1、 九年级英语 3-4 单元笔记 九年级英语 Unit31.语态：英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Cats eat fish . （主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态) 鱼被猫吃。被动语态的构成由“助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。时态 被动语态结构 例句一般现在 时am are +过去分词is English is spoken in many countries.一般过去 时was +过去分词were + 过
2、去分词This bridge was built in 1989.情 态动 词can/shouldmay +be+过去分词must/The work must be done right now.被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLy is allowe
3、d to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)have sth. done 如：I get my car made. = I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车4. enough 足够 形容词enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮enough名词 如：enough food 足够食物enough to 足够去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is
4、old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。6. 看起来好像sb. seem to do sth. He seems to feel very sad.it seems that +从句 It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。7. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel
5、, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept 等。 连系动词除 be 和become 等少数词可接 名词 作表语外，一般都是接 形容词 。如：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.8. 倒装句: 由 so助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语 意为：也是一样She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。She went to school just now. So did I
6、. 她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。9. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中10. stay up 熬夜如： I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到 12 点。11. clean up 打扫 整理 如：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。12. 程度副词：always 总是 usually 经常 sometimes 有时
7、never 从不 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.我总是/经常/ 有时/从不上学迟到。13. 曾经做某事： Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I dont.Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I havent.14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go t
8、rekking(去徒步)15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。16. take the test 参加考试pass the test 通过考试fail a test 考试失败17. the other day 前几天18. agree 同意 反义词 disagree 不同意 动词agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词18. keep sb/ sth. 形容词 使某人/某物保持. 如：We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持
9、我们的城市干净。19. bothand +动词复数形式如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of g
10、oing to Beijing.22. at present 目前23. at least 最少 at most 最多24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.sth. cost (sb.) The book cost (me) 100yuan.sb. spend on sth. She spent 10days on this book.sb. spend doing sth. She spent 10days reading this
11、 book.sb. pay for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如： Her social life got in the way of her stu
12、dies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习 。29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 30. think about 与 think of 的区别 当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。We are thinking about going Qinzh
13、ou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。31. 对 热衷， 对兴趣be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。32. practice doing 练习做某事She often practice speaking English.33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 34. also 也 用于句中either 也 用于否定句且用于句末t
14、oo 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。九年级英语 Unit41. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：句 型 条件从句
15、 主 句谓语动词形式动词过去式(be 动词用were)would+动词原形即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用 were), 一般过去时(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒
16、绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员 )2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend +从句 假装 I pretended that I fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到 如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友
17、。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. still 仍然,还 用在 be 动词之后，行为动词之前 如：I am still a student.我仍然是个学生 I still love him.我仍然爱他。6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)
18、词前面有数词或 several 一词时要不能加 s ，反之，则要加 s 并与 of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树7. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如：What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？8. add sth. to sth. 添加到 如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加
19、到水里。9. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太而不能 如：Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。11. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松12. in public 在公共场所 如:Dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。13. energetic adj. 活力的 如
20、：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。14. ask sb. to do 叫做某事ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事tell sb. to do 告诉做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.15. start doing = start to do.
21、 开始做某事 如：He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。17.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：Lily invited me to go to h
22、er home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如：They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。22. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果23. get along with sb. 与相处 如：Do you get al
23、ong well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？24. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 如：I would rather walk than run. 25. whole 整个 26. in fact 事实上27. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：Dont let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。28. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 catch up with sb.
24、 追上 赶上 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。29. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。30. come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出版一次。31. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。32. hurry to do 匆忙 I hur
25、ry to call the police.33. more than 超过34. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成常由下面的一些词引导：由 that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。由 if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义( 带有是否、已否、对否等)I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义D
26、o you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
