1、1中学生英语能力竞赛辅导语法部分语法专题：虚拟语气虚拟语气在非真实条件句中虚拟条件句 主句与现在事实相反的假设 did(be were) would /should /could /might + do与过去事实相反的假设 had done would /should /could /might +have done与将来事实相反的假设didwere to doshould dowould /should /could /might + do使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：1 错综时间条件句：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的
2、调整。e.g. If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now , and you would graduate from a college in four years time.2 . if 省略句在 if 条件句中，可以把 were, had, should 提到句首,省略 if，变为倒装句式。e.g. If I were at school again, I should s
3、tudy harder again.Were I at school again, I should study harder again.If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.3. 用介词短语 without, bu
4、t for 表示“要不是” ， “如果没有”这样的虚拟条件，代替条件状语从句，句中的谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。But for your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time.If it hadnt been for your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time.Without water or air, nothing could live.If it werent for water or air, nothing could live.4.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并
5、不总出现 if 引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。I was ill yesterday. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.He telephoned me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.虚拟
6、语气在名词性从句中的应用A) 用于宾语从句中与现在事实相反 did (bewere) 1.用于 wish 后面的宾语从句中 与过去事实相反 had done与将来事实相反 could/ would/ might doe.g. I wish(that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.I wish(that) I had met that film star yesterday.2.用于表命令，建议，愿望等词后面的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose,
7、 advise 等，宾语从句的虚拟语气其结构为“(should)+do ”.e.g. He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.They insisted that the boy (should) go with him.注意：当 suggest 表示“暗示，表明”之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。e.g. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.当 insist 表示“坚持认为 ” 之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。
8、e.g. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.与现在事实相反 did (bewere) 3.在 would/had rather 后的宾语从句中与过去事实相反 had donee.g. I would rather they didnt hear of the news.B) 用于主语从句中It is desired/ suggested/ proposed/ necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity +that 从句，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)+ do” 。e.g
9、. It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.It is important that we study English well.C) 用于表语从句和同位语从句中在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气。其构成是 “should+ do”。e.g. My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all ag
10、reed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing. 虚拟语气用于 as if/though ,even if/though 中与现在事实相反 did (bewere) 与过去事实相反 had done与将来事实相反 would doe.g. He looks as if he were an artist.She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. 虚拟语气用于定语从句中It is (high/ about)
11、time (that)did此句型意为“（现在）该”e.g. It is time that you went to school. 用于 if only 引导的感叹句中，意为如果就好了。与现在事实相反 did (bewere) 与过去事实相反 had done与将来事实相反 would doe.g. If only I were a flying bird.If only I had seen the film. 不定式的完成时态表虚拟 1. should ( could, might, ought to, need) have done 2. should ( could, might,
12、ought to, need) not have done 3. wanted (planned, hoped, meant, intended)to have done 4. would/ should like/ love to have to have done 25. was/ were to have done练习：虚拟语气1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, would B. had known, would have sentC. know, would send D. knew, would have sent
13、2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would be B. started, might beC. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew;
14、would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _ , she _ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn t be B. had been ill; wouldnt have beenC. had been ill; should have been D. hadnt been ill; could be5. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way. w。w 。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。
15、mA. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do6. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were itC. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be7. Without your help, we_ so much.A. won t achieve B. didn t achi
16、eveC. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldnt have made B. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you lo take; shouldn t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high
17、school.A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up.A. could B. should C. would D. were able to12. My sister advised me th
18、at I _ accept the invitation.A. could B. must C. should D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is given B. must give 高.考.资.源.网 C. should give D. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party?A. will invite B. have invi
19、ted C. is invited D. invite15. I insisted that he _ at once.A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolen B. shouldn t steal C. doesn t steal D. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry.A. had made B. would mak
20、e C. makes D. make18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train.A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. sh
21、all catch21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be22. That is a good book. You _ it yesterday.A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought23. It is high time we _ home.A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went24. I d rather that you _ home.A
22、. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone25. If only I _ to the lecture!A. listen B. will listen 高.考.资.源.网 C. am listening D. had listened26. - If he_ , he _ that food. - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would b
23、e warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken27.I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come28. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be29
24、. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give30. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will hav
25、e to D. do not keep; have to31. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted that he _ home.A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay32. Mr. Smith insisted that he _ the work all.A. had done B. have done C. did D. so33. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A
26、. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known34. If you had enough money, what _ ?A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought35. If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt have seen D
27、. hadnt seen36. Our monitor requested that _.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully37. - Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, bu
28、t I _. busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be38. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A. had been B. was C. be D. should be39. It is important that we _. w。w。w.k。s 。5。u.c 。o。mA. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window befor
29、e we leaveC. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave40. I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I _ him.A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephonedD. telephone语法复习十：动词的语气虚拟语气15 BADAB 610 CDABC 1115 CCDDB 1620 ADAAC 2125 DCDAD 2630 BDDAA 3135 DABBD 3640 DABDC
