1、倒装解题三部曲河北衡水中学 张新稳 英语中,通常句子的主语位于谓语动词的前面,这种语序叫自然语序或者陈述句语序。在某些固定的句型中,为了保持句子的平衡或为了强调某一部分并使上下文衔接紧密,会出现句子的谓语动词或谓语的一部分要放在主语的前面,这种语序的句子就叫倒装句。倒装句是中学英语中的重要语法项目和重要考点之一。笔者结合多年教学实践认为解答时只要做到三步,一切倒装试题就可以迎刃而解了。第一步: 寻找信息 分清倒装的类型【例 1】 (2010 年 陕西高考题 ) John opened the door . There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl
2、did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl【例 2】 (2005 年辽宁高考题 ) In the dark forests _ ,some large enough to hold several English towns.A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand【例 3】(2007 年上海高考题 ) How was the televised debate last night?Super! Rarel
3、y_ so much media attention.A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate【例 4】(2006 年湖北高考题 )_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be【例 5】(2006 年福建高考题 ) I
4、ts burning hot today,isnt it? Yes. _ yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it【例 6】(2007 年全国卷) If Joes wife wont go to the party,_.A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will倒装句分全部倒装和部分倒装两种。整个谓语在前的句子,叫完全倒装;部分谓语(情态动词、助动词、连系动词)在前,谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子,叫部分倒装句。
5、解题时寻找信息来判断倒装的类型是很关键的。【例 1】和【例 2】考查完全倒装。1) Here, there, now, then,up, down, in, out, away, off 等表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语位于句首,谓语动词是 be, come, go, remain , stand, sit , lie 等,且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装。 【例 1】中 there 位于句首。答案:D。2)作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。 【例 2】中把地点状语 In the dark forests 提前,构成了完全倒装句。题干的前半部分的正常结构应为:Many la
6、kes lie in the dark forests。而此处如选 A 项可改为 In the dark forests stand many monuments,stand 表“ 耸立,屹立”,不能修饰lake。B 项中的 lie 表“ 躺;位于 ”。 答案:B。【例 3】 【例 4】 【例 5】和【例 6】考查不完全倒装。1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类状语有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely.when, no soon
7、erthan, not onlybut also, not until, nowhere, neithernor等。 【例 3】中 rarely 放到句首了,所以需部分倒装。答案:B。2) 在非真实条件句中含有 were, had, should 等助动词时,可以将 if 省略,把助动词放在非真实条件句的句首的部分倒装形式。 【例 4】句意为:如果你被炒了,你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词可以用 should +动词原形。从句中把 if 省略了,所以把 should 提前。答案:B。3)soneithernor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用部分倒
8、装结构,形式为“soneither nor助动词系动词情态动词主语”(so 表示肯定意义,neithernor 表示否定意义) 。 【例 5】 “昨天也是这样(也很热) 。 ”表肯定意义。答案:A。 【例 6】 “如果乔的妻子不去晚会,他也不去。 ”表否定意义。答案:B。注意:如果 so 表示强调, 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时,其结构则是“so主语助动词系动词情态动词”的形式,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。【例 7】Well,I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast
9、. (05 年辽宁卷) _.A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does解析:肯定前一句话中的宾语从句 “the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal”, so 引导的句子不进行倒装,而且 so 引导的句子中谓语动词要与该宾语从句中的谓语动词相一致。答案:A。第二步: 研究标志 - 判断倒装的位置【例 8】 (2007 年重庆高考题 ) _ ,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it so
10、und B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound【例 9】(2009 年海南高考题 ) The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was
11、saved D. was saved teachers energy【例 10】(2006 年天津高考题 ) Did Linda see the traffic accident?No,no sooner _ than it happened.A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone【例 11】(2009 年四川高考题 ) Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went
12、 【例 12】(2009 年山东高考题 ) So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 【例 13】 (2008 年江苏高考题 ) _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unl
13、ess; you will任何倒装句型都有其标志,这个标志也是构成倒装句型的条件。部分倒装句中,若有主从句,应认真研究标志词,判断哪句倒装。1)not until 放句首作状语表示强调时,只倒主句。 【例 11】not until I came home last night 位于句首时,要用部分倒装的句型,把助动词 did 提到主语 Mum 的前面。答案: B。 2)Hardly when; No sooner.than句型中,只倒前面的主句 (主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时) 。 【例 10】no sooner.than.为固定结构形式,表示 “刚就” ,no sooner 位于句首,
14、后常接“had+主语”这一倒装结构。答案: A。3)neither nor(既不 , 也不) 句型,前后两个句子都倒装。如:Neither has he called her, nor will he do so. 他既没有给她打电话,他也不会打。4)not onlybut also(不但而且)句型中,前面的句子倒装。 【例 9】句意为:计算机应用于教学。结果,不仅教师节省能量,而且学生对课程更感兴趣。not only 放在句首作状语,句子则进行部分倒装。前一部分倒装,后一部分不倒装。答案: B。5)only 修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时,主句要倒装。 【例 13】句意为:只有吃适
15、当的食物,你才能够保持健康。only if 位于句首时,只有主句应用部分倒装形式。答案:A。6)sothat/ suchthat(如此以至于) 中 so+ adj./adv 或 such提前到句首时,主句用倒装语序。 【例 12】so sudden 置于句首,实行部分倒装,又 sudden 是形容词,作表语。答案:C。7)as(尽管)引导的让步从句中必须将表语或状语(名词、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词等)提前,构成“形容词/副词/名词/ 动词/ 分词+as +主语+谓语的其它部分”的倒装形式,有时用 though 代替 as。 【 例 8】句意为:尽管听起来奇怪,他的观点被所有与会人员接受。其
16、结构为:adj. +as+主语+句子其他部分。答案:D。提示:使用 as 进行倒装时需要注意的是:句首有名词时,名词不能带任何冠词。【例 14】(2005 年重庆高考题 ) _,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 答案: B。句首是实义动词时,其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实
17、义动词有宾语和状语,则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 第三步: 斟酌句意 - 确定倒装的时态【例 15】(2007 年辽宁高考题 ) I have been living in the United States for twenty years,but seldom _ so lonely as now.A. have I felt B.I had felt C.I have felt D. had
18、 I felt【例 16】(2005 年上海高考题 ) Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was【例 17】(2008 年江西高考题 ) It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homesAthe residents
19、 would be permitted Bhad the residents been permittedCwould the residents be permitted Dthe residents had been permitted【例 18】(2005 天津高考题)They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German.A. have B. did C. had D. do解答倒装试题,在做好前两步的基础上,还要斟酌句意,确定倒装的时态,这是取胜的保障。【例 15】当否定副词 seldom 置
20、于句首时,句子要用部分倒装形式。将现在与以前相比较,故用现在完成时,句意为:我一直在美国住了 20 年了,但我很少感觉到像现在这样孤独。 答案:A。【例 16】当含有否定意义的 never 放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。句意为:这座城市从来没有比现在更需要现代公共交通运输系统。结合语境判断,本题应为完成时态,而 C 项为过去时态,不合适。答案:A。【例 17】that 从句中 only 引导的时间状语从句位于句首,that 从句需用部分倒装结构。句意为:据宣布,只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才被允许回到家中。控制火势在先,允许回家在后,所以应用过去将来时。答案:C。【例 18】当否定副词 little 置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装形式。句意为:他们懂很多英语,但德语几乎不懂。But 连接的两个并列句,不分时间先后,所以应该用一般现在时态。答案:D。通信地址:河北衡水中学英语中心教研室 张新稳E-mail:hzzxw082055 邮编:053000电话:13231822106