight for/against/with【解释】fight for/against/withfight for 为 而斗争；努力争取 fight against 与作斗争fight with 和并肩作战，和打仗/ 打架/斗争【练习】用正确的 fight 短语填1). We will have to _ diffi
10、culties. 2). They told the workers to _ their rights. 3). During World War II, the British _ Frenchmen against Germans. Keys: 1). fight against 2). fight for 3). fought with 2. reward / award 【解释】award 用作名词时，意为“奖品” 、 “奖金” 、 “奖”;reward 作名词时，作“报酬” 、 “奖励” 、 “报答”讲。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). The film _ are
11、 presented annually 2). A _ was offered for the return of the passport Keys: 1). awards 2). reward 3. accept / receive【解释】accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示 “答应” 、 “同意 ”、 “认同” receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到 , 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待” 、 “接收” 、 “欢迎”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空I _ his letter of invitation, but I didnt _ it.Keys: rec
12、eivedaccept 4. since / because / as / for【解释】since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。because 表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答 why 的提问。as 可和 because 互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答 why 的提问。for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用 ,其前常有逗号隔开。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). I cant go _ Im ill.2). _ the rain has stopped, lets go out for a walk
13、.3). _ Im leaving tomorrow, Ive bought you a gift.4). It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet.Keys: 1). because 2). Since 3). As 4). forII 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的 , 有前途的hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的3. educate vt. 教育
14、education n. 教育; 教育体制educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) She is a highly _ woman (educate)2) Parents should _ their children to behave well. (educate)3） A child receives its early _ at home. (educate)4） Many a young _ went to Hollywood. (hope) 5） Our _ for fine weather were not disappoi
15、nted. (hope)6） Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a _ case. (hope) 7) Dont be _ to animals. (cruel)8) He saw a lot of _ in the prison camp. (cruel)Keys: 1) educated 2) educate 3) education 4) hopeful5) hopes 6) hopeless 7) cruel 8) cruelty 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. devote vt.
16、 投入；献身典例 1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。重点用法devote to 献身于；专心于在 devote to短语中，to 是介词，后面接名词或动词 -ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意）; stick to（坚持）; lead to（导致）; preferto（相比更喜欢）; look forward to （盼望）;练习 中译英1). 她深爱她的孩子。2). 我
17、们应全力以赴地工作。Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children.2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks.2. vote v. 投票（决定） ；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数典例1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。2). Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。3). The vote
18、s are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。重点用法vote down 投票否决；投票击败 vote in 投票选出；选举vote through 表决通过 put to the vote 将付诸表决take/have a vote on 对进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对练习用恰当的介词或副词填空。1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority.2). Shall we take a vote the question?3). The issue was put the vote.4). W
19、as the vote or the matter?Keys:1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against3. reward n. 报酬，奖金 vt. 酬谢，给以报答典例1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。重点用法in reward (for) 作为（对的）报酬、报答 give a reward to sb. for sth. 为给某人报酬、赏金reward sb. for (doing)
20、sth. 因报答、奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用报答、奖赏某人练习 中译英1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。2). 她向他报之以一笑。eys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 2). She rewarded him with a smile.4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的典例 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。重点用法 be equal t
21、o 与相等be equal with 与平等练习 中译英1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.5. advise v. 建议典例1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.2). Christie advises us
22、 to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie 建议我们要尽可能多练口语.3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果 .重点用法advise sb. on sth. 就给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干 advise (ones) doing sth. 建议（某人）干advise + (that) sb. (should) doadvice n.
23、建议；意见a piece of advice 一条建议go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见give advice to sb. on sth. 就对某人提供建议follow sbs advice = take sbs advice 接受某人的建议练习 中译英1). 我建议换个方式。 2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。Keys: 1). Id advise taking a different approach. 2). We advised that they should start early/advised t
24、hem to start early. 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁典例 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西 , 他曾在监狱呆过 5 年.短语归纳 putin prison = sendto prison = throw into prison 把投入监狱The car thieves
25、have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。练习 用 be, put, send, throw 的恰当形式填空。1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison.2). The robber in prison for several years.3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison.4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car. Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3)
26、. sending 4). was put2. out of work 失业,出问题典例 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。2). Marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。短语归纳 in work 有工作out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦out of use 没用了
27、 out of date 过时out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控 out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。练习用适当的介词（短语）填空。 1). Although my computer is date now, but its still use.2). After fours operation, the patient has been danger.Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of3. lose heart 丧失勇
28、气或信心典例1). He failed many times, but he didnt lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。短语归纳 lose ones job 失业 lose ones balance 失去平衡lose ones breath 上气不接下气 lose ones heart (to sb/sth) 爱上lose ones life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱练习 中译英1). 不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。
29、2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。Keys: 1). Dont lose heart, all will turn out well.2). She lost her heart to a young soldier.V 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。解释 这是一个主从复合句，in which 引导
30、定语从句，修饰先行词 position。类似的名词还有 situation, stage, case 等，作先行词时，可用 where 引导定语从句Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?拓展：介词+关系代词 which 在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词 when, where 和 why。He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.Today when （= on which） the pro
31、duct will be put into use will come soon.The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.练习 中译英1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗？2). 他迟到的原因令人难以置信。Keys:1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.2. Only t
32、hen did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。解释当 only 修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊
33、的消息.Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。练习 中译英1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。Keys1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 2). Only by shouting was he able
34、to make people on the other side of the river hear him.unit 3 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. Which country do you think has the most English learners?解释do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。 What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？What do you su
35、ppose he will do after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.解释 than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更” 。如：The stars w
36、ere shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。练习 中译英1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。2). 雨下得比以前更大。答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before.2). Its raining harder than ever before.课文要点（模块）1 课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：At th
37、e end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people 1 (speak) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English 2 their foreign language. 3 English language has changed quite a lot over the last four c
38、enturies. Old English sound more 4 less like German for it was 5 on German, but modern English sounds more like French than German 6 England was once ruled by the French. Two people had great effects on the English changes. One was Shakespeare, who 7 (large) the English 8 (词汇) ; the other was Noah W
39、ebster, 9 wrote a dictionary 10 gave American English its own identity.答案：1.speaking 2. as 3. The 4. or 5. based 6. because 7.enlarged8.vocabulary 9. who 10. that/which 2 课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。这篇课文讲述了英语的发展史。 英语随着时间的流逝而发生了变化，全世界的人们都说英语。The passages shows us _答案：The
40、 passages shows us a history of the development of English. English has changed over time and it is spoken all over the world. 3 课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）1.【原句】With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.和你的同学一起列出把英语作为官方语言的国家。模仿要点 句子结构【模仿 1】请用这些词，造一个句子来描述你心中的想法。答
41、案：With these words, please make up a sentence that can describe what you feel in your mind. 【模仿 2】他用了各种色彩，画一幅画显示了他家乡的变化。答案：With different colors, he painted a picture that showed the change of his hometown2 【原句】English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as south Af
42、rica. 在新加坡，马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。模仿要点 列举三者以上事物的表达【模仿 1】下课后我喜欢去踢足球，打篮球和参加一些有趣的活动如唱歌跳舞答案：After class I like to play football and basketball and take part in some interesting activities such as dancing and singing.【模仿 2】在英国旅游期间，我们参考了博物馆，城堡和一些名胜如一些公园和花园。答案：During the tour in the UK, we visited museums
43、, castles and some places of interest such as some parks and gardens. Unit 3 Travel journal语言要点 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分/ 词语辨析1. finally/at last/in the end2. across/through/over3. persuade / advise4. beneath / under / below词形变化1. organize vt. 组织organized adj. 有组织的organization n. 组织2. wool n. 羊毛woo
44、len adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的3. determine v. 决定 determined adj. 坚决的determination n. 决心; 坚定性重点单词1. prefer v. 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物） 2. persuade v. 说服；劝说3. insist v. 坚持4. determine v. 决定；确定；下定决心重点词组care about 关心，在乎 go through 经历；经受give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交change ones mind 改变主意重点句子1. It was my sister who/that first had the
45、 idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。 （强调句）2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly. 她坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。重点语法现在进行时表示将来 （见语法部分）I 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. finally/at last/in the end 【解释】finally 有两个意思，一是在按顺序列举事物或论点时引出最后一项内容， “最后，末了” ；二是表示“在经过很长时间之后才，终于。 ” 另外，
46、finally 一般位于动词前。at last 强调经过一番努力 in the end 强调经过许多困难、变化之后，事情才发生at last 和 in the end 同 finally 的第二个意思【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). The war lasted four years before the North won _2). Your idea will turn out right _.3). _, I want to thank you for helping me.Keys: 1). in the end/ at last 2). in the end 3).
47、Finally2. across/through/over【解释】across 表示从表面上横穿，横跨through 表示穿过空间内部over 表示 “越过” ，指从较高物体的一侧到另一侧【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空The Great Wall winds its way _high mountains, _ deep valleys and _ greatdeserts. Keys: overthroughacross3. persuade / advise【解释】persuade 指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。强调劝说已收到成效。advise 并不涉及是否有成效【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Some of us _ him to change his mind but no one could _ him to do so.Keys: 1). advisedpersuade4. beneath / under / below【解释】beneath 书面用词，指紧挨 之下 under 普通用词，指在某物的正下方below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方， 所指范围较宽【练习】用上面所提供的
