1、 第 1 页个性化辅导教案 学生 学校 年级 初三 学科 英语教师 日期 时段 次数课题 专题一 名词教学目标掌握名词的用法和特点重点难点重点：1、掌握名词分类和名词的“数”和“格”的概念；掌握名词的单数变复数规则，尤其注意不规则名词变复数的形式。难点：将名词放在活生生的语境中进行学习，排除汉语干扰是做好名词辨析题的关键。考点分析：1、名词的词义辨析 2、可数名词和不可数名词的辨析是常考点 3、名词辨析的考查是中考的热点教学步骤及教学内容1、上课前说出要求，提出目标2、Free talk 引出本节课讲解的重点3、讲解本节课的语法内容：名词的概念，分类，变化规律。名词分类 专有名词普通名词 可数
2、名词不可数名词名词 名词的数 可数名词的规则变化不规则变化不可数名词的数of 所有格的构成和用法第 2 页讲义小练笔连衣裙_ 手套_ 爸爸_ 妈妈 _ 尺码_ 美元_ 耳朵_ 长城_ 家庭_ 爱_ 玻璃_ 中国_ 班级_语法梳理 名词知识概要1、名词的分类名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体可看表：类别 意义 例词专有名词 表示人、地方、事物、机 Lucy, China, the Great Wall, the 名词所有格 s 所有格的构成和用法双重所有格名词作主语名词的句法功能 名词作定语名词作宾语4、课堂练习。查看学生对该语法的掌握情况，如果有不理解或者不明白的地
3、方立刻解决。五、课后作业：1、复习本节课的内容 2、完成相应的练习第 3 页构、组织等名称的词 Great Hall of the People个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 dictionary, pencil, chair, window可数名词 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的词Family, police, class, group, team物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词Rice, glass, water, porridge, paper, air, wood,wheat, steel普通名词 不可数名词 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词Knowle
4、dge, danger health, life, homework, interest, love动动脑筋，观察一下：car cars ， student students ， bookbooks designerdesignersairplaneairplanes water, bread, paper, tear, 2、可数名词的复数形式1、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词（Countable Noun） 和不可数名词（Uncountable Noun） ，可数名词又有单数和复数两种形式。练一练 ：把下面的名词变成它的复数形式season_form_plan_bus_watch_t
5、omato_hobby_ city_ toy_ monkey_wife_leaf_ man_woman_ sheep_mouse_foot_名词复数构成规律：(一)情况 构成方法 例词一般情况 +s cake grape month couple 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 等结尾的词+es watch box bus boss第 4 页辅音字母+y 结尾的词 改 y 为 i，+es beauty county baby lady factory 以 f 和 fe 结尾的词 变 f(fe)为 ves leaf wife wolf knife life thief以 o 结尾的词 1、有生命体
6、的+es,2、无生命体的+sNegro hero potato tomato mango黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆、番茄和芒果。radio zoo piano photo oo 的词 改 oo 为 ee foot goose tooth不规则变化 mouse man sheep deer child womanpeople policeman （2）某国人变复数，记住以下的顺口溜：中日不变，英法改变，其他加 sChineseChinese JapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenArabArabs (3)复合词的复数: 改中心词为复
7、数 girl student girl students注意哦：woman teacher-women teachers man teacher -men teachers表示复数的名词（复合名词）policepublicfamily （家人）people（人们）the + 姓 s 例：the Smiths史密斯一家人练一练：My family _(be) a big one. All my family _be) in China now. 第 5 页看似复数实际是单数的名词：news 消息Politics 政治Maths 数学 Physics 物理Thermos 热水壶1. No news
8、 _ good news. (be)2. I think maths _ very important.既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：chicken 小鸡 / 鸡肉room 房间 / 空间；位置work 作品/ 工作 paper 论文; 报纸/ 纸 glass 玻璃杯 / 玻璃 time 次；倍 / 时间 wood 树林 / 木头 fish 鱼 / 鱼肉 exercise 练习 / 运动；锻炼第 6 页light 灯 / 光 fruit (各种)水果 / 水果需要记忆的特殊复数形式：manmen woman-women （例外：German-Germans） tooth-teeth foot-
9、feet mouse-mice child-children deer-deer sheep-sheepChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese常用不可数名词What nice weather (天气)! musicI have so much work to do. a piece of information What fun it is! advicenews manya few 可数名词a number ofmuch 不可数名词 a little some / a lot of 可数不可数名词不可数名词不能与数词连用，若要表示相应的数量，则需要借助一定的单位词1、
10、借助表示“张” 、 “块”的单位词 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of advice 一条建议 a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of 第 7 页chalk 一支粉笔2.借助表示容量的词a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a cup of tea 一杯茶a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a glass of beer 一杯啤酒3.借助表示重量的词a kilo of salt 一公斤盐 ten tons of coal 十吨煤4.借助表示形状的词a drop of water 一滴水 a grain of sand 一粒沙Uncou
11、ntable nounsa cup of tea two cups of teaa piece of paper three pieces of papera jar of jam three jars of jama bowl of rice two bowls of rice3、名词所有格用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s 其复数形式是 s,如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加s, 如:a students room, students rooms, Childrens Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用s,如:a twenty mi
12、nutes walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers。分类 构成方法 例子（1）在单数名词后加+s。 The teachers office表示有生命的名词的所有格（2）以 s 结尾的复数名词后只加 。The teachers officeBoys game第 8 页（3）不以 s 复数的复数名词后要加s。The Childrens PalaceThe People of Republic of China如某一物体属于两个或者两个以上名词所共有，只需在后一个并列名词词尾加
13、s；如果不是，则需在各个并列名词后面分别加上s。John and Marys house is big.（房子属于他们两人共有）Johns and Marys houses are big（房子属于他们分别拥有）表示无生命的名词所有格一般用“of+名词”表示 The doors of our classroomThe capital of China4、名词的用法1、作主语 English is useful. 英语很有用。2、作定语： 名词作定语，一般用单数形式paper tiger 纸老虎 work place 工作的地方3、作宾语 She learns English hard ever
14、y day. 她天天努力学英语。4、做表语 Tom is my good friend. 汤姆是我的好朋友。5、作宾语补足语 They chose the boy monitor. 他们选那个男孩当班长。中考链接1、A computer is one of the greatest_in this century. （2010 佛山）A、inventor B inventions C invitation D invention2、 We can see two_in the picture. (2010 茂名)A apple tree B apples trees C apple trees
15、 D apples tree3、 Three_are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain.（2009 广州）第 9 页A sheeps B sheep C sheepes D ships4、Mr Black gave us _on how to learn English well.（2010 新疆）A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices5、With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ? _. （201
16、0 湖北）A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you 综合大练习一、单选题1. Lucy and Lily_in the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be2. Which is the _to the bus stop, please?A road B way C street D address3. Hurry up!There is_ time left.A little B a little C few D a few4. How
17、many _can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato5. - _is the meat. Please?- Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is_.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green第 10 页7 Shanghai is one of
18、 the biggest_in our country.A city B citys C citys D cities8 Would you please pass me_?A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers9 September 10th is _Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers10 I only have_ bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few11 “Wha
19、t would you like, Ann? “Id like two_.“A glass of milk B glasses of milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks12 There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any13 June 1st is_.A Childrens day B childrens DayC Childrens Day D childrens day14 The
20、se foreign friends are_.A German B Germen C Germany D Germans15 All the students are busy, so_ of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few16 There are three_and seven_in the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps第 11 页17 Whose room is this? Its_.A my B Kike
21、s and JohnsC our D Kike and Johns二、改错题1、Please give me a paper.2、My glasses is broken.3、I want to buy two shoes.4、May I borrow two radioes?5、There are much people in the garden.6、I want a few water.7、Dont eat too much meats.8、We have five German in this meeting.9、We have many woman teachers in our school.10、Physics are very difficult to learn.
