1、1高考英语单项选择解题技巧单项选择题是全国各省市英语高考试卷中必不可少的题型，它比较灵活，知识容量大，覆盖面广。它涉及语法、词法、句法、交际等多方面的知识，几乎可以包含高中阶段所学的全部内容。近几年单项选择测试由原来的语法型测试逐渐转向测试学生的交际能力、语言应变能力、词语运用能力等为主的能力型测试。 单项选择题的考查的重点是英语的基础知识，分析近年来的高考单项填空题，有如下几个特点： 1、考点分布相对稳定、集中。英语的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、冠词、情态动词出现的频率较高，尤其要引起重视的是动词、动词补语、各种习惯达法及交际用法。 2、语言基础知识的考查不能脱离一定的
2、语境。近年来，高考题重视考查学生的语言实践能力，将单纯的语法语言知识放置于一定的语言环境，这是近年来高考英语测试改革的一个方向，考生在做题的过程中应该树立全局观、整体观，不能顾此失彼，只注意语法知识的正确性而忽略了语境使用中的合理性。 3、题干设计的新颖性。几乎每年的高考题在题干设计上都有所创新，考生在考试之前应该有相应的心理准备。在考试过程中，遇到新颖的题干不心慌，沉着、冷静地对考题加以分析。对于单项填空题，考生应该仔细分析，积极揣摩出题人的意图。也就是我们常说的做题时切忌盲目，要找准考点。这样，既增加了做题的准确性，又节约了时间。在高考前的后期复习中，考生们应对高频考点进行拉网式地认真清理
3、，做到知识条理清楚，哪些点常考什么，要心中有数，不打无准备之仗。 4、要看清楚题干再做题。碰到个别难题，别花太多时间。选择题分数只占 10，建议考生把时间控制在 10 分钟以内。 5、近年来其内容愈来愈贴近生活。因此考生除了复习考纲所列的词汇和语法知识，还要注意归纳英汉两种文化的差异，熟悉所学的习惯用法，提高顺应语境的能力。对于单选题，许多考生把单项填空题理解为单纯的语法考察题，把选项和语境割离开来，被干扰选项迷惑。而事实上，高考英语的单项选择题已经由传统的单纯考查语法知识逐渐向英语应用的方向发展，考查的知识点越来越多，不仅考查语言知识的记忆与简单再现，更重要的是考查在不同水平与层次上语言知识
4、的运用。考生应该把单项选择题当成一个小的阅读理解题，一道题的每个单词甚至是标点符号都在提供信息，从理解语境出发到找到关键词，再加上语法、句法、固定搭配去找到正确答案。不知道大家注意没有，英语试卷中，每一个部分都用黑体字写了这一行字：从 A.B.C.D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。明确告诉我们要挑选出一个最佳选项，而不是做出一个正确选项。因此在做英语试题时，比较是非常重要的。高考的学生要想快又准地做好单选题，必须具备下列技巧：1.采用“还原法”，再现庐山真面目有些句子设题上具有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，原因是它已改变了原先的句式或省去了一些内容，使我们从表面上不容
5、易辨别出其句型结构，增加了理解的难度。这时巧妙使用“还原法”能大大降低句子的难度，使人豁然开朗，茅塞顿开。1.Time should be made good use of _our lessons well.（被动句） A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns 选 C分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为 We should make good use of time _our lesson well2.Was it in 1969_ the American astronauts succeeded_ landing on the moon?A. w
6、hen; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in解析：将这个句子转换成陈述句，即：It was in 1969 _the American astronauts succeeded_ landing on the moon. 这是一个强调句型, 故答案 D 正确。 23.The man you are looking forward to _ us a talk。Agiving B. will give C. given D. give解析: 把定语从句 you are looking forward to 看成一个简单的修饰语2.抓住关键词，打开解题的切
7、入点很多情况下，题干上会有一个关键词的提示，只要快速锁定该词，不但能找准答案，而且还能节省宝贵的时间，提高解题速度。4Years ago, we didnt know this, but recent science_that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing解析：根据关键词“recent”判断正确答案为 B。5. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told
8、 B. tell C. be telling D. having told解析 句子“but he meant no harm”所提供的信息是“Tom 已经把你的秘密告诉了我”，故答案为 A 如果 没有这个有效信息，则 B 也成立。3. 语境分析法这类题要求考生找到语境的切入点，认真、仔细地分析题干所提供的语境，然后确定正确答案。 6.-Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?-Sorry, I am not sure. But it_ be.A. might B. will C. must D. can解析：通过对语境的分析
9、可发现， “I am not sure”为解题的切入点。 “不太有把握，无法确定”表示一种可能性，故选项 A 正确。7.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he_ her somewhere. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen解析：本题考查过去完成时在具体情景中的使用。根据题干的语境暗示可知主导时态为一般过去时。现在分词短语 wondering 作伴随状语，其中 whether 又引导宾语从句，则从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。答案为 D4. 情景交际法情景交际题几乎每年都考，旨
10、在考查考生在交际的特定环境中语言运用的得体性(语用能力)。因此，考生一定要领悟试题题干内涵，准确把握语境，熟悉中、英两种文化的差异，掌握不同民族的交际习惯方式，才能选出正确的答案。8-Hi, havent seen you for ages! You look fine!-_.You look well, too.A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all解析：中国人比较谦虚内向，而英美人比较外向，所以应选 B。C 和 D 是中式表达。9.I didnt know this was a one way street, officer. _ A. Tha
11、ts all right. B.I dont believe you. C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but thats no excuse. 分析:你有可能选了 B、C 项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案应该是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择 D。 10. -Waiter!-_.-I cant eat this. Its too salty.3A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?解析
12、根据前后句提供的信息可知该题含义是：顾客用餐对菜肴的味道不满意，叫服务员前来服务。All right?和 Pardon?显然不符合语境。What?从字面意义来看，是中文式的表达。按英美文化习惯，地道的表达应当是 Yes, sir?而且要用升调，故 A 是最佳答案。5. 标点提示法标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。比如句中逗号可以提示非限制性定语从句或非谓语动词作状语等。标点符号可以帮助考生确定做单项填空题时从哪个角度入手。11._ some exercise every day Im sure youll get fit sooner or later.A. To take B. taking
13、 C. Have taken D. Take析：破折号“” 相当于“and”，前后结构应保持平衡，因此答案为 D12. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _“Sorry to miss you; will can late.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading解析：空格之前有逗号，首先可排除 read 和 reads 两个谓语动词。to read 为不定式短语，作目的状语时，一般不能与主句隔开，而且此处既非表示目的，也非表示结果。只有 reading 在句中作伴随状语,符合
14、题意,故 D 为最佳答案。13.He is always really rude, _is why people tend to avoid him.A. that B. it C. this D. which 此题很容易选 A，因为同学们很熟悉 that is why这个句型，而事实上此题的答案是 D，因为两个句子之间是逗号，又无连词，因此是个复合句，所以要用 which 引导一个非限制定语从句。若将逗号改成 and，答案就是 A 了。6. 去掉插入语，化繁为简有时设题特意加上插入语，使句型显得繁杂，这时只要去掉插入语，题干就简单明了，一目了然了。14-Is that the small t
15、own you often refer to?-Right, just the one_ you know I used to work for years.A. that B. which C. where D. what析：去掉插入语“you know”就知道答案为 C。15.We agree to accept_ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whichever B. whoever C. whatever D. whomever就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语，如 I think/ suppose/believe，do
16、 you think/ suppose/believe， you know，of course 等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语 they thought ，可知宾语从句缺主语，又能与 the best tourist guide 搭配的，只有答案 B。7. 利用对称结构就是在作题的过程中要善于利用 and, but 等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。16.-English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?-Yes. _ more words and expressi
17、ons and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(上海)A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known4此题第二个 and 后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是 A。又如：17.On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _some bananas and visited her cousin. A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. bu
18、y 8. 识别相似句型有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容易出错18(1)_is known to everyboby, light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What(2)_is known to everyboby that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What12 题选 B，as 引导一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子。13 题选 A，it 是形式主语， that 引导主语从句；若又在 that 前加个 is
19、，则应选 D，what 引导的是主语从句， that 引导的是表语从句。9.消除思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思时就作出了选择，结果当然出错。19.Madame Curie，for _ life had once been very hard， was successful later A.whom B.which C.whose D.that20. Everyone here will thank the firefight
20、er for the things they have done to prevent fires_ the environment safer.A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making 此题容易误选 D，以为是考查 prevent sb. /sth. from doing 这一固定搭配的。其实， “使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做的工作” 的目的，所以用动词不定式，选 C。10.补全法口语中会使用一些省略句，作题是若将被省略的成分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。21.What do you think made Mary so upset?-
21、_her new bike.(上海 )A. Lost B. As she lost C. Losing D. Because of losing此题将答句补全，就是 her new bike made Mary so upset。显然，只能选 C，用动名词作主语。22.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken解析：该句省略了 the drug was,
22、补全后则为：the drug was taken according to the directions.答案选 B1. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _ lives his uncle.A. which B. who C. where D. that2.The letter I have been looking forward to _ at last.A. come B coming C. has come D. came3.Remind him_the window when he leaves.A.of clos
23、ing B.closing C.to close D.close 4.Whom would you rather_with you, Jim or Jack?A.have go B.have to go C.have gone D. has to go5. His sister left home in 1998, and _since.A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of C.had not heard of D. has not heard of 6. Bruce, I really appreciate your handwrit
24、ing.- _ .A. I practice every day B. Thank you very muchC. No, I dont think so D. Well, its not good enough57. I think_, though I could be mistaken, he liked me.A. who B. which C. that D. what8. We keep in touch _ writing often.A. with B. of C. on D. by9. It is partly_ the summer day is longer that e
25、verything has a larger time to warm up.A. for B. that C. the reason D. because10.If a northerner lives in south, he will probably feel that _.A. he doesnt agree to the climate there. B. the climate doesnt agree with him. C. he cant agree with the climate there D. the climate doesnt agree to him.11.
26、When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _up , her voice had been full of life. A.were hanging B.had hung C.hung D. would hang12.-I hope you enjoyed the film last night.-How on earth do you know I went to a film? I _ you.A.wont tell B.didnt tell C. havent told
27、 D. hadnt told13.The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D.though14. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt _. A.get along B.get on C.get to D.get through 15.-Is there any possibility_ you could pick me up at the airport?
28、-No problem.A.when B.that C.whether D.what 16.The little girl who got lost decided to remain_ she was and wait for mother.A.where B.what C. how D. who17.-Mum,is the pair of gloves_mine?-Yes.You have to wear another pair.A.washing B.have washed C.having washed D.being washed18. Im trying to break the
29、 _of getting up too late .A.tradition B.convenience C.habit D.leisure19.The factory produced many famous cars,none of_shipped to foreign countries.A.them B.which C.it D.what 20.The house I grow up_has been takendown and replaced by an office building.A.in it B.in C. in that D.in which21.Sometimes we
30、 are asked _ the likely result of an action wil be.A.that we think B what do we think C.what we think D. that what we think22.-I would like to buy an expensive camera.-Well,we have several models_.A.To choose from B to choose C to be chosen D for choice23._a certain doubt among the people as to the
31、practical value of the project.A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains24.The US/UK war against Iraq and the suffering_caused have become a big concern all over the world.A.what B.which C. it D./ 25.He _to the meeting. Have you informed him of it?Sorry. I _ to.6A. hasnt come; am going B
32、. didnt come; have forgottenC. hasnt come; forgot D. doesnt come; will have虽然高考题型朝着新颖性变化，但是还是跳脱不开考察语言基础：1、英语语法知识；2、对近义词或习惯用语的辨析；3、日常交际用语。而这三个方面各有其内在规律，因此只要我们了解了这些规律，掌握这些规律，就能逐渐形成答好单项填空题目的解题技巧。题有所图，选要有据，要经常“反问自己” 。所有的试题考查都带有一定的目的，或考查理解或考查知识掌握等，所以首先要把握好考题意图，然后找做题的“理论依据” 。做“单选”不能凭感觉，所谓的“语感”也是在扎实的语言知识和良
33、好的理解能力的基础上形成的。所以，平时训练做题时，要不断地问自己“本题考什么？选择依据是什么？”做到“选要有据” ，即使选错也能更好地“纠正认识，还原事实” 。最后有个提醒，考题中的“完形填空、阅读理解、阅读表达”等题型可能会有“单选”中的“语法影子” 。这也许是巧合，更是文章意思表达的需要。这种“重叠现象”是试题本身存在的一种“有益提醒和启发” ，只要考生留意会有所帮助的。以上只是几个简单的做题技巧，平时还是要多注意积累知识，熟记一些语法规则，进行大量的阅读，提高接触英语语言的机会，提高理解力。因为现在的单选趋势已变成“最精缩的阅读理解” ，只有“语法+ 意义”两者结合才能得出最佳答案。总之高考英语测试要求考生要具备扎实的语言功底、较强的阅读理解能力和灵活有效的语言运用等多方面的综合素质。
